高考英语阅读理解精品练习

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2014高考英语阅读理解精品练习（2）及答案（解析） C72013·重庆卷 EIt is widely known that any English conversation begins with The Weather.Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr.Johnson's famous comment that “When two English meet, their first talk is of weather.” Though Johnson's ob

2、servation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, most commentators fail to come up with a convincing explanation for this English weatherspeak.Bill Bryson, for example, concludes that，as the English weather is not at all exciting，the obsession with it can hardly be understood.He ar

3、gues that “To an outsider，the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.” Simply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles.Jeremy Paxman, however, disagrees with Bryson, arguing that the English weather i

4、s by nature attractive.Bryson is wrong, he says，because the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena. “The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.” According to him, the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it attrac

5、ts the English as well as the outsider.Bryson and Paxman stand for common misconceptions about the weatherspeak among the English.Both commentators, somehow, are missing the point.The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all.English weatherspeak is a system of signs，which

6、is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other.Everyone knows conversations starting with weatherspeak are not requests for weather data.Rather, they are routine greetings，conversation starters or the blank “fillers”. In other words, English weatherspe

7、ak is a means of social bonding.72The author mentions Dr.Johnson's comment to show that _Amost commentators agree with Dr.JohnsonBDr.Johnson is famous for his weather observationCthe comment was accurate two hundred years agoDEnglish conversations usually start with the weather73What does the un

8、derlined word “obsession” most probably refer to?AA social trend.BAn emotional state.CA historical concept.DAn unknown phenomenon.74According to the passage，Jeremy Paxman believes that _ABill Bryson has little knowledge of the weatherBthere is nothing special about the English weatherCthe English we

9、ather attracts people to the British IslesDEnglish people talk about the weather for its uncertainty75What is the author's main purpose of writing the passage?ATo explain what English weatherspeak is about.BTo analyse misconceptions about the English weather.CTo find fault with both Bill Bryson

10、and Jeremy Paxman.DTo convince people that the English weather is changeable.【要点综述】 本文通过对Bill Bryson和Jeremy Paxman两人迥然不同的观点的陈述来阐明作者对英国人以天气为寒暄内容的见解。72D逻辑推断题。通过引用名人名言来说明英国人以天气为寒暄内容的现象很普遍。73B 词义推断题。Bill Bryson认为英国天气单一(there is not very much of it)不足以引起人们的情感响应，因此该词此处指的是 “情感状态”。74D细节理解题。倒数第二段中有“The inter

11、est is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.”(意思是：人们对英国气候的关注点不是气候本身，而是气候的不确定性。)由此可知答案。75A写作目的题。通过对Bill Bryson和Jeremy Paxman两人迥然不同的观点的陈述来阐明作者对英国人以天气为寒暄内容的见解。(2011·江西九校联考，E)Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbor

12、s，even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr，who wrote that widowers(鳏夫) were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest

13、that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man's life and two to a woman's. The effect holds for all causes of death，whether illness, accident or self­harm.Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has

14、found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn't smoke. There's a flip_side，however，as pa

15、rtners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse's death，and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30­year study of more than 10,000 people，Nicholas Chris

16、takis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.So how does it work? The effects are complex，affected by socio­economic factors，healthservice provision ，emotional support and other more physiological (生理的)mechanisms. For example，social contact can

17、 boost development of the brain and immune system，leading to better, health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.A life partner，children and good friends are all rec

18、ommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says：“People are interconnected，so their health is interconnected.”善于交际和拥有良好的婚姻关系和社会关系网络是长寿的良方。17Linda Waite's studies support the idea that _.A. older men should quit smoking to stay health

19、yB. marriage can help make up for ill healthC. the married are happier than the unmarriedD. unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life答案：B。事实细节题。由第2段第2、3句“Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years long

20、er than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn't smoke.”可知答案。18It can be inferred from the context that the “flip side” (Line 5, Para. 2) refers to _.A. the disadvantages of being marr

21、iedB. the emotional problems arising from marriageC. the responsibility of taking care of one's familyD. the consequence of a broken marriage答案：A。推理判断题。由第2段后半部分的“as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse's death, and caring for a spouse wi

22、th mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems.” 可推断出说的是婚姻的副作用，故答案为A。19What does the author say about social networks?A. They have effects similar to those of a marriage.B. They help develop people's community spirit.C. They provide timely support for those in need.D. The

23、y help relieve people of their life's burdens.答案：A。推理判断题。由尾段内容可推知A项正确。20What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. It's important that we develop a social network when young.B. To stay healthy，one should have a proper social network.C. Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span

24、.D. We should share our social networks with each other.答案：B。推理判断题。由尾段尾句“People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.(人们是相互关联的，健康也是如此)”可推断出B项正确。C82012·湖南卷 Harvard researchers have created a tough, low­cost, biodegradable(可生物降解的) material inspired by insects' hard outer

25、 shells. The material's inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic. The material, made from shrimp (虾) shells and proteins produced from silk, is called “shrilk.” It is thin, clear, flexible and strong. A major

26、benefit of the material is its biodegradability. Plastic's toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in materials science during the 1950s and '60s. Decades later, however, plastic's very durability (耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one­time product

27、s such as plastic bags, or short­lived consumer goods, used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries. What is the point of making something that lasts 1,000 years? Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill, but its basic components are use

28、d as fertilizer (肥料), and so will enrich the soil. Shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plants. That makes shrilk low­cost, and its mass production possibl

29、e should it be used for products demanding a lot of material. Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab. The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so theyre exploring ways to use it in wet environments. Theyre also developing simpler production processes, which could be used for non&#

30、173;medical products，like for computer cases and other products inside the home. Theyre even exploring combining it with other materials，like carbon fibers, to give it new properties. 66. Paragraph 1 of the passage is mainly about shrilk's _. Aremarkable design Binteresting name Cmajor features

31、Dbasic elements67. What has become a concern about plastic? AUsing it properly. BProducing it cheaply. CDeveloping its properties quickly. DEvaluating its contributions fairly.68. According to the inventors，shrilk has great potential partly because _. Ait can help plastic degrade Bit can be found in

32、 living things Cits mass production has been realized Dits raw materials are abundant in nature 69. What are the inventors doing in the lab? AReplacing carbon fibers with shrilk. BTesting shrilk's use in wet conditions. CMaking shrilk out of used household goods. DImproving shrilks flexibility f

33、or medical purposes.70. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? ARecent Progress in Environmental Protection BBenefits of Insects in Scientific Research CThe Harm of One­time ProductsD.A Possible Alternative to Plastic【要点综述】本文是一篇科普说明文。介绍了科技新发现：从动物外壳提炼的具有可生物降解特性的材料以及它的广泛用途。

34、66. C段落大意题。考查对段落主题的理解和判断能力。根据第一段Harvard researchers have created a tough, low­cost, biodegradable可以推知，选项C符合文意。67. A细节理解题。考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力。根据文章第二段however, plastics very durability is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one­time products可以推知，选项A符合文意。68. D细节理解题。考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能

35、力。根据文章第四段Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything可以推知，选项D符合文意。69. B细节理解题。考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力。根据文章最后一段so theyre exploring ways to use it in wet environments.可以推知，选项B符合文意。70. D主旨大意题。考查对文章整体的归纳理解能力。根据文章第一段The materials could provide a more environmentally friendly alte

36、rnative to plastic.以及后文具体谈论的该材料优于塑料的内容可以推知，选择D符合文意。 C72013·安徽卷 A The Healthy Habits Survey(调查)shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.1.How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?·Finding：A full 33% of seniors

37、 brush their teeth only once a day.·Step：Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a batteryoperated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.2How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?·Finding：Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than

38、 3 days a week. And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a dayhalf of the number doctors recommend.·Step：We touch our faces around 3，000 times a dayoften inviting germs(病菌)to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes.Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.3How often do you think about fighting germs?·Finding：Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.·Step：Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵)that can carry more germs than