单片机_英文参考文献

1、Structure and function of the MCS-51 series51 系列单片机是由英特尔公司生产的的单片机产品。该家公司在 1976 年发行了 8 位 MCS-48系列。然后又在在 1980 年推出了高 8 位的 MCS-51系列单片机。它属于这一类型很多行一个芯片的电脑芯片都如 8051、 8031、 8751、 80c51bh,80c31bh 等 , 其基本组成、 性能和基本教学制度 , 都是一样的 . 8051 通常是 51 系列的代表。An one-chip computer system is made up of several following part

2、s: ( 1) One microprocessor of 8 (CPU). ( 2) At slice data memory RAM (128B/256B),it use not depositting not can reading /data that write, such as result not middle of operation, final result and data wanted to show, etc. ( 3) Procedure memory ROM/EPROM (4KB/8KB ), is used to preserve the procedure ,

3、 some initial data and form in slice. But does not take ROM/EPROM within some one-chip computers, such as 8031 , 8032, 80C ,etc. ( 4) Four 8 run side by side I/O interface P0 four P3, each mouth can use as introduction , may use as exporting too. ( 5) Two timer / counter, each timer / counter may se

4、t up and count in the way, used to count to the external incident, can set up into a timing way too, and can according to count or result of timing realize the control of the computer.( 6) Five cut off cutting off the control system of the source . ( 7) One all duplexing serial I/O mouth of UART (un

5、iversal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) ), is it realize one-chip computer or one-chip computer and serial communication of computer to use for. ( 8) Stretch oscillator and clock produce circuit, quartz crystal finely tune electric capacity need outer. Allow oscillation frequency as 12 mega

6、hertas now at most. Every the above-mentioned part was joined through the inside data bus .Among them, CPU is a core of the one-chip computer, it is the control of the computer and command centre, made up of such parts as arithmetic unit and controller , etc. The arithmetic unit can carry on 8person

7、s of arithmetic operation and unit ALU of logic operation whileincluding one, the 1 storing device temporarilies of 8, storing device 2 temporarily, 8's accumulation device ACC, register B and procedure state register PSW, etc. Person who accumulate ACC count by 2 input ends entered of checking

8、etc. temporarily as one operation often, come from person who store 1 operation is it is it make operation to go on to count temporarily , operation result and loopback ACC with another one. In addition, ACC is often regarded as the transfer station of data transmission on 8051 inside . The same as

9、general microprocessor, it is the busiest register. Help remembering that agreeing with A expresses in the order. The controller includes the procedure counter , the order is depositted, the order decipher, the oscillator and timing circuit, etc. The procedure counter is made up of counter of 8 for

10、two, amounts to 16. It is a byte address counter of the procedure in fact, the content is the next IA that will carried out in PC. The content which changes it can change the direction that the procedure carries out . Shake the circuit in 8051 one-chip computers, only need outer quartz crystal and f

11、requency to finely tune the electric capacity, its frequency range is its 12MHZ of 1.2MHZ. This pulse signal, as 8051 basic beats of working, namely the minimum unit of time. 8051 is the same as other computers, the work in harmony under the control of the basic beat, just like an orchestra accordin

12、g to the beat play that is commanded.There are ROM (procedure memory , can only read ) and RAM in 8051 slices (data memory, can is it can write ) two to read, they have each independent memory address space, dispose way to be the same with general memory of computer. Procedure 8051 memory and 8751 s

13、lice procedure memory capacity 4KB, address begin from 0000H, used for preserving the procedure and form constant. Data 8051- 8751 8031 of memory data memory 128B, address false 00FH, use for middle result to deposit operation, the data are stored temporarily and the data arebuffered etc. In RAM of

14、this 128B, there is unit of 32 byteses that can be appointed as the job register, this and general microprocessor is different, 8051 slice RAM and job register rank one formation the same to arrange the location. It is not very the same that the memory of MCS-51 series one-chip computer and general

15、computer disposes the way in addition. General computer for first address space, ROM and RAM can arrange in different space within the range of this address at will, namely the addresses of ROM and RAM, with distributing different address space in a formation. While visiting the memory, correspondin

16、g and only an address Memory unit, can ROM, it can be RAM too, and by visiting the order similarly. This kind of memory structure is called the structure of Princeton. 8051 memories are divided into procedure memory space and data memory space on the physics structure, there are four memory spaces i

17、n all: The procedure stores in one and data memory space outside data memory and one in procedure memory space and one outside one, the structure forms of this kind of procedure device and data memory separated form data memory, called Harvard structure. But use the angle from users, 8051 memory add

18、ress space is divided into three kinds: (1) In the slice, arrange blocks of FFFFH , 0000H of location , in unison outside the slice (use 16 addresses). (2) The data memory address space outside one of 64KB, the address is arranged from 0000H 64KB FFFFH (with 16 addresses ) too to the location. (3) D

19、ata memory address space of 256B (use 8 addresses). Three above-mentioned memory space addresses overlap, for distinguishing and designing the order symbol of different data transmission in the instruction system of 8051: CPU visit slice, ROM order spend MOVC , visit block RAM order uses MOVX outsid

20、ethe slice, RAM order uses MOV to visit in slice.8051 one-chip computer have four 8 walk abreast I/O port, call P0, P1,P2 and P3. Each port is 8 accurate two-way mouths, accounts for 32 pins altogether. Every one I/O line can be used as introduction and exportedindependently. Each port includes a la

21、tch (namely special function register ), one exports the driver and a introduction buffer . Make data can latch when outputting, data can buffer when making introduction , but four function of passway these self-same. Expand among the system of memory outside having slice, four port these may serve

22、as accurate two-way mouth of I/O in common use. Expand among the system of memory outside having slice, P2 mouth see high 8 address off; P0 mouth is a two-way bus, send the introduction of 8 low addressesand data / export in timesharing8051 单片机有 4 组并排的 8 位 I/O 口，叫做 P0, P1, P2 和 P3.每一个端口都是 8 位准双向口，共占

23、 32 根引脚。每个 I/O 线路都可以被用做输入和输出口。每个端口都包括一个锁存器（即专用存储器） ，一个输出驱动器和输入缓冲器。 是数据在输出时能被锁存， 当执行输入时数据能缓存，但是他们四个通道的功能相同。Output grade , P3 of mouth , P1 of P1 , connect with inside have load resistance of drawing , every one of they can drive 4 Model LS TTL load to output. As while inputting the mouth, any TTL or

24、NMOS circuit can drive P1 of 8051 one-chip computers as P3 mouth in a normal way . Because draw resistance on output grade of them have, can open a way collector too or drain-source resistance is it urge to open a way, do not need to have the resistance of drawing outerly . Mouths are all accurate t

25、wo-way mouths too. When the conduct is input, must write the corresponding port latch with 1 first . As to 80C51 one-chip computer, port can only offer milliampere of output electric currents, is it output mouth go when urging one ordinary basing of transistor to regard as, should contact a resistan

26、ce among the port and transistor base , in order to the electricity while restraining the high level from exporting P1P3 Being restored to the throne is the operation of initializing of an one-chip computer. Its main function is to turn PC into 0000H initially , make the one-chip computer begin to h

27、old the conduct procedure from unit 0000H.Except that the ones that enter the system are initialized normally,as because procedure operate it make mistakes or operate there aren't mistake, in order to extricate oneself from a predicament , need to be pressed and restored to the throne the key re

28、starting too. It is an input end which is restored to the throne the signal in 8051 China RST pin. Restore to the throne signal high level effective , should sustain 24 shake cycle (namely 2 machine cycles ) the above its effective times. If 6 of frequency of utilization brilliant to shake, restore

29、to the throne signal duration should exceed 4 delicate to finish restoring to the throne and operating. Produce the logic picture of circuit which is restored to the throne the signal:Restore to the throne the circuit and include two parts outside in the chip entirely. Outside that circuit produce t

30、o restore to the throne signal (RST ) hand over to Schmitt's trigger, restore to the throne circuit sample to output , Schmitt of trigger constantly in each S5P2 , machine of cycle in having one more , then just got and restored to the throne and operated the necessary signal insidly. Restore to

31、 the throne resistance of circuit generally, electric capacity parameter suitable for 6 brilliant to shake, can is it restore to the throne signal high level duration greater than 2 machine cycles to guarantee. Being restored to the throne in the circuit is simple, its function is very important. Pi

32、eces of one-chip computer system could normal running,should first check it can restore to the throne not succeeding. Checking and can pop one's head and monitor the pin with the oscillograph tentatively, push and is restored to the throne the key, the wave form that observes and has enough rang

33、e is exported (instantaneous), can also through is it restore to the throne circuit group holding value carry on the experiment to change.（ 2）In the industrial control application（ 3）In the Appliance of Household appliancesIt can be said that the appliances are basically using SCM,praise from the el

34、ectric rice, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, color TV, and other audio video equipment, to the electronic weighing equipment, varied, and omnipresent.（ 4 ） In the field of computer networks and communicationsapplications（ 5）Microcomputer in the field of medical device applications

35、 MCU in the use of medical devices is also quite extensive, suchas medical respirator, the various analyzers, monitors, ultrasound diagnostic equipment and hospital beds, etc. call system.（ 6）In a variety of major appliances in the modular applications Designed to achieve some special single specifi

36、c function to bemodular in a variety of circuit applications, without requiring the use of personnel to understand its internal structure. If music integrated single chip, seemingly simple function, miniature electronic chip in the net (the principle is different from the tape machine), you need a c

37、omputer similar to the principle of the complex. Such as: music signal to digital form stored in memory (like ROM), read by the microcontroller, analog music into electrical signals (similar to the sound card).In large circuits, modular applications that greatly reduce the volume, simplifies the cir

38、cuit and reduce the damage, error rate, but also easy to replace.（ 7 ） Microcontroller in the application field of automotive equipment译文51 系列单片机的功能和结构结构和功能的监控监 -51 系列之一 - 计算机芯片监控监 -51 名是一幅一个电脑晶片 , 英特尔公司生产系列 . 这家公司推出 8 级一个计算机芯片监控监 -51 系列之后 , 于 1980 年 8 引入一个计算机芯片监控监, 于 1976 年 48 系列 . 。它属于这一类型很多行一个芯片的

39、电脑芯片都如 8051、8031、8751、80c51bh,80c31bh 等, 其基本组成、性能和基本教学制度 , 都是一样的 . 8051 每日代表 -51 系列之一 - 电脑晶片有一个芯片的计算机系统是由以下几个方面 : (1)18 微处理器 (CPU).(2) 在切片数据存储羊 (128B/256B), 使用可以不读书不数据写如因经营不中 , 最后结果要和数据显示等 . (3) 存储器存储程序 / 可擦写可编程只读存储器 (4KB/8KB), 用于保存程序和数据 , 初步形成片 . 但并不存储器 / 可擦写可编程只读存储器在一些人的电脑芯片, 如 8031、8032、80c 等. （4

40、) 经营的 84 并肩一 / 四 OP0P3接口 , 每口可以用作介绍 , 也可以用作输出 . (5) 两个定时 / 柜台 , 每个计时器 / 柜台可设立和计算的方法 , 用来计算的外部事件 , 可以建立成一个时间的方式也可以和根据计算结果或时间实现控制的计算 ( 六) 五切断切断源头上控制系统 . ( 七) 各一序 I/O 口 UART(异步接收世界 / 发送 (UART), 它是实现一个计算机芯片和一个计算机芯片和通讯系列电脑上使用.(8) 强、时钟振荡器电路生产、水晶石英细调需要外部电容 . 为使振动频率目前最 . 每上述地区内的数据是通过加入单片机 .8051 年 1-48 芯片计算机

41、与我走 / 澳港 , 要求 P0、P1、P2 和 P3. 每个港口 8 准确双向口 , 共占 32 别针 . 每一个我 /O 线可作为引进和输出独立 . 每个港口有门闩 ( 即登记特殊功能 ) 、驾驶人、出口实行缓冲 .可当门闩使 outputting 数据 , 数据可以缓冲时推出 , 但这些四个功能自我同一 . 在扩大对外开放具有时代记忆系统 , 这四个港口可准确双向口一 /O 共同使用。在扩大对外开放具有时代记忆系统 , 高 8P2 口地址见客 . P0 口是一个双向车采用 8 送数据低地址 / 出口 Timesharing在 8051 年的巡回一个计算机芯片和四个一 /O 港口很巧妙的设

42、计 . 熟悉我 / 港澳逻辑电路 , 不仅有利于正确、 合理地使用港口、 激励周边逻辑电路设计的一个计算机芯片有所提高 . 负载能力和接口港口有一定的要求 , 因为产量等 ,P0 和 P1 口的最终产量、 P3 口的结构 , 在不同的年级 , 所以 , 负载能力和接口要求其门南辕北辙相处 . 不同于其他 P0 口口 , 其产量即将年级抵抗 . 。在使用它的嘴巴 , 用共同使用 , 是生产事故等级亮起电路 , 它是利用 NMOS呼吁采取抵制外 , 应同时输入 ,走出失败 .当被用作介绍 , 应该写 " 一 " 的门闩头 .每一个有能驾驶8P0 口输出模式 LSTTL载荷 .

43、P1 口是一个正确的双向口也作为我/ 海外广泛使用 . P0 口不同产量的电路 , 请联系电力负荷就在有阻力 . 事实上 , 反抗是两种影响 , 同时负责操作 :1 配量负责 , 定期阻力 . 另一种可能是导致这两个国家与接近 , 使总经理改变阻值近似零或一组值两形势十分沉重 . 0 时, 大约是反抗 , 可以寄以很高的速度 ; 如果阻值很大,P1 口, 以妨碍国家引进高 . P1口高产量的电力平时 , 它是利用电流负载提供庇护 , 以此抵制和不必回答 . 在这里介绍的是用作码头 , 必须写 1 到相应的门闩头也使操作结束。相对约20,000ohms 因负载阻力, 因为在现场 40,000oh

44、ms, 不会产生影响的数据 , 输入 . P2 口的结构有些类似于 P0 口有开关 . 这是促使口腔类似 , 但有些不是嘴巴大转换控制 P1. P3 口人的多功能港口 , 嘴也越来越多 ,P1 比" 、"3 和 4 缓冲门 ". 这两个部分 , 使她除了精确的双向功能与 P1 口仅 , 也可以使用第二功能每针 . " 、" 一门三转功能实际上 它决定将产量数据信号门闩第二产出功能 . 在担任 W=1时, 问到生产信号 ; 作为在 Q=1 时,信号线可以生产 W. 节目时 , 它是第一个功能 , 但仍是第二个功能不用软件 P3 口提前成立 . 这

45、不是硬件是在自动有两个功能 outputted 当CPU进行社会主义和寻求地点 ( 所在地或字节 ) 访 P3口/ 不是在持久排队, 有在硬件门闩促使 =1.THE 经营原则 P3 口类似于 P1 口.生产级的 P3 口,P1,P1, 内有连接负载阻力划 , 每个人可以带动 4产出模型 LSTTL载荷 . 而作为输入口 , 任何 NMOS电路可驱动 TTL 或 P1 的 8051 一个电脑芯片 P3 口的正常发展 . 由于产量等作出抵抗的人, 也可以公开方式收藏或流失的根源就是反抗的方式 , 要求公开 , 不须具备抵抗绘画 . 别人都准确双向口也 . 当行为投入 , 要写出一首相应的港口与门闩

46、 . 以 80c51 一个计算机芯片 , 只能提供港口毫安的电流电产出 , 它是生产口去要求一个普通的计算是将晶体管、接触的阻力应该在港口及半导体基地 同时为了抑制高电力输出 P1P3级是恢复王位是一个着手运作一个计算机芯片 . 其主要功能是将电脑变成0000h 开始 , 使一个开始进行计算机芯片进行程序0000h 单位 .除了那些进入正常initialized系统 , 因为它的程序操作失误或操作失误不多 , 为了摆脱困境 , 必须按国家和恢复王位, 恢复太重要了 .这是一项投入恢复王位 , 结束了在 8051 年中国信息表寄 . 恢复王位高有效信号 , 应保持 24 震撼周期 ( 机器周期 ,2) 有效时间段 . 6 如果使用频率前去辉煌 , 恢复王位信号完成期限不得超过 4 微妙的王位 , 恢复营业 . 逻辑电路生产情况 , 恢复王位的信号 :恢复王位的电路两部分组成 , 包括外部的芯片完全 .