英语语法精讲精练：第2讲 现在完成时

1、.第2讲：如今完成时如今完成时的定义： 如今完成时表示过去的动作对如今造成的影响；而与一般过去时相比，一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比较:The plane has arrived. 飞机已经来了.说明如今的情况,飞机在这儿.The plane arrived an hour ago. 飞机是在一小时前抵达的强调动作发生的时间.如今完成时的构造：肯定句:主语have/has过去分词doneLily has returned from America.变否认句在have/has后面加not主语have/hasnot+过去分词doneLily has not returned from A

2、merica.变一般疑问句将have/has移到句首主语have/hasnot+过去分词doneHas Lily returned from America?肯定答复及否认答复：Yes，she has./ No， she hasnt.变特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句特殊疑问词how/what/why/when/wherehave/has主语过去分词done Where has Lily returned from? 如今完成时的用法：在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与如今完成时连用的几个副词：already，just，ever，yet，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，

3、ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否认句中。如： I have already finished my homework我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English song？你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ They haven't started yet他们还没有动身。 We have never heard of it我们从来没有听说过这件事。1如今完成时用来表示如今之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和如今有联络,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响如今还存在. I

4、have spent all of my money.含义是:如今我没有钱花了. Michael has been ill.含义是:如今仍然很虚弱 He has returned from abroad. 含义是:如今已在此地 2如今完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开场，一直持续到如今。如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be在等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：

5、arrivebe here beginstartbe on die be dead come backbe back leave be away fall illsick,asleepbe illsick,asleep get upbe up go out be out finish be over put on wear 或be on open be open join be in或 be a member of close be closed go to schoolbe a student borrow keep buy have catcha cold havea cold get t

6、o know know begin to studystudy come to workwork等如： He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开场非常钟了。 We have studied English for three years. 我们开场学英语已三年了。 注：瞬间动词即一个动作在瞬间便可完成，如buy, die, join, lose不能直接与for， s

7、ince 连用。要改变动词 1have代替buy My brother has had不能用has bought this bike for almost four years. 2用keep或have代替borrow I have kept不能用have borrowed the book for quite a few days. 3用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday

8、. 5用wear代替put on have put on have worn 6用“be形容词 代替瞬间动词 beasleep代fall get asleep have come/gone back/returned have been back have come/gone out have been out have closed / opened have been close/open have got up have been up； have/has gone to have been in have joined/have taken part in the league/the

9、 Party/the armyhave been a member of/ have been in/have been the Partys member/the league member/the soldier3 have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法 1. havehas been in 意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如： Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。 They have been in Canada for fiv

10、e years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。 2. havehas been to意为“曾经去过某地，表示如今已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用。如： I've just been to the post office. 我刚刚去邮局了。 Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。 3. havehas been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。如： I've been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。 They have been to that village

11、several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。 4. havehas gone to 意为“到某地去了，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如： Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？ He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。 如今完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对如今造成的影响或结果。如： Have you read that story？你读过那个故事吗？“读这一动作发生在过去，对如今造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。 I have bought two apples 我买了两个苹果。

12、 “买这一动作发生在过去，对如今造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。 动词过去式,过去分词不规那么变化 cut割 cut cut let让 let let put放 put put read 读 read read become变成 became become come来 came come run跑 ran run get得到 got got hold抓住,举办 held held sit坐 sat sat win 赢 won won meet遇见 met met keep 保持 kept kept sleep睡 slept slept feel感觉 felt felt smell闻 smelt s

13、melt leave分开 left left lend借出 lent lent spend花费 spent spent lose 丧失 lost lost learn学习 learnt learnt catch抓住 caught caught teach教 taught taught bring带来 brought brought buy买 bought bought think想 thought thought hear 听见 heard heard sell卖 sold sold tell告诉 told told say说 said said find找到 found found have

14、/has有 had had make制造 made made stand站 stood stood understand明白understood understood begin开场 began begun drink喝 drank drunk sing 唱 sang sung swim游泳 swam swum blow吹 blew blown draw 画 drew drawn fly飞 flew flown grow生长 grew grownknow知道 knew known throw投掷 threw thrown show出示 showed shown break打破 broke br

15、okenchoose选择 chose chosen forget忘记 forgot forgotten forgot eat吃 ate eaten fall落下 fell fallen give给 gave given take取 took taken ride骑 rode ridden write写 wrote written do做 did done go去 went gone see看见 saw seen wear 穿 wore worn be am, is, are 是was, were been如今完成时练习题及答案一、翻译以下句子：你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？ 2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书

16、。 3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。 4. 他已经吃过午饭 5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ 6. 我哥哥还没回来。7.这本字典我已买了三年了。 8.他分开中国三年了。 9.我认识他们五年了。 10.他们已去了美国五年了。 11.自从他搬到济宁，他就住这儿了。 12.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。 13.自从2019年以来他们就认识。14.我来到这个学校已3年多了。二、用since和for填空1._two years 2._two years ago3._last month 4._ 20195._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock7 4 hours 8._an hour ago_we

17、 were children 10._ lunch time11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.三、完毕性动词转换为以下延续性

18、动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。 arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there1 He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for .2 I moved to the USA in 2019. I the USA since .3 I went home yesterday. I home for .4 They came here

19、last week. They _ here since _. come to / go back to / return to be back to go out be out1 He came out two years ago.He _ for _.2 We return to Beijing yesterday.We _ _ to Beijing since _. become be1 I became a teacher in 2019. I _ a teacher for _.2 The river became dirty last year. The river _ _ dir

20、ty for _ _. close be closed open be open1 The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ for _.2 The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours. get up be up； die be dead； leave sp. be away from sp.fall asleep / get tot sleep be asleep； finish / end be over；marry be married；1 I got

21、up two hours ago.I _ _ _since _.2 He left Shanghai just now.He _ _ _ Shanghai for five minutes.3 My grandpa died in 2019.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4 The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5 I got to sleep two hours ago .I _ _ _ since _ _.6 They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _.

22、start / begin to do sth. do sth. ；begin be on1 I began to teach at this school in 2019. I _ _ at this school since _.2 The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow keep； lose not have ；buy have ；put on wearcatch / get a cold have a cold； get to know know1 They borrowed it last week

23、. They _it since _.2 I bought a pen two hours ago. I _a pen for _.3 I got to know him last year. I _ him since _.4 I put on my glasses three years ago. I _ my glasses for _.have / has gone to have been inHe has gone to Beijing.He _ Beijing for two days. join the league / the Party / the army be a le

24、ague member /a Party member / a soldier be a member of the league / the Party be in the league / the Party / the army1 He joined the league in 2019.He _ a _ for two years.He _ a _ the _ for two years.He _ the league for two years.2 My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _a _ for _ _.My

25、brother _ in _ for two years.四、划线提问1 I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _ ?2 My father has lived here since 2019._ _ _ your father _ _?3 He left here yesterday._ _ he _ _?4 They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book五、用havehas been 或havehas gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Haina

26、n Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once.六、用have / has be

27、en to / in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。1 Where is Jack? He _ his country.2 David _ the park just now.3 John _ England since he came back.4 How long _ they _ this village?5 The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6 _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.7 I _ this school since three years ago.8 Where i

28、s Jim? He _ the farm.9 When_ he _? He _ an hour ago.10 Would you like to _ to the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before.11 Where _ you _ now? - I _ to the zoo.12 He often _ swimming.13 _ you _ there last year?14 _ they often _ skating in winter?七 用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空1. I

29、have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film? “No, I have _ seen it.5. “Has the bus left _? “Yes, it has _ left.八. 用适当的时态填空：1.Shes _ live here ever since she was ten.2.Both of th

30、em _ be in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ come to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ pass since the train _ leave.5. Mary_lose her pen. _ you _see it here and there?6. _ you _ find your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty? -No I _just _ have some orange.8. We - already _ return the book.9. _

31、they _ build a new school in the village?10. I _not finish my homework . Can you help me?11. My father _ read the novel twice.12. I _ buy a book just now.13. I _ lost my watch yesterday.14. My father _ read this book since yesterday.如今完成时态练习题答案一翻译以下句子：1. Have you ever had / eaten fish and chips?2. I

32、 have just lost my chemistry book.3. I have never been to the farm before.4. He has already had lunch = He has had lunch already.5. Have you seen the movie yet?6. My brother hasnt come /get / been back yet = My brother hasnt returned yet.7. I have had this dictionary for three years / since three ye

33、ars ago.8. Has been away from China for three years.9. I have known them for five years.10. They have been in the USA for five years.11. He has been here since he moved to Jining.12. My sister has been a college student for three years = My sister has been in college for three years.13. They have kn

34、own each other since 2019.14. I have been in this school for over three years.二、用since或者for填空1. for 2. since 3. since 4. since 5. since6. since 7. for 8 since 9.since 10. since11. since 12.since 13. since 14.for 15.for16. since三、完毕性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语 1. has been in , five minutes 2. have bee

35、n in , 2019 3. have been at, two days 4. have been , last week 1. have been out, two years 2. have been back , yesterday 1. have been , nine years 2. has been , two years 1. has been closed , two hours 2. has been open 1. have been up , two hours ago 2. has been away from 3. has been dead , seven years 4. has been over 5. have been asleep , two hours ago 6. have been married , 1990 1. have taught , 2019 2. has been on , two minutes 1. have kept , last week 2. have had , two hours 3. have known , last years 4. have worn , three years has been in has been , League member has been ,