初中英语语法梳理和提高——过去完成时态讲解试题

1、初中英语语法梳理和提高形容词和副词讲解试题形容词和副词知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！一、形容词用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。形容词的作用，见下表：作 用例 句定 语You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.表 语Your coat is too small.宾语补足语The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如：Don't wake the sleeping

2、 baby up. He is asleep.The old man is alone.形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。例如：You'd better tell us something interesting.The police found nothing strange in the room.多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词  2）数词  3）性质 4）大小  5）形状6）表示老少，新旧  7）颜色  8）事务、质

3、地、人的国籍、用途。例如：His grandpa still lives in this small short house.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor;good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。例如：The young should take g

4、ood care of the old.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。The rich never help the poor in this country.在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。表示数量的词组。如：One day, a young man, twenty-five years old, came to visit the professor.有一天，一位25岁的年轻人来拜访这位教授。I live in a building about fifty meters high.我住在一做大约50米高的大楼里。形容词短语做定语时要后置。如：They are the students easy

5、to teach.他们是很容易较的学生。We live in a house much larger than yours.我们住的房子比你们的大得多。else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如：Did you see anybody else?你看到别的人了吗？二、副词英语中副词的位置和汉语不尽相同，它的位置比较灵活。通常用作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。下面来介绍一下副词的分类方法：多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如：We are living happily.我们幸福的生活着。He runs slowly.他跑的很慢。时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如：They went

6、 to the park yesterday morning.昨天上午他们去公园了。I heard him sing English songs over there.我听见他在那边唱英语歌曲。He drove the jeep carefully.他小心地开着吉普。注意： 有时表示时间的副词也可放在句首，起强调作用。如：Yesterday I got up late.昨天我起床很晚。频度副词一般放在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后，实义动词之前如：He is seldom ill.    他很少生病。   You must always

7、remember this.   你一定要记住这一点。   I often write to my parents.   我经常写信给父母。   Do you usually go to school on foot.  你经常走路去上学？  He has never been to Beijing.  他从来没有去过北京。注意： 有时为了加强语气，频度副词也可放在句首。如：Sometimes she goes to school by bus and sometimes she go

8、es to school by bike.有时她乘公共汽车上学，有时骑自行车去。程度副词修饰动词时，与频度副词相同，修饰形容词和副词时，放在它所修饰的词前面。如：That's quite early.那很早。I nearly missed the bus.我几乎错过了公交车。She did rather badly.她干得相当糟。否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词be或助动词之后。如：She seldom goes out at night.她晚上很少出门。I am never late for school.我上学从不迟到。We had hardly got to the statio

9、n when the train left.火车离开时，我们差不多/几乎到了车站。疑问副词放在特殊疑问句的句首。如：When can you come?你什么时候来？How many days are there in a month?一个月有多少天？What are you going to do when you grow up?张大以后，你打算干什么？Where were you born?你是在那里出生的？Why didn't he come?他为什么没有来？关系副词when, where, why 引导定语从句时，位于从句之前、所修饰的词之后。如：Tell me the re

10、ason why you did it.把你这样做的理由告诉我。It's the sort of day when you'd like to stay in bed.这是个令人恋床不起的日子。I don't know the place where we will go.我不知道我们将要去的地方。同时存在时间状语和地点状语时，时间状语一般放在后面。如：The meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow.明天会议将在教室里举行。He watched TV in his room last night.他作晚在房间里看电视

11、。They arrived in Beijing at 8 o'clock last evening.他们昨天晚上8:00到达北京。注：有些词既可用做形容词也可副词。如：late, wide, well, fast, easy, early 等The road is so wide that 8 buses can go throw it at a time.Open your mouth wide.三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下：1) 符合规则的：情 况加 法例 词一 般 情 况直接加 -er ; -esttall-taller-talle

12、st以e结尾的词加 r ; -stnice-nicer-nicest以“辅音+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-er ; -estdry-drier-driestheavy-heavier-heaviest以一个辅音字母结尾的词辅音字母双写，再加-er ; -estthin-thinner-thinnest多音节和部分双音节单词在词前加 more ; mostmore deliciousmost delicious2）几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表：原 级比较级最高级good , wellbetterbestbad , illworseworstmany , muchmoremostl

13、ittlelessleastfarfarther / furtherfarthest / furthest形容词和副词比较级的用法级别比较程度表达方式和意义例 句备 注原  级同等程度肯定形式As+原级+as(像一样)Art is as interesting as music.Play as well as you can. 否定形式not + so (as) +原级+as(不如那样)English is not so difficult as science.She does not study so well as I do. 比较级不同程度（用于

14、两者比较）比较级+than(比)Jim is older than Luky.I like pork better than beef.比较级前面可以加much, far, even, still,a lot, a little, a bit等程度加深比较级+and+比较级（越来越）The + 比较级，the + 比较级（越, 越）He is growing taller and taller.He studies better and better.The more books she reads, the better she understand. 最高级最高程度（用于三者或三

15、者以上）The +最高级+of (in)(最)Spring is the best season of the year.Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all.副词最高级前面的the 往往省略注意：有些形容词，如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含义的限制，没有比较级。例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！He is _ friends than I.A. much more   B. many more   C. very more   D. too more解

16、析： 后面有可数名词复数时， many的比较级形式为many more 修饰。 应选B.2. Which is the _ country, Japan or Australia?   A. more developed   B. more developing   C. most developed   D. most developing   解析： 两者比较用比较级， 表示"发达"用 developed, 而developing 是 "发展中的"&#

17、160; 意思3 There were _ shops in the city in 1982 than in 1990.A. little        B. few        C. fewer         D. less解析：little 不能修饰可数名词，两者比较需用比较级， 所以应选C.4. If you are not free today, com

18、e another day _.   A. too     B. so     C. instead    D. yet  解析：instead 作副词用时意为"代替，顶替"， 表示前面的事情没做， 而是做了后面的事。Instead一般位于句首。应选C.5He can't tell us _, I think.   A. important anything    &#

19、160;       B. anything important C. important something          D. something important.  解析：不定代词与形容词联用需后置，否定句中应该用anything而不是something. 因此应选B6. The Huang River is the second _ river in our country.  A. long

20、0;   B. longer   C. longest    D. the longest  解析："定冠词the+ 序数词 + 形容词最高级 " 表示"第几大" 应选C.7. The light in the office wasn't _for him to read.  A. enough bright     B. bright enough    C. brightly 

21、;    D. enough brightly  解析：enough修饰名词时可前可后， 修饰形容词或副词时， 要后置。应选B.8. There was an accident at the corner. _, the girl wasn't _hurt.  A. luckily, badly   B. luck, hardly   C. Lucky, heavily  D. Lucky, strongly  解析：第一空修饰全句需用副词，第二空修饰形容词hurt也要用副词，

22、 因此选A.9. You must keep your eyes _ when you do eye exercises.   A. close     B. open       C. closed      D., opened  解析: 此处需用形容词做宾语补足语。 应选C.10. Five days has passed , but I haven't finished half of the wor

23、k. _,   A. already     B. still     C. too       D. yet   解析：already 与 yet 都可用于现在完成时态。Already常用于肯定句， 而yet 常用与否定句。应选D.练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！选择最佳答案填空：Don't worry, sir. I'm sure I can run _ to catch up with the

24、m.A. slowly enough  B. enough slowly  C. fast enough  D. enough fast2. The text is very easy for you. There are _ new words in it.   A. a few  B. a little  C. few  D. little3. It's such an _ film that all the students are _ in it.   A. interestin

25、g; interested  B. interested; interesting  C. interesting; interesting  D. interested; interested; interested4. Mingming got up very _,so he came to school half an hour _.   A. late; lately  B. lately; late  C. lately; lately  D. late; late5. I am _ worried ab

26、out y parents' healthy conditions.   A. some times  B. sometime  C. sometimes  D. some times6. We don't have _ every day.   A. a lot of school works  B. many school work  C. any school works  D. much school work7. -Look! How fast the two hors

27、es are running!  -Oh, yes! They are nearly _.   A. up and down  B. slower and slower  C. more or less  D. neck and neck8. _ children there are in family,_ their life will be.   A. The less; the better  B. The fewer; the better  C. Fewer; richer 

28、 D. More; poorer9. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting _.   A. more and more rich  B. more rich and more rich  C. richer and richer  D. richer and richest10. Which lesson is _, this one or that one?   A. difficult  B. much difficult  C. more diffi

29、cult  D. the most difficult11. "A _ accident happened at 7:30 a.m." said the policeman _.   A. serious, serious  B. seriously, seriously  C. seriously, serious  D. serious, seriously12. _ is it from our school to Lupu Bridge?   A. How long  B. H

30、ow often  C. How far  D. How much13. In our city, it is _ in July, but it is even _ in August.   A. hotter; hottest  B. hot; hot  C. hotter; hot  D. hot; hotter14. This pencil is _ that one.   A. so long as  B. as longer as  C. longer than 

31、 D. not as longest as15. The station is two kilometers _ the hospital.   A. away to  B. far away  C. far from  D. away from16. Beijing has _ many buses that there is often a traffic jam in rush hours.   A. so  B. very  C. too  D. much17. This box is

32、_ heavy _ I can't carry it.   A. too, to  B. so, that  C. very, that  D. too, that18. India has the second _ population in the world.   A. larger  B. most  C. smallest  D. largest19. Mary received _ many postcards at Christmas.   A. so&

33、#160; B. such  C. too  D. even20. The cake smells _. Please throw it away.   A. good  B. badly  C. bad  D. well21. - What was the weather like yesterday?   - It was terrible. It rained so _ that people could _ go out.   A. hardlyhard  

34、  B. hardly hardly     C. hard hardly   D. hard hard22. The meeting will be held in half an hour, but they haven't got everything ready_.   A. ever       B. already      C. yet   &#

35、160;   D. still23. - What about the English novel?   - It's not very difficult. There are only _ new words in it.   A. few      B. a few     C. many     D. a little24. How beautiful she sings! I've

36、 never heard _.   A. the better voice     B. a good voice    C. the best voice     D. a better voice25.  Mr Smith always has  _ to tell us.A. some good pieces of news              B. some  pieces of good newsC. some good piece of news               D. some piece of good new