高大上英国历史74FeudalEngland

1、Feudal England (4)Feudal England (4)Chapter 7 HistoryChapter 7 History * LOGO Beginning of the Parliament The Great Charter was signed in 1215, but King John had no intention to abide by his promiseHe knew the only way out for him was to fight，for there was no room for compromiseHe hired some mercen

2、ary soldiers to starta warBut he was defeated and soon he died * LOGO Henry III EraThe Barons showed their power by drawing up the Provisions of Oxford. Henry capitulated; he was forced to acquiesce to the setting up of a Council of Fifteen, with himself as a first among equals. When the king later

3、tried to reassert his authority, the barons once again rebelled. Under de Montfort, they captured Henry, and set up de Montfort as temporary ruler. His son，a nine-year-old boy，was put on the throne as Henry IIIAfter coming of age，Henry III desired to take over the power and rule the kingdom in his o

4、wn wayHenry III * LOGOGreat Council to ParliamentUp to that time，there had been the Great Council composed of nobles and clergymen exclusivelyNow Simon and his supporters decided to make some changes in the organization of the Great CouncilIn1265, in addition to the nobles and prelates，two simple kn

5、ights from each county and two citizens from each of the more flourishing towns were summoned to join the Great Council.They were plain people without noble titlesThe Great Council thus got the new name Parliament * LOGOEdwardHenrys son Edward raised an army.At the decisive battle of Evesham in 1265

6、, he defeated de Montfort to restore Henry, who enjoyed his last few years in peace. He was especially gratified at the completion of Westminster Abbey and the reburial of the remains of Edward the Confessor there. * LOGOThe Hundred Years War (13371453) The Hundred Years War was a conflict between F

7、rance and England, lasting 116 years from 1337 to 1453. It was fought primarily over claims by the English kings to the French throne and was punctuated by several brief and two lengthy periods of peace before it finally ended in the expulsion of the English from France. The term Hundred Years War w

8、as a later historical term invented by historians to describe the series of events. * LOGOThe impact of this warPolitical Changes Economic ChangesSocial ChangesDecline of Feudalism1234 * LOGOThe impact of this warPolitical Changes 1234During the Hundred Years War England underwent important politica

9、l, economic and social changesPolitically,the parliament divided into three parts：a House of Commons, a House of Lords，and a small permanent council which later became the cabinet * LOGOThe impact of this warEconomic Changes1234In economy，Englnd became more a manufacturer of cloth and less a mere pr

10、oducer of raw woolBy the 1 5th century England was supplying most of her own needs and beginning to export cloth abroad * LOGOThe impact of this warSocial Changes1234After losing their territory on the Continent，the ruling Normans began to regard England as their home and think of themselves as belo

11、nging to the English nationBy the end of the 14th century，the English language was reestablished as the official language and the French language was no longer used in daily lifeThe dual - linguistic period in English history came to an end * LOGOThe impact of this warDecline of Feudalism1234The war

12、 also sped up the decline of feudalism in EnglandMilitarily, it saw the introduction of new weapons and tactics The first standing armies in Western Europe since the time of the Western Roman Empire were introduced for the war Feudalist separation was becoming impossible and this was to the advantag

13、e of commercial development * LOGOThe Black Death (1348)The Black Death, or Black Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history. It began in South-western or Central Asia and spread to Europe by the late 1340s and broke out in England in August 1348. The Black Death killed 1.5 m

14、illion people out of an estimated total of 4 million people between 1348 and 1350. * The War of Roses (14551485) 布衣公子Teliss Two years after the ending of the Hundred Years War with France, England was thrown into another series of civil wars, the Wars of the RosesWith King Richard II being deposed i

15、n 1399, the Plantagenet Dynasty split in two lines, the House of Lancaster, whose badge was a red rose, and the House of York, whose badge was a white rose. Between 1399 and 1461, England was ruled by Kings from the House of Lancaster (Henry IV, Henry V and Henry VI ) The Yorkists drew most of their

16、 support from the progressive South，The war was in form a battle between rival gangs of nobles. But in nature it was a war between the commercial-minded gentry in the South and the backward landowners in the North and West Supporting the Lancastrians were the nobles of the Scottish and Welsh borders

17、 the most backward feudal elements in the countryIn 1455，the duke of York tried to displace the Lancaster king，Henry VI，and the Wars of the Roses broke out. LOGOThe War between backward north and progressive south * LOGOThe Ending of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the modern world3The Wars of the Roses lasted thirty years