2018年甘肃省兰州市高三第一次诊断考试英语试题VIP

1、2018年甘肃省兰州市高三第一次诊断考试英语试题第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的AB、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATravelexpertsacrosstheglobepublishmuch-anticipatedliststhataimtoexcitereadersaboutupcomingtraveltrends.Hereisa2018listthaturgestravelerstoexplorenewcities,trynewfood,experiencenewculturesandgainnewviews

2、.ChileThislong,skinnysliceofSouthAmericasuccessfullypacksapowerfulpunch,withstrangecharmsinValparaiso,excellentwineintheMaipoValleyanddiverselandscapesacrosstheArcadianDesert,ChileanPatagoniaandEasterIsland.Flyingisthemostconvenientwaytogetaround,butflightsarenotcheap.Busesaremorewallet-friendly,and

3、Chile'sbussystemisefficient,butbusjourneyscaneasilytake17to36hours.MontenegroThecountry'scoastlineisitsbestfeature,anditswindingcoastalroadsandmountain-meets-oceanscenerycreatetheperfectbackgroundforaroadtrip.SleepyseasidetownsalongtheBayofKotorarehometomom-and-poprestaurantsandeleganthotels

4、,whilethewalledcityofKororoffersviewsoftheclassicredrooftopsoftheAdriatic.MadagascarMadagascar,theworld'sfourth-largestislandoneofthemostbiodiverse（生物多样的）placesontheplanet,hasbeenrapidlyaffectedbyclimatechange.Visitingthecountrycanserveasaneducationalopportunityfortravelerswhowanttounderstandthe

5、badeffectsofglobalwarmingandirresponsiblehumanactions,Somecan't-missexperiencesinMadagascarincludeswimmingandsnorkelingaroundNosyBe,spottinglemurs（狐猴）inRanomafanaNationalPark,admiringtherockylandscapesofIsaloNationalParkandasunsetwalkalongtheAvenueoftheBaobabs.AbuDhabi,theUAEAfter10yearsofplanni

6、ngandnearly$2billionincosts,theLouvreAbuDhabicelebrateditsgrandopeningonNov.11,2017.Now,loversofartandarchitectureareracingtotheUnitedArabEmirates'capitaltosecitsnewestfeatofmoderndesign-theproductofFrencharchitectJeanNouvel.TheLouvreAbuDhabi'sslogan,“seehumanityinanewlight”,drawsattentionto

7、themuseumAmissiontoemphasizethecommonalitiesandcelebratethedifferencesbetweenEasternandWesternart.s other famous architectural wonder best landmark in TripAdvisor ' sB. It may not help you save time.D. Buses are always very crowded.WhileinAbuDhabi,travelerscanalsocheckoutthecity-SheikhZayedGrand

8、Mosque-whichwasratedtheworldssecond-2017Travelers'ChoiceAwards.1. WhichofthefollowingisadisadvantageoftravellingbybusinChileA.Itisveryexpensive.C.Busesdon'trunatbusyhours.2. WhatdoyouknowabouttravellinginMadagascarfromthepassageA.It'smuchcheaperlogoaroundbybusthanbyplane.B. Youcantakeago

9、odtripalongthebeautifulcoastalroads.C. Youcanlearnmoreabouttheimpactsofclimatechange,D. It'sagoodchancetosecgreenmountainsandredrooftops.3. Ifyouareinterestedinartandarchitecture,youcantravelto.A.ChileB.MontenegroC.MadagascarD.AbuDhabi,theUAEBAsuccessfulbusinessman,addressingthecommercialclubofh

10、iscity,toldastoryofanorphan（孤儿）namedJim.Jimwas12yearsold,whowasthelaughingstockofthewholetown.Heneverrememberedhavingakindwordspokentohiminhiswholelife.OnedayasJimwalkeddownthestreet,hesawsomeflowersslipfromalittlelady'sarmsjustinfrontofhim.Jimgathereduptheflowersandreplacedtheminherarms."T

11、hankyou,dear;youareanicelittleboy."shesaidkindly,andwentonherwayaftergivinghimabrightsmile.Jimwasamazed.Thesewerethefirstkindwordshehadeverheardinhiswholetwelveyearsofexistence.Hestoodandstaredafterheruntilshewasoutofsight,thenhemadestraightforastream.Hesatdownonthebankofthestreamanddidsomethin

12、king."Thankyou,dear;youareanicelittleboy,“hethought.Finallytheboypulledfromhispocketsapieceofbrokenmirrorandlookedathimself.Hesawnothingbutdirt.Hewentdowntothewaterandwashedhisfacecarefully,almostpainfully.Thenhelookedagain.Hescarcelyrecognizedhimself.Hestoodstraightandlookedupinsteadofdownfort

13、hefirsttimesincehecouldremember.Afeedingofself-respectawokewithinhisbeing.Atthatmomentthecourseofhislifewaschanged;adeterminationtobeworthyofthekindwordsspokentohimbythelittlelady,andtopassthemon,tookpossessionofhissoul.AftertellingthisstoryofJim,thespeakerpausedandthenheshockedtheaudiencebysaying,“

14、Gentlemen,Iwasthatboy.Thatgentlewomanimplantedinmylifethefirstseedofkindness.AsatributetohermemoryIhavetoldyouthisstory.”4. Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thelaughingstock"inparagraph2A.Jimlikedplayingjokesonothers.B.Jimwasalwayslaughedatbyothers,C.Jimwasgoodatmakingothershappy.D.Jimhadinterestintelli

15、ngfunnystories.5. WhichofthefollowingwordscanbeusedtodescribetheladyA.Brave.B.Clever.C.Friendly.D.Honest.6. Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph|A. Jimwantedpeopletosaykindwordstoothers.B. Theladybecameveryfamousbecauseofthatstory.C. ItwasthefirsttimeforJimtotellhisstorytoothers.D. Jimmadeatotofmoneyb

16、ytellinghisstoriestoothers.7. Whatisthebesttitleforthetext|A.AStoryofJimB.AGoodLadyC.AKindWordD.ASuccessfulBusinessmanCChildrenallovertheworldwhohavetriedthepotatoorlemonbatteryexperimentsknowthatanelectricalcurrentcanbegeneratedbycreatingareactionbetweenthefoodandtwodifferentmetals.However,research

17、ersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyhavefoundawaytoharvestpowerfromtrees.Theyusethesamemetalforbothelectrodes（电极）specificallyinordernottoconfusethiseffectwiththepotatoeffect.Whileprovingthattreescanprovideasourceofpowerisasignificantstep,akeyquestionremains:canthetinyvoltage（电压）producedbyatree

18、beusedforanythingusefulNowscientistsaredebatingoverhowtousethispowersourceforhumanbenefits.Themostpracticalthingisfirealarmforforestdepartment,originatingfromthetreeitself.Treeselectricpowercanchargeabattery.Thisbatteryinturnwillbeconnectedtoasmallsensor.Thissensorwillpowerabriefradiotransmission（传送

19、）.Thatradiosignalwilltransportdailysoilandairconditionmeasurementstoanetworkofmuchlarger,solarpoweredForest-Serviceenvironmentalmonitoringstations.Thosesensorswiltalsogiveoutacrisissignalintheeventofasuddenrisein-airtemperature-thatmightindicatetheoutbreakofaforestfire.I“Itrulybelieveithaspotential,

20、"saidVictoriaHenderson,branchchiefforequipmentandchemicalsattheForestServicedNationalInteragencyFireCenter."Ifthiscanenhance（提高）ourexistingtechnologytoadegreethatwouldgainusalotmorefireprotection,thenwe'dlookataplantopurchaseitforournationwideinfrastructure（基础设施）,whichishuge.”Researche

21、rshavediscoveredthatthegreaterthepHdifferencebetweenthetreeandthesoilthemoretheenergywillbeproduced.Someresearchersalsoadmitthat“treepower"isn'taspracticalassolarenergy,butbelievethatthesystemcouldbescaled-upasalow-costoptionforpoweringtreesensorsthathelpdetectenvironmentalconditionsorfores

22、tfires,Usingtheelectronicoutputtokeeptrackofatree'shealthisanotherpossibility.8. WhydoestheauthormentionthepotatobatteryexperimentinthefirstparagraphA. Toexplainwhatitis.B. Tostresstheimportanceofelectricity.C. Tointroducethepowersourcefromtrees.D. Toencouragepeopletotrythisexperiment.9. Whatdow

23、eknowaboutthefirealarmmentionedinthethirdparagraphA. Thefirealarmcanmakeaveryloudsound.B. Smokefromafirecancausethealarmtogooff.C. Theelectricpoweritneedscomesfromthetree.D. Ithasbeenwidelyusedintheforestdepartment.10. What'sVictoriaHenderson'sattitudetowardsthefirealarmsystemA. Cautious.B.F

24、avorable.C.Disapproving.D.Unconcerned,11.WhatcausestreestocreateelectricalcurrentsB. Thesensorimplantedinthetree.B.Thenewwayadoptedbytheresearchers.C. Thespecialmetalusedinthebatteryexperiment.D.ThepHdifferencebetweenthesoilandthetrees.DInthelastfewyears,youmayhavenoticedtheterra“microplastics"

25、inthenews.Microplasticsaretinypiecesofplasticfromdiscarded（丢弃的）plasticbottles,bagsandcontainersthatendupinrivers,lakesandoceans.Becausetheyaresotinyandhardtosee,researcherssetsailtocollectwatersamplesandestimatetheamountofplasticintheocean.The5GyresInstitute,anorganizationaimedatreducingplasticspoll

26、utioninouroceans,estimatesthat296,000tonsofplasticarefloatingintheworld'soceans.But,ifyouthinkthatoceansaretheonlywaterbodieswithamicropiasticsproblem,thinkagain-theproblemisalsoreportedintheChesapeakeBay,inourownbackyard.Inapartnershipwiththe5GyresInstitute,TrashFreeMarylandtooktotheChesapeakeB

27、ayinNovembertostudythepresenceofmicropiasticsinthewater.SettingoutfromDeale,Md.,theresearchteamcollectedsevensamplesbydraggingatrawl（拖网）foranhouratatime.Thetrawlwasfittedwithacone-shaped（锥形的）net,whoseholesmeasure330microns（微米）wide,aboutthewidthoftwotothreestrandsofhumanhair.Waterflowsthroughthemaino

28、peningandthefinemesh（网眼）ofnetensuresanythingsuspendedmthewateristrappedbehind.Insevensamples,thenetpickedupalgae（海藻）trash,foamandplastic.Accordingtothe5GyresInstituterepresentative,thefirstsamplecollectedcontainedalmost10timestheamountofplasticthanwouldbecollectedinatypicaloceansample.Theplasticfoun

29、dintheChesapeakeBaysamplesincludedbitsofbags,sheeting,fishinglineandmicrobeads,whicharesmallplasticscrubbersmmfoundinfacewash,toothpasteandcleaningproducts.Microbeadsinparticularareamajorsourceofmicroplasticspollutionworldwide.Theyaresmallenoughtobypasswatertreatmentsystems'filters（过滤器）andendupi

30、nwaterways.Scientistswarnthatchemicalsandtoxins（毒素）absorbedbymicrobeadsandothermicropiasticscouldbepassedontoorganismswhomistakethemforfoodandeatthem,andcouldthenbepasseduphigherandhigheronthefoodchain,eventuallyreachinghumans.12. WhatisthesecondparagraphmainlyaboutA.Thedescriptionofthetrawl.B.Theba

31、sicdataofthewatersamples.C.Theprocessofcollectingwatersamples.D.TheintroductionofTrashFreeMaryland.13. Whatdoestheunderlinedword"They"inthelastparagraphrefertoA.Bitsofbags.B.Chemicals.C.Microbeads.D.Micropiastics.14. HowdocstheauthorproveplasticspollutioncanbeharmfultopeopleshealthA.Byanal

32、yzingthedata.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Bygivingsomeexamples.D.Byreferringtoscientistsviews.15. What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageA. Toexplainsomenewscientifictermstopeople.B. Toletpeoplelearnmoreaboutplasticspollution.C. Tourgegovernmentstomakeenvironmentallaws.D. Totellpeoplesomenew

33、findingsinscientificresearch.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhatisfriendshipTheanswersmaybedifferent.16.Wecannotlivewithoutfriendshipjustaswecannotlivewithoutairandwater.Friendshipgivesusafeelingofsafetyandwarmth,andfriendshipencouragesustogoaheadallthetime.17. Whenwef

34、eelhappy,wecanshareourhappinesswithfriends.Whenwefeeldown,friendswillcomfortus.Ifweareoverconfident,ourfriendscanpersuadeus,andtheycanmakeusconfidentandbravewhenwearediscouraged.Friendshipisvaluable.Itcantouchyourheartandgiveyouhope.Manypeopleareproudofhavingagoodfriend._18_.Ifyouhelpyourfriendsforn

35、oreasonbutsimplybecausetheyareyourfriends,thismeansthatyouregardyourfriendsasyourself.Thisistruefriendship.Infact,friendshipisn'talwayseasilykept._19_,youshouldtreathimorherlikeyouwanttobetreated.Keepthesecretsthatyourfriendtellsyou.Keepyourpromisewithyourfriend.Sharethingswithyourfriend.Stickup

36、foryourfriend.Weshouldtryourbesttoprotectthefriendshipfrombeinghurt.Asanoldsayinggoes,aFriendshipcannotstandalwaysononeside.”Truefriendshipshouldbeabletostandailkindsoftests.Becauseoffriendship,ourlivesarefullofhappiness.Therefore,themorefriendswehave,themorepleasurewecansharewiththem.Let'ssay&q

37、uot;Thankyou"toourfriendsfortheirloveandcare.20,neverforgettokeepthebeautifulfriendship!A. WhenyouwanttokeepafriendB. Ifnot,theirfriendshipstillcannotlastlongC. NomatterwherewegoorwhowebecomeD. EveryoneneedsfriendsandiseagertogetfriendshipE. TruefriendshipmustbesincereandmustnothaveconditionsF.

38、 ButonethingisclearthatfriendshipisthemostimportantthinginourlifeG. Sometimespeoplehavegoodfriendswhentheyareyoungandstudyinginschool.第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题分;满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MydaughterKellyisacautiousperson.Sheneedstowarmuptosituations,andis_21_totrynewt

39、hings.Whenwithclosefriends,shebecomesa_22_wholaughsloudlyandchants,“Girlsrule,boysdrool."Butwhenthat_23_zoneisnotaroundher,sheisshyand_24_.Thishasbeenchallengingforme_25_."Shy"isnotawordthatIthinkhaseverbeenusedto26me.Butthishasbeenayearof27formygirlthathasfilledherwithanewsenseof_28_

40、.Thisyearshemovedtolaplaneinswimmingwhereshewaspreparingforaswimteam.Thisyearsheteamedtorideabikewithouttrainingwheels.Andthisyearshe_29_herfirstkids'triathlon（三项全能）.OnSaturday,withathunderstormcomingsoonandmyson'sbirthdaypartylaterintheday,weallwentoutinthedarkofthemorningforKellyto_30_herf

41、irsttriathlon.Wepracticedtransitionsfromswimto_31_andtorunwithher.Wegotalltheequipmentshe'dneedandwekepttalkingaboutthe_32_.Butaswewaitedthetwohoursfortheolderkidstofinishbeforeher33,she34mylegalittleharderandtoldmeshelovedmeafewtoomanytimes.Shewasnervousbuttryingtokeepcalm.Andthenitwastimeforhe

42、rtogo.Fromthesecondshejumpedintothewater,myheart_35_quickly.Mydaughter36intothemostconfidenthumanbeingIhadeverseen.Shedominatedthatswim,crushedthatbikerideandrantothe_37_withthebiggestsmileonherface.IcanhonestlysaythatIneverfeltso38ofsomeoneinmyentirelife.Itwasn'tbecauseshedidasportoranythinglik

43、ethat.Itwasbecauseshewasafraidofsomethingand39thatfearwithconfidenceandafireIhadn'tseenbefore.AlldayIwouldfindmyselfjustlookingoveratherandsmiling.ShemightbewearingthefinalistmedalbutIfeltlikeI_40_thatclay.21.A.braveB.eagerC.hesitantD.willing22.A.troublemakerB.leaderC.thinkerD.fighter23.A.comfor

44、tB.dangerC.hardshipD.compromise24.A.scaryB.nervousC.painfulD.thrilled25.A.sometimesB.sometimeC.ontimeD.attimes26.A.attractB.catchC.describeD.meet27.A.firstsB.secondsC.finalsD.ends28.A.circumstanceB.confidenceC.coincidenceD.dependence29.A.defeatedB.lostC.completedD.quitted30.A.arrangeB.attendC.achiev

45、eD.accompany31.A.busB.bikeC.taxiD.motorcycle32.A.raceB.lifeC.testD.assignment33.A.chanceB.turnC.failureD.success34.A.heldB.pressedC.squeezedD.scratched35.A.settledB.aroseC.sankD.rose36.A.translatedB.transplantedC.transformedD.transported37.A.standB.summitC.deadlineD.finish38.A.ashamedB.sensibleC.pro

46、udD.critical39.A.seizedB.conqueredC.graspedD.possessed40.A.wonB.lostC.reservedD.removed第二节(共10小题；每小题分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Parkour(跑酷)isasportwhichtrainspeopletodealwithanyphysicalobstaclesintheirpath.Itisnotacompetitionbutaphysicaltraining.Apersonjoininginparkouriscalledatraceur.Tr

47、aceursrunalongapathanduseonlytheirbodiestodealwiththeobstaclesinthemostefficientway.Parkourpaysmoreattentiontoefficiency,41(make)itdifferentfromthesimilarpracticeoffreerunning.Parkour42(common)includesrunningjumping,climbing,rollingandothersimilartypesofphysicalmovements.Manyteenagersthinkthatparkou

48、risquite43coolsport.Theyhavegreatinterestinit.The44(invent)ofparkourcan't45(give)toonepersonbecausemanypeoplehaveworkedonit.AFrenchofficerdevelopedtheearlierformofparkour.Theterm“parkour"wasfirstintroducedbyDavidBelleandSebastianFoucanintheearly1980s.46thattime,theyweretwoteenagers.Thisspor

49、t47（become）morepopularinthe1990swhenmanyfilmsweremadeonit.48makesparkourdifferedfromothersportsisitspowertobringpeopletogether.Itallowstraceurstoforgetthe49（society）andotherproblems,andmakesalargegroupworkingandgrowingtogetherinsteadofcompetingwitheachother.Peoplecanbenefitfromparkourasitcanmakethem

50、stronger.Still,italsoinfluencesone'sthoughtprocessbyimprovingself-confidenceandcritical-thinkingskills.Inthisway,parkourallowsonetodealwith50（difficulty）indailylifeifheorshedealswiththemthroughparkour.第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多

51、有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A）,并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Yesterdayafternoonmyfriends,XiaoMing,andIwentskatingonthelake.Assoonaswegothere,webegantoskatehappily.Suddenly,Inoticedsomethingusual.ThemomentIwarnedXiaoMingtotakecareof,theicebrokebutheslippedintothewater.Ihadnochoicebutcryforhelp.Afterhearingmycry,ayoungmanrushedover,jumpedintothelakeandtriedmybesttoswimtowardsXiaoMing,thatwasstragglinginthecoldwater.Atlast,XiaoMingwassavedbuttheyoungmanleftwithoutsayanything.Wewereallde