钢桥赛题翻译

1、MISSIONThe mission of the Student Steel Bridge Competition (SSBC) is to supplement the education of civil engineering students with a comprehensive, student-driven project experience from conception and design through fabrication, erection, and testing, culminating in a steel structure任务学生钢桥比赛（SSBC）

2、的任务是一个全面的，完全由学生设计的工程实践经历，从构思设计，到建造到测试，到最终建成一个符合用户具体要求并具有良好表现thatmeetsclientspecificationsand和性的钢桥。通过这个比赛来对土木工optimizes performance and economy. TheSSBC increases awareness of real-world程的教学做一个补充提高。SSBC 增加了现engineeringissuessuchasspatial实中对于工程问题的认识，比如空间限制，constraints, material properties, strength,se

3、rviceability, fabrication anderection材料特性,强度，适用性，制造和架设过程，processes,safety,aesthetics,project安全，美观和成本等。在这样一个校际竞赛management,andcost.Successin想要获取需要高效的团队合作也是和inter-collegiatecompetitionrequiresapplication of engineering principles andtheory, and effective teamwork. Future engineers are stimulated to in

4、novate,项目管理能力。未来的工程师需要有创新意识，实践专业化，并且可以合理高效地利用practiceprofessionalism,anduse结构钢。structural steel efficiently.欢 迎WELCOMEASCE and AISC support and encourage the equitable opportu for participation by all interested and eligible individuals in the Student Steel Bridge Competition without regard to race,

5、 ethnicity, religion,ASCE 和 AISC 在学生钢桥比赛中给所有感以及符合资格的参赛者提供平等的参赛机会，无论什么种族，无论，性取向，国籍，身体状况。age,gender,sexualorientation,nationality, or physical challenges. Bridgeteams should be inclusive and open and参赛队伍应该对所有感并符合要求的fairtoallinterestedandeligible学生提供平等公开的参加机会。participants.主办者SPONSORSOrganizing sponsors

6、 of the Bridge Competition are学生钢桥比赛的主办方有Student Steell美国钢结构设计（AISC）lAmericanInstituteofSteell美国土木工程师（ASCE）Construction (AISC)American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)l协办方有Co-sponsors arel美国钢铁（AISI）lAmerican Iron and Steel(AISI) Bentley Systems, Inc.Institutel奔特力系统软件公司lCanadianInstituteofSteell钢结构设

7、计（CISC）Construction (CISC)DS Solid Works Corp.lDS SolidWorks Corp.llJamesF.LincolnArcSteelWeldingBridgelJamesF.LincolnArcWeldingFoundationNationalAlliance (NSBA) Nucor CorporationFoundationlll钢桥（NSBA）SteelStructuresEducationl尼尔森螺柱焊机公司Foundation (SSEF)l钮合钢铁公司l钢结构教育（SSEF）TABLE OF CONTENTS目录1. Introduc

8、tion2. Executive Summary 3.Problem Statement 4.Eligibility5. Safety6. Scoring7. Schedule of Competition 8.Dimension and Support Specifications9.Material and Component Specifications 10.Construction Regulations11. Load Test Instructions12. Equipment Provided by Host13. Interpretation of Rules 14.Judg

9、ing15. Appeals16. Index of Definitions引言摘要问题陈述参赛资格安全评分竞赛日程和支座材料说明12345678910 搭建规则11 加载测试12 主办方提供设备13 规则说明14 评分标准15 呼吁16 定义索引附录地址和桥梁示意图加载示意图APPENDIXSite and Bridge Diagram Loading DiagramsAny revisions to the rules in thisdocument are incorporated in clarifications that are published at the任何对于这份文件中的

10、规则的修订会将会在钢桥竞赛的bridge competition web site,.上发布的.Revisions and clarifications do not appear in this document but are considered formal addenda to the Rules.对规则的进一步解释中体现这些修订和解释虽然没有在本文提到，但会被看做规则的补充。第 1 节Section 1INTRODUCTIONStudents design and ere引言teel bridgeby themselves but may seek advice fromfacul

11、ty and student organization advisers.学生设计并建造一座钢桥，但是可以向学生组织或学院寻求建议和帮助。Students gainum benefit if theyfabricate the entire bridge themselves.However, because appropriate shop facilities and supervision are not available at all universities, students may use the services of a commercial fabricator prov

12、ided that they develop the work orders and shop drawings, and observe the operations. Students are encouraged如果学生完全设计建造会获得最大的收获。然而有些设备设施和监管可能不是每个大学里面都可以提供，所以学生可以使用商业制造商提供的服务，但是学生要设计施工图以及安排工作计划，并观察制造过程。我们鼓励学生最大化的参toize their involvement infabrication.与到制作中去。安全是第一位的。AISC 和 ASCE 要求Safety is of primary

13、importance. AISC andASCE request that competitors, advisers, hosts, and judges take all necessary precautions to prevent injury to参赛者，指导，主办，和裁判尽可能地采取措施防止参赛者，裁判，主办competitors, judges, hostspectators.nel, and和观众的受伤。这份文件描述了整个竞赛内容，并This document describes the competition说明了将会在 2014 年举办的会议和and statescond

14、ucted conference availablethe rules for competitionsduring2014atbothIt is at级 别 的 竞 赛 规 则 。 这 份 文 件 在andnationallevels.上面可以, together到，连同对规则的修改解释还有其他withrevisions,clarifications,other信息，以及请求主办方对规则解释的申请information, and the form for submittingrequests for clarifications. Information at this site takes

15、 priority over any other source except as noted herein.表格。此上的信息优先于其他任何来源。规则每年对会改变，以提高竞赛质量，The rules are changed every year toenhance the competition and ensure that competitors design and build new bridges. The rules are intended to be prescriptive but may require some interpretation. The procedure

16、for requesting clarification of the rules is described in section 13, “Interpretation of Rules.”确保参赛者设计建造全新的桥。规则都是惯例，但是也需要一些更深入的解释。请求对规则进行解释的步骤将会在第 13 部分“规则解释”中说明。Competitors, judges, and hostnel竞赛者，裁判，主办方要从头到尾把规areencouragedtoreadthisRules则文件认真读完，然后去参看竞赛指南document thoroughly from beginning toend an

17、d then review the Competition. 这个也是打Guide at. That site分表格的来源。在竞赛之前，裁判要熟悉这also is the source of the official scoringspreadsheet which generates forms for recording data. Judges should be familiar with these forms prior to the competition.些表格学生钢桥竞赛规则委员会成员有：Members of the Student Steel BridgeRules Com

18、mittee arelMichaelF.Engestrom,TechnicalMarketing Director, Nucor-Yamato SteelNancy Gavlin, S.E., P.E., Director of Education, AISClMichaelMarketing SteelF.Engestrom,TechnicalDirector,Nucor-YamatollNancy Gavlin, S.E., P.E., Director ofEducation, AISClJenniferGreer-Steele,ASCElJenniferGreer-Steele,ASC

19、ECommittee on Student ActivitiesCorresponding MemberFrank J. Hatfield, P.E., Professor Emeritus, Michigan State University John M. Parucki, Structural Steel ConsultantCraig E. Quadrato, P.E., Director, Civil Engineering Design Group, UnitedStates Military AcademyBrian Raff, Marketing Director, NSBAl

20、lCommittee on Student ActivitiesCorresponding MemberllFrankJ.Hatfield,P.E.,ProfessorlEmeritus, Michigan State UniversityJohnM.Parucki,StructuralSteel ConsultantCraig E. Quadrato, P.E., Director, Civil Engineering Design Group, United States Military AcademyBrian Raff, Marketing Director, NSBA Don Se

21、pulveda, P.E., Executive Officer, Regional Rail, Los AngelesCounty Metropolitan TransportationlllllllllDonSepulveda,P.E.,ExecutiveOfficer, Regional Rail, Los AngelesCounty Metropolitan TransportationllAuthorityPingWei,AuthorityPing Wei, Director of Educational Activities, ASCEllDirector ofEducationa

22、lActivities, ASCE第 2 节摘要Section 2EXECUTIVE SUMMARYCivil Engineering students are challenged to an inter-collegiate competition that includes design, fabrication, and construction of a scaled steel bridge.Participating students apply engineering principles and theory, and gain practical experience in

23、 structural design, fabrication processes, construction planning, organization, project management, and teamwork.参加这个校际比赛的土木工程学生需要设计，建造，组装一个按比例缩小的钢桥。参赛学生将在结构设计建造，组织，项目管理，团队合作过程中获得实际经验。The rules of the competition simulate arequest for proposal that requires a scaled竞赛的规则模拟一个招标方案的要求，mto demonstrate t

24、he efficacy of需要一个缩放的模型来说明实际的效率。第competing designs. Section 3,“Problem Statement,” relates the rules to realistic challenges encountered in bridge design and construction.三部分“问题陈述”把规则和一个现实中遇到的桥的设计建造问题结合在一起。Standards for strength, durability,constructability, usability, functionality, and safety refl

25、ect the volumes ofrequirements that govern the design and construction of full-scale bridges. Criteria for excellence are represented by the award categories of stiffness, lightness, construction speed, display, efficiency, and economy. Competition judges and the Rules Committee take the role of the

26、owner and have the authority to accept and reject entries.强度，耐久性，可建造性，使用性，功能性体现了竞赛各个方面各方面的规定。各种类别的奖项，刚度，重量，建造速度，外观，效率和性是对出色设计的肯定，竞赛裁判和规则委员会利接受或者拒绝条款。最终解释归他们所有。参赛者，裁判，主办方，观众的安全是The safety of competitors, judges, hostnel, and spectators is paramount.Risky procedures are prohibited. Load testing is sto

27、pped if sway or deflection建造过程中最重要的。如果侧移或挠度超过了最大的限制，或者在裁判看来即将倒塌，exceeds specified limits, or if collapse isdeemed imminent in the opinion of the judges. Bridges that cannot be constructed and loaded safely are withdrawn from competition. In addition, the rules identify and penalize construction erro

28、rs that represent accidents in full-scale construction那么加载必须停止。不能建造并且安全的承受加载的桥都将被淘汰。另外，规则里面提到的并且将予以处罚建造中的犯规，如果在实际建造中都可能酿成事故。The rules of the competitionaccommodate a variety of designs and allow innovation. Designers must consider carefully the comparative advantages of various alternatives. For exa

29、mple, a truss bridge may be stiffer than a girder bridge but slower to construct. Successful teams analyze and compare alternative designs prior to fabrication using value analysis based on scoring criteria.竞赛规则容许不同类型的设计和创新。设计者们必须仔细考量不同方案的各自优势。例如，桁架桥刚度优于梁桥，但建设速度相对较慢。的团队应在建造前，基于评分标准分析比较不同设计的总体价值。学生钢桥

30、竞赛给予学生们了设计和建The Student Steel Bridge Competitionprovides design and construction planning设的经验，提供了学习组织施工过程的experience, an opportuto learn机会，带来了结识并与其他大学和学院学生fabrication procedures, and theexcitement of networking with and competing against students from other colleges and universities.同台的兴奋与刺激。第 3 节问题

31、陈述Section 3PROBLEM STATEMENTThe eighty-year old timber trestle that carries a spur of the NE&SW railroad over the Spodumene River is essential for transporting ore from United Voltaics lithium mine but has deteriorated beyond repair and must be replaced. A continuous supply of lithium is vital t

32、o production of batteries for hybrid electric vehicles.Disruption of ongoing railroad activities must be minimized, and bridge construction completed expeditiously within a limited time window. Therefore, the contract demands Accelerated Bridge使用已达八十年的木栈桥，横跨于锂辉石河上，上架有东北西南的铁是从伏达克州开采的锂矿石要道，但损伤难于修复，只得重

33、新修建。中断铁路影响必须缩减到最小，桥梁施工需在给定工期内迅速完成。因此,该合同要求桥梁建设局（ABC）相关技术Construction (ABC) methodsNE&SW specifies steel because it supportsfast erection and reduces mobility impacts, all of which are essential to ABC. Steels durability and high level of recycled content also contribute to exceptional sustainabi

34、lity. The high strength to weight ratio of steel assures an efficientstructure, and prefabricated elements and systems (PBES) help to reduce construction time and expedite ABC.NE&SW 指定钢材，因为对 ABC 来说快速建设是必须的，因为钢的耐用性和可再造性有助于钢的可持续性。钢的高强度重量比保证一个高效结构，预制的甲板也可符合ABC 要求。美国的自然管理局批The state Department of Na

35、turalResources will not approve permanent piers in the river and requires adequate clearance under the bridge to accommodate extreme high water.However, barges and a temporary pier will be permitted during construction.准在河里搭建性码头，并且桥下需要适当的空隙来容纳情况下的高水位。然而,施工期间驳船和临时码头是被的。Location and size of the stagin

36、g area arerestricted by topography, and dimensions and weight of equipment and transported material are limited by the narrow railroad cut.工地的位置和受地形限制，设备的、重量、以及的材料受限于狭长的铁路隧道。The scope of the bridge contract does notinclude deck panels or removal of the timber trestle. The new bridge will rest on exi

37、sting footings.钢桥建设合同范围并不包括桥面板的搭建和木栈桥的拆除。新的桥梁将架设在现有的基础上。Your companys proposal is among thosethat NE&SW deems responsive, and winning the contract would establish your team as a leader in Accelerated Bridge Construction technologies. Eachcompeting firm is requested to submit a对于你的设计/建造建议建造经理会回应你

38、，如果赢得合同将会在成为短跨桥市场龙头的道路上更进一步。每一个参加竞标的1:10 scale mconcept. Mto demonstrate itss will be erected under公司需要提交一个 1:10 的模型来说明它的设计理念。模型要在模拟的场地条件下建造simulated field conditions and will betested for stability, strength, and serviceability using standardized lateral组装并进行加载测试。建造经理以及由咨询and vertical loads. NE&

39、;SW engineers will工程师组成的评审小组将会从多方面评判judge the ms by multiple criteria模型，包括模型的耐久性，可建造性，使用including durability, constructability,usability, stiffness, construction speed, efficiency, economy, and attractiveness. The contract will be awarded to the性，刚度，建造速度，效率，性和外观。合同将会给予模型最好的符合要求的公司。company whose msat

40、isfies specified任何企图通过躲避规则上所表达的竞赛设requirements and best achieves projectobjectives. Any attempt to gain advantage by circumventing the intent of thecompetition as expressed by the Rules, including this Problem Statement, will be计，包括问题陈述中所说的，都将成为取消模型以及公司竞标资格的理由。grounds for rejecting the mandterminati

41、ng the companys eligibility.Section 4ELIGIBILITY第 4 节参赛资格4.1 LEVELS OF COMPETITIONS4.1 竞赛等级There are two levels of competition:conference and national. Conference competitions are held in conjunction with ASCE annual student conferences.Outstanding performance in conference competitions qualifies el

42、igible teams for the national competition.竞赛有两个等级：研讨会级别和级。研讨会的竞赛将会和 ASCE 每年的学生研讨会议相结合举办。4.2 CONFERENCE COMPETITIONS4.2 会议级竞赛4.2.1 一所高校只能有一座桥参加 ASCE 学生研讨会的竞赛，一所高校只ASCE 的学生研讨会。4.2.1 Only one bridge per college oruniversity may compete in an ASCE student conference, and a college or university may comp

43、ete in only one ASCE student conference.4.2.2 The ASCE student organization thatis hosting a conference may invite guest teams, which are teams from colleges or universities that do not have ASCE student organizations, or from official ASCE student organizations that are assigned to different confer

44、ences. Conference4.2.2 主办ASCE 学生组织可以邀请客队，即来自没有 ASCE 学生组织的高校的代表队，或者来自属于不同研讨会的官方 ASCE 学生组织，会议的分配在 ASCE上面列出来了。assignments are listed in the ASCE OfficialRegister aticial-Register/.4.2.3 A team shall consist only ofundergraduate and graduate students in good standing with their ASCE student organization

45、 during all or part of fall through spring of the current competition academic year. This requirement is waived for guest teams.4.2.3 参赛队的队员必须是本科或并且在当地的 ASCE 学生组织中有良好的口碑。对于客队来说这些要求可以不适用。4.2.4 The official scoring spreadsheet shallbe used, and all teams (including guest teams) shall be listed on that

46、 spreadsheet. The official scoring spreadsheet may be评分表将会在竞赛中被采用，所4.2.4有参赛队（包括客队）将会被列在表上。官方评分表在.可以downloaded from.到。4.2.5 The host student organization shallpromptly submit the completed official scoring spreadsheet for a conference competition to ssbc.results. Teams from that conference will not b

47、e invited to the National Student Steel Bridge Competition (NSSBC) until the spreadsheet is received and eligibility is confirmed.4.2.5 主办比赛的学生组织要及时把比赛所用 的 完 成 了 的评 分 表 发到 邮 箱ssbs.results 中去，直到收到评分表，否则从那个研讨会来的参赛队将不允许参加级钢桥比赛。4.3级比赛4.3. NATIONAL COMPETITION4.3.1 A team is not eligible to be invited to

48、compete in the NSSBC if it is4.3.1 如果一个参赛队有如下几点，将没有资格参加级竞赛(1) a guest team as defined in 4.2.2, or(2) from an organization that is not in good standing with ASCE, or(3) from an organization that has not satisfied ASCE requirements regarding participation in its conference, or(4) ruled to be ineligib

49、le to complete its（1）在 4.2.2 中定义的客队（2）来自在 ASCE 中口碑不好的组织（3）来自不满 ASCE 对于竞赛参赛者要求的组织conference competition.（4）在研讨会级别的竞赛中没有按照规定完成比赛。ASCE requirements for good standing andfor conference participation are reprinted in 4.4 but are subject to change.ASCE 对于良好口碑以及参加会议的要求在 4.4 中被陈述，但是可以改变。4.3.2 Theum number o

50、f eligible4.3.2 从一个研讨会中被邀请参加级竞teams from a conference that will beinvited to compete in the NSSBC is based on the number of teams at that conference that competed (that is, presented bridges and staged them for timed construction) but not including guest teams as defined in 4.2.2.赛的参赛队的最大数量取决于在那个研讨会

51、议中完成比赛（指在规定的建造时间内弯沉建造并展示桥的队伍）但是不包括 4.2.2中所说的客队。（1）如果研讨会比赛中有 2,3 或 4 支非(1) Only the single best scoring eligibleteam will be invited from a conference in which two, three or four non-guest teams competed.(2) The two top scoring eligible teams will be invited from a conference in which five to ten non

52、-guest teams competed.(3) The three top scoring eligible teams will be invited from a conference in which eleven to nineteen non-guest teams competed.(4) The four top scoring eligible teams will be invited from a conference in which twenty or more non-guest teams competed.客队完成比赛，那么只有在会议级比赛中成绩最好的那只符合

53、资格的队伍将会被邀请参加级比赛（2）如果研讨会比赛中有 5-10 支非客队完成比赛，那么只有在会议级比赛中成绩最好的两支符合资格的队伍将会被邀请参加级比赛（3）如果研讨会比赛中有 11-19 支或的非客队完成比赛，那么在会议级比赛中成绩最好的前三个符合资格的队伍将会被邀请参加级比赛（4）如果研讨会比赛中有 20 支或的非客队完成比赛，那么在会议级比赛中成绩最好的前四个符合资格的队伍将会被邀请参加级比赛4.3.3 Teams are not invited to compete inthe NSSBC as guests.4.3.3 作为客场参赛队是被邀请参加NSSBC 竞赛的4.3.4 每所学

54、院或者大学只有一座桥有可能4.3.4 Only one bridge per college oruniversity may be entered in the NSSBC. Bridges may be modified in preparation for NSSBC.进入 NSSBC 比赛。在准备 NSSBS 的过程中，桥梁设计是可以进行改进的。4.3.5 A team shall consist only of ASCEnational members of any grade who were students during all or part of the academic

55、year leading up to the NSSBC.4.3.5 一个团队应仅由 ASCE成员组成，他们在准备 NSSBC 的整个学年或者部分学年中为有成绩的学生。4.4 ASCE NATIONAL COMPETITIONELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS资格的竞争要求4.4 ASCEASCE 对于良好的信誉以及研讨会参加ASCE requirements for good standing andfor conference participation, as they existed in July, 2013, are reprinted in this sub-section (4.4) but are subject to change. The current version is at者的要求出现在 2012 年 7 月，在 4.4 分项中会被重新印出，并且可能会改变。现在的版本在.ASCE 有单独的职权部门来决定或者执行这ASCE has sol