十、非谓语动词doc

1、7、独立结构，在句中作插入语。常用的有： worse 十、非谓语动词非谓语动词有三种形式：动词不定式、分词、动名词一、动词不定式【要点点拨】动词不定式表现为两种形式：to do 或 do，在句中可作：1、主语：To build the bridge needs much money.一般用It 作形式主语放在句首，把不定式短语放于句末。It doesn t make any difference whether you go today or tomorrow.2、表语：Their task is to build a railway in a year.3、宾语：The child pret

2、ended to be sleeping / asleep when I came back home.注意：当不定式作宾语，其后接补语时，我们常用it 作形式宾语，把不定式宾语放于补语之后。We think it possible to finish the work in a week.4、定语：表示一个未发生的动作，放于被修饰的名词之后。The building to be built will be used as a hospital.5、状语： 1）目的状语：常见形式有：to . / in order to . / so as toWe got up early in order

3、to catch the first bus.2）结果状语：常见形式有：too . to / so .as to . / only to .Would you be so kind as to help me with my English?He returned home 15 years later, only to find his house burnt down.6、补语： 1）宾补：He asked me to do work with him.2）主补：She was often heard to sing the song while doing housework.to te

4、ll the truth , to be frank , to make things二、分词：【要点点拨】分词可分为：现在分词和过去分词两类。现在分词 : 现在分词和现在分词短语在句中可作：1、定语：单个的现在分词作定语一般放于被修饰的名词前，现在分词短语作定语应放被修饰的名词后，现在分词及现在分词短语作定语时均可以发展为一个定语从句。The girl reading over there (The girl who was reading over there) soon fell asleep.2、状语：现在分词作状语可分为：一般式 (doing)：表示分词动作与谓语动作同时发生；完成式

5、 (having done)：表示分词动作发生于谓语动作之前。The old man passed away, leaving a lot of debts unpaid.Having finished (After he had finished) his exercises, he went to play basketball.3、补语：现在分词作宾语补语，表示宾语的一个正在进行的动作，用于一些常见句型中:see / hear / feel / notice / have / catch / leave / set / send . sb. doing sth.The salesman

6、caught the thief stealing in the shop.4、表语：现在分词作表语，表示主语的特点，可以看作形容词，是形容词化的现在分词。The film was very interesting.5、独立结构：现在分词短语作独立结构时，是固定说法，不以主动、被动去分析。常见的有： generally speaking, judging from/by, consideringGenerally speaking, he is quite skillful at playing table tennis.过去分词：过去分词和过去分词短语在句中可作：1、定语：单一的过去分词作定

7、语一般放于被修饰的名词前，过去分词短语作定语放于被修饰的名词后，过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以发展为一个定语从句。The broken window (The window which was broken) will be replaced soon.The books bought yesterday ( which were bought yesterday) are of high quality.过去分词短语作定语有三种时态： done.：表示动作已发生； to be done：表示动作将要发生； being done：表示动作正在发生。对比以下三句：The bridge bui

8、lt last year (which was built last year) is very beautiful.The bridge to be built next month (which will be built next month) will be very long.The bridge being built (which is being built) will be completed next month.2、状语：过去分词短语作状语可分为：一般式(done)：表示分词动作与谓语动作同时发生或分词动作发生于谓语动作前；完成式 (having been done)：强

9、调分词动作发生于谓语动作之前。Scolded ( As she was scolded) by the teacher, the girl sat there without lifting her head.Having been kept (As he had been kept) in prison for many years, he went mad.3、补语：过去分词作宾语补语，表示宾语与补语存在被动关系，且常用于have somethingdone / get something done / make oneself done等句型中。.e.g. Yesterday he ha

10、d his watch fixed at the watch- maker s.4、表语：过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态，且该状态通常是由外界因素引起的。这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词，是形容词化的过去分词。e.g. I m interested in reading novels written by Jin Yong.注：分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语，如果分词的逻辑主语并不是主句的主语，而另有其逻辑主语，则应在分词前补上其逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。独立主格结构相当于一个状语从句。e.g. The baby sleeping (As the baby was sleepin

11、g)in the room, we dared not turn up theTV .三、动名词【要点点拨】动名词是由动词后+ing 的形式构成的，与动词的现在分词同形。它保留了动词的特征，即：它可以带自己的宾语和状语，又具有名词的特征。1、主语：Studying English well is no easy job.注意： 1)在下面一些结构中，常用it 作形式主语，将用作真实主语的动名词放于句末。It is no use / no good / useless / nice / good / fun / interesting It s good hearing Chinese, my

12、mother tongue, spoken here. .+ doing sth.2)动词不定式作主语和动名词作主语的区别：动词不定式作主语表示一个具体的动作，而动名词作主语则表示一个抽象的、一般的概念。Reading English in the morning is of great use for students.To read this English book will take much time.2、表语：动名词作表语是对句子主语的一种说明，主语和动名词可以交换位置，句子的意思不变。这有别于进行时：进行时句中用的是现在分词，表示主语的一个正在进行的动作，主语与现在分词不能交换位

13、置。What he likes most is playing football. = Playing football is what he likes most.He is playing football with his friends.3、宾语：动名词作宾语，表示一种习惯、爱好。He likes smoking while I like drinking.注意：动词不定式作宾语，表示一个具体的动作，不表示习惯。I like smoking, but I don t like to smoke today, for I ve got a cold.有些动词后面不用不定式作宾语，而只用动

14、名词作宾语，请记住以下口诀：memepscarfi: 音译成：妹妹不吃咖啡。 这里每个字母代表一个或几个单词： m-miss e-enjoy ; m-mind ;e-escape; p- practise; s- suggest / stand; c- consider / complete; a-admit / allow /advise / appreciate / avoid; r- risk; f- finish ; i- imagine ，常用的词都列在里面了。I highly appreciate your helping the old lady.动名词还作介词宾语。I don

15、t feel like going to the station to meet the guests.4、定语：动名词作定语，放于被修饰的名词前，表示该的名词的功能，并不表示动作。e.g. a sleeping bag = a bag for sleeping/anoperatingtable=atableforoperating区别：现在分词作定语，表示被修饰的名词的一个动作。e.g. a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping/the running car = the car that isrunning另： 1) 动名词的复合结构（one sdoin

16、g）：表示动名词动作的发出者，在句中可作主语和宾语。动名词的复合结构作宾语时，可以用宾格代替所有格。e.g.We like Tom s (Tom) singing the English song.The little boy s crying drew our attention.2) 有些动词后面既可跟动词不定式，又可跟动名词作宾语，注意它们的不同意思。doing sthto do sthremember记得做过某事， （动作已发生）记得去做某事（动作未发生）forget忘了做过某事（动作已发生）忘了去做某事（动作未发生）regret后悔过去做过的事遗憾地去做事mean意味着做某事意欲、打

17、算做某事try试着做某事（看会发生什么）努力、设法、企图做某事stop停止做某事停下来去做另一事go on继续原来的事接着做另一件事can t help禁不住、情不自禁地做某事无法帮助去做某事learn学会做某事学着、开始学做某事need/ 某事需要被做（ = to be done）需要做某事（主动意思）want/require【各个击破】1. At the shopping center, he didn t know what _ and _ with an empty bag.A. to buy ; leaveB. to be bought ; left C. to buy ; left

18、 D. was to buy ; leave2. The long and tiring talk, filled with arguments and quarrels, ended in disorder, _ no agreement at all.A. arrivingB. arrived atC. reachingD. and getting to3. Do you know the difficulty he had _ five children at school?A. to keepB. to have keptC. keepingD. having kept4. Let m

19、e tell you something about my Chinese teacher. I remember _ about her yesterday.A. tellingB. being toldC. to tellD. having told5. Having no money but _ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner. A. not to want anyone B. wanted no one C . not wanting anyone D. to want no one6. The old lady n

20、eeded _ as she was in her 80s.A. to look afterB. looking afterC. look afterD. being looked after7. Why are you always making me drink milk? _ enough calcium for you to grow tall and strong.A. GetB. To getC. GettingD. To be getting8. Many students _ around, I explained the story into details.A. stood

21、B. standingC. to standD. were standing9. He has few friends and never mind _ alone, playing by himself.A. leavingB. havingC. to be leftD. being left10.I explained the theory as clearly as possible, _ to make it easy _ .A. hope ; to understandB. hoped ; understoodC. hoping ; to understandD. to hope ;

22、 to be understood11.The students listened carefully, with their eyes _ the blackboard.A. fixing atB. fixed atC. fixing onD. fixed on12._ to go with the others made him rather disappointed.A. His not allowedB. His not being allowed C. Nothis allowing D. Having not beenallowed13.I was very poor when young and had no toys _ .A. to playB. to pl