专题+11+备战2022高考英语外刊时文热点阅读理解+（系列十一）.docx

1、备战2022高考英语外刊时文热点阅读理解（系列T2022年1月）文章1：全球首个可繁殖机器人问世！文章2：高中生疫情期间自立自强文章3：昆曲表演艺术家王芳文章4：汤加火山爆发（一）全球首个可繁殖机器人问世！数十亿年来，生物体为了延续生命，已经进化出多种繁衍方式。近日，美国的科学家们利用非洲爪蟾的胚胎干细胞，创造了有史以来第一个可自我繁殖的活体机器人。该机器人未来或可为外伤、先天缺陷、癌症、衰老等提供更直接、更个性化的药物治疗。阅读短文并回答问题Topersist,lifemustreproduce.ScientistsattheUniversityofVermont,TuftsUniversi

2、ty,andtheWyssInstituteforBiologicallyInspiredEngineeringatHarvardUniversityhavediscoveredanentirelynewformofbiologicalreproductionandappliedtheirdiscoverytocreatethefirst-ever,self-replicating（自我复制的）livingrobots.NamedXcnobotsaftertheAfricanclawedfrogfromwhichscientiststaketheirstemcells,themachinesa

3、relessthan0.04incheswidesmallenoughtotravelinsidehumanbodies.Theycanwalkandswim,surviveforweekswithoutfood,andworktogetheringroups.Theyevenhaveregenerativecapabilities;whenthescientistsslicedintoonerobot,ithealedbyitselfandkeptmoving.TheXenobotscouldpotentiallybeusedtowardahostoftasks.Xenobotscouldb

4、eused（ocleanupradioactivewasteandcollectmicroplasticsintheoceans.SomeXenobotshadholesintheircenter,whichcouldpotentiallybeusedtotransportdrugsormedicines.Traditionalrobots"degrade（降解）overtimeandcanproduceharmfulecologicalandhealthsideeffects,Mresearcherssaidinthestudy,whichwaspublishedintheProc

5、eedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Asbiologicalmachines,Xenobotsaremoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandsaferforhumanhealth.Asidefromtheseimmediatepracticaltasks,Xenobotscouldalsohelpresearcherstolearnmoreaboutcellbiologyopeningthedoorstofutureadvancementinhumanhealthandlongevity.Whiletheprospectofself-

6、replicatingbiotechnologycouldsparkconcern,theresearcherssaidthatthelivingmachineswereentirelycontainedinalabandeasilydestroyed,astheyarebiodegradableandregulatedbyexperts."Therearemanythingsthatarepossibleifwetakeadvantageofthiskindofplasticity（可塑性）andabilityofcellstosolveproblems,MsaidJoshuaBo

7、ngard,oneof（heleadresearchersat（heUniversityofVermont.1. Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"regenerative"underlinedinparagraph2?A. Fightingdisease.B. Replacingoldcells.C. Sclf-cIcaningregularly.D. Recoveringandgrowingagain.2. WhatcanwelearnaboutXenobotsfromparagraph3?A. Theycanbewidelyapplied

8、tocuringdiseases.B. Theycanservewelltheresearchonhumanhealth.C. Theyarespeciallydesignedtocollectradioactivewaste.D. Theyareharmlesstotheenvironmentbydegradingplastics.3. WhatisBongard'sattitudetowardstheself-replicatingbiotechnology?A. Doubtful.B. Positive.C. Indifferent.D. Ambiguous.4. Whatdoe

9、sthetextmainlytalkabout?A. Theinventionofthefirstself-reproductionrobots.B. Anapplicationofamachineinmedicine.C. Thetrendofdevelopingbiotechnology.D. AnexperimentonAfricanclawedfrogs.【参考答案】：DBBA【单词】1. persistv.维持；继续存在longevityn.长寿2. sparku引发biodegradableadj.可生物降解的【短语】stemcells干细胞1. sliceinto切成ahosto

10、f许多2. radioactivewaste放射性废弃物asidefrom除以外【长难句】Whiletheprospectofself-rcpiicatingbiotechnologycouldsparkconcern,theresearcherssaidthatthelivingmachineswereentirelycontainedinalabandeasilydestroyed,astheyarebiodegradableandregulatedbyexperts.分析："Whiletheprospect.couldsparkconcem,为让步状语从句；"that

11、thelivingmachines.andregulatedbyexperts"为宾语从句，其中，"astheyare.byexperts"为原因状语从句。译文：虽然自我复制生物技术的前景可能会引发人们担忧，但研究人员表示，这些活体机器完全被控制在实验室中，很容易被摧毁，因为它们是可生物降解的，并且由专家进行监管。【知识拓展】cellbiology细胞生物学，是研究和揭示细胞基本生命活动规律的科学，它从显微、亚显微与分子水平上研究细胞结构与功能，例如细胞增殖、分化、代谢、运动、衰老、死亡，以及细胞信号转导，细胞基因表达与调控，细胞起源与进化等重大生命过程。（二）高

12、中生疫情期间自立自强新冠疫情不仅对人们的身心健康造成了威胁，同时对世界经济也造成了重创。作为社会中的一部分，许多家庭正在遭受疫情带来的各种冲击，艰难度日。美国的一位高中生在面临疫情带来的种种困扰时，没有气馁，而是用自己的力量支撑自己的家庭，同时回馈社会。阅读短文并回答问题MariaandherparentsmovedtotheUSfromBraziloneyearbeforethepandemic（流行病）.Bettereducationopportunitieslayahead,andtheywereexcitedtogetMariaintoanAmericanhighschooltopre

13、pareforcollege.Eachparentgotajob,andMariastartedstudying.Shealsosignedupforaserviceclubbecauseshewantedtomeetpeople,practiceherEnglishandbeapartofthecommunity.t4Ilovetoserve,"Mariasays."Ithinkitismythank-youfbrtheopportunitiesIhave."Sheworkedatthelocalfoodbankwithotherkidsofherage,org

14、anizingbagsforfamilieswhowerehavingahardtimemakingendsmeet.Butwhenthepandemichit,shefoundherselfatthefoodbankforanotherreason:tobringhomegroceriestoherparents."Wcwereallshockedwhenmymotherlostherjob.Myfriendsatthefoodbankgotmethroughit,"Mariasaid.Luckily,herfatherkepthisjob.Andwithclassesm

15、ovingonline,Mariawasabletosecureafull-timejobanddoherclassworkatnight.Threeofhercourseswerecollegeprepclassesthatdemandedalotofwork.Duringhersenioryear,Mariaworked40-hourweeksandstudiedevenmore.Yet,inhersparetime,shepackedfoodbagsforothersbeforetakinghershome.Justbeforegraduation,Mariacameintothefoo

16、dbank.Oneofthevolunteersstartedgettingabagreadyforher.Tdon'tneedonetoday,"Mariasaid."Mymothergotajob.I'mheretohelp."Mariasupportedherfamilyforeightmonths.Shegraduatedontimeandgotscholarshipoffersfromthreedifferentcolleges.Shemovedtoparl-timeworkandhascompletedherfirstsemestero

17、fcollege.1. Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellus?A. WhenMariadecidedtogototheUS.B.HowMariamanagedtogetajob.C.WhyMariajoinedtheserviceclub.D.WhatMariadidtohelpherfamily.2.WhatallowedMariatoworkfulltimeduringthepandemic?A.Leavingthefoodbank.C.Takingcoursesonline.3. Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A. Mari

18、a'sgreateffortspaidoff.B. Mariadoesverywellincollege.C. Marialikesdoingpart-timejobs.D. Maria'sfamilygaveherlotsofhelp.4. WhatgoodqualitiesdoesMariahave?A.Loyalandreliable.C.Ambitiousandcreative.B.Thehelpfromherfriends.D.Thesupportfromherparents.B.Diligentanddedicated.D.Justandknowledgeable.

19、【参考答案】:CCAB【单词】semestern.学期【短语】signup报名参加makeendsmeet收支相抵（三）昆曲表演艺术家王芳王芳，两度摘得中国戏剧梅花奖，还获得了文华表演奖，是当代昆曲艺术的代表性人物。在数十年的坚持与守望中，她见证了昆曲这一现存的中国最古老的剧种之一的艺术的衰微、复苏与再度繁荣。让我们一起来看看这位艺术家的故事吧！阅读短文并回答问题WangFang,aSuzhounative,hasgivenherheartandsoultoKunquOpera.Wang,whohastwicewonthePlumPerformanceAwardChina'stopaw

20、ardfbrtheaterandoperaperformancesstartedtolearnthetraditionaliirtformin1977.Bornwithamelodicvoice,Wanglovedtosinganddancewhenshewaslittle.Sheperformedfrequently,andwasrecruitedbytheSuzhouKunquOperaTroupe（剧团）whenshewasinmiddleschool.However,herparentsrefusedthetroupe'sinvitation,insistingthatshes

21、houldconcentrateonherstudiesandnotdropoutofschool.Aftermembersofthetroupevisitedtheparentsrepeatedlyandshowedgreatsincerity,Wang'sparentsfinallyagreed.Learningthetraditionalartformwasnevereasy.Shestartedtolearnhowtopronouncewords,singthemlyricallyandmakegesturesgently.Asanactressplayingmartialar

22、tistsrolesatfirst,shehad（ospendextratimepracticingkungfumovements.Yearslater,Wangusedtheword"unimaginable"todescribehowhardthedayswerewhenshefirstlearnedKunqu.Shewassoakedinsweatwhenpracticingmovementsinsummer,whileinwintersheoftenhadchilblains（冻疮）onherhandswhentraininginshabbyclassroomswi

23、thbrokenwindows."ButIwasyounganddeterminedatthetime.Nomatterhowdifficult,Ialwaysgotupearlythenextmorningtopractice/*Wangrecalls.WangsaysshedidnotloveKunquatfirst,butinherearly20s,whenshewatchedtheshowPeonyPavilionperformedbyZhangJiqing,amasteroftheartform,itclicked.t4Iwasshocked,''Wangs

24、ays."Hereverymovementwasfullofeleganceanddelicacy.Eachofherlinesandsongswasperfect.Iwasoverwhelmed（难以禁受）bythebeautyofKunquforthefirsttimeinmylife,andithasstayedwithmesince."Now,WanghasherselfbecomeamasterofKunqu.Herperformanceshaveimpressedgenerationsofaudiencesandhelpedtopromotetheartform

25、amongyoungpeople.1. WhydidWang'sparentsturndownthetroupe'sinvitationatfirst?A. Theydidn'tthinkWanghadartistictalent.B. TheysawnofutureinlearningKunquOpera.C. Theydidn'twantWangtoignoreherstudies.D. Theyregardedmembersofthetroupeasinsincere.2. Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytellus?A. Wanghas

26、madegreateffortstolearnKunquwell.B. Artistsshouldbegivenmoreattentionandcare.C. Traditionalcultureneedstobefurtherpromoted.D. WanghasplayedakeyroleinthedevelopmentofKunqu.3. WhatchangedWang'sattitudetowardsKunquOpera?A. WinningthePlumPerformanceAward.B. JoiningtheSuzhouKunquOperaTroupe.C. Watchi

27、ngZhang'smasterlyperformance.D. Beinggreatlyadmiredbytheaudiences.4. WhatdoesWang'sstoryshowus?A. Itisnevertoolatetolearn.B.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.C.Doingisbetterthansaying.D.Don'tjudgeabookbyitscover.【参考答案】：CACB【单词】1. recruitv.吸收（新成员）soakv.浸泡；浸湿；浸透；湿透【短语】concentrateon集中时间做某事1. dropoutofs

28、chool退学martialartist武术家【知识拓展】KunquOpera昆曲，原名“昆山腔"，是中国古老的戏曲声腔、剧种，现又被称为“昆剧昆曲是汉族传统戏曲中最古老的剧种之一，被称为百花园中的一朵“兰花"。昆曲发源于14世纪中国的苏州昆山，后经魏良辅等人的改艮而走向全国，自明代中叶以来独领中国剧坛近300年。昆曲在2001年被联合国教科文组织列为“人类口头和非物质遗产代表作PlumPerformanceAward中国戏剧奖梅花表演奖是中国戏剧表演艺术最高奖，每两年一评，旨在表彰在表演艺术上取得突出成就的中青年戏剧演员。1. PeonyPavilion牡丹亭是明代剧作家

29、汤显祖的代表作，描写了杜丽娘与柳梦梅的爱情故事，体现了青年男女对自由爱情生活的追求。牡丹亭几乎成为昆曲之代名词一昆腔巍然曲宗，牡丹艳冠群芳，不到园林，怎知春色如许？（四）汤加火山爆发南太平洋曲国汤加于1月14口、15口连续两天发生剧烈火山喷发。火山喷出的气体、烟雾和灰烬像核爆蘑菇云一样从蓝色的太平洋海域升起，直冲天际。由于互联网和通讯网络全部中断，汤加长时间处于“失联”状态，目前无法报告详细的伤亡人数。阅读短文并回答问题ThePacificislandofTongawasstruckbyhugevolcanicexplosiononJanuary15,2022,whichwasfollowed

30、byatsunami（海啸）thatfloodedtheregionsofthecapital,Nukualofa.Witnessesreportedashwasfallingoverthecapital,andsocialmediaimagesshowedwaterfloodingintoachurchandmanyresidences.Localresidentshadtofleetohighergroundwhenthetsunamiwarningwasissued.ThecapitalofTongaisaround65kilometresnorthofthevolcano.Thevol

31、cano'splumesofgas,smoke,andashstretched20kilometresintothesky,accordingtoTongaGeologicalServices.AccordingtoauthoritiesinSuva,theeight-minuteeruptionwassopowerfulthatitcouldbeheardas“loudthundersounds'5morethan500milesaway.StormsurgeshavebeenpredictedinNewZealand,whichismorethan2300kilometre

32、sawayfromTonga.Internetandphonelineswentdownaftertheviolentvolcaniceruption,leaving（he105,000residentsontheislandsalmostuncontactablc.AllcommunicationtotheoutsideworldinTongaisaffectedduetodamagetotheunderseacable（电缆）.DigiceLaJamaicanphonecompanythatpartlyownstheTongaCableSystem,saidthatitmighttake2

33、4hourstorestoretheimportantcommunicationslinkbeforeitcouldprovideanupdateonwork.Thecompanysaiditwasworkingurgentlywithlocalauthoritiesto“resolvethedamage",addingthatitsdomestic（国内的）mobilephonetowerswereoperatingacrossthemainislandofTongatapu.NewZealandPrimeMinisterJacindaArdernsaidthattheNewZea

34、landgovernmenthasmadeaninitialsumof340,000dollarsavailabletoprovideassistancetoTonga.AnAustralianAirForceP8PoseidonaircraftalsoreachedTongaonJanuary17.Meanwhile,ChineseForeignMinistryspokespersonsaidthatChinaiscloselywatchingthevolcaniceruptionsandthedisastersincludingtsunamiandvolcanicashinTonga,an

35、dstandsreadytoprovideeverypossiblesupportandassistanceatTonga'srequest.1. Whatwastheimpactofthetsunami?A. Anactiveunderseavolcanoerupted.B. Manypeoplewereinjuredinthedisaster.C. Localresidentswereforcedtomoveaway.D. ThecapitalofTongawascompletelyflooded.2. Whatarethefiguresinparagraph2mainlyabout?A. Thereasonforthevolcanicexplosion.B. Theenormouslossescausedbythedisaster.C. Theseriousairpollutionduetovolcanicash.D. Thewidespreadeffectof