语法系列复习专题四

1、冠词篇一、a与one的对比1. 尽管a和one这两个在意义上有些相似，但它们几乎不能互换使用。2. 在连续记数时，习惯上，用 one而不用a。3. 在名词前使用one往往表示数量上的对比。4. 用在某些固定词组中。e.g. all of a sudden （突然），as a matter of fact （事实上），in a hurry，in a word， do sb. a favour; pay a visit to,a hand of（少量的）,a length of（ 根、一段），a variety of （种种），a depth of（深度为），an article of（ 件），a

2、 total of （总共），an average of （平均），one by one, one after ano the，one day二、不定冠词的基本用法1. 具有泛指的概念，表示“一类”或“其中的一个”。2. 初次提到某人或某物。3. 速度、比率、价格等，其意义相等于one或everyo4. 用在某些物质名词前，该物质名词便具体化了。a coffee, a heavy rain5. 用在某些抽象名词前，该抽象名词前便具体化了。He has a kno wledge of chemistry. The get-together was a great success.6. 用在专有名

3、词前，表示类似的一个或某一个。He is a Kong Fansen. A Mrs Smith wishes to speak to you.7. 表示“同一个”的意思。The two boys are of an age.These umbrellas are of a （=the same） colour and size.8. 不定冠词的特殊位置：how/so/as/too+形容词+不定冠词+名词so kind a man = such a kind mantoo difficult a book三、定冠词的主要用法1. 表示特指和第二次提到的人或物。2. 表示世界上独一无二的事物。3.

4、 用在序数词、形容词最高级前面。4. 用在江河湖海、山脉、群岛、海峡、沙漠等地理名词前。5. 用在形容词或过去分词前表示一类人。6. 用在表示国家和民族的形容词前表示泛指该国的人民。7. 用在姓氏的复数前，表示该夫妇俩或全家人。8. 乐器、通讯设备前一定要加定冠词。9. 用于某些缩略词之前。the PRC10. 用在表示发明物的单数可数名词之前。11. 固定搭配。in the morning on the other hand四、不用冠词的几种情况1. 季节、节日、星期、三餐等之前，一般不加冠词。the Spring Festival （除外）2. 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所

5、有格等限定词修饰时，一 般不加冠词。3. 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加。4. 球类、棋类、学科等名称前，一般不加冠词。5. 称呼、头衔、职务等表示抽象性质的名词前，不加冠词。6. 在与by连用交通工具名称前不加冠词。7. 在turn，go （变成、成为）变成后面的名词做短语时，名词前不加冠词。但 become后面的名词前一定要加冠词。8. 在一个以“普通名词+as”所引导的让步状语从句中，该普通名词前不加冠词。9. 泛指复数名词前不用冠词。10. 固定搭配。in debt，in good （bad） health, in good con diti on， in

6、great dema nd, in great n eed o， in time of dan ger，in office （就职），in honour of，in trouble （difficulty） ，in favour of，with an ger， in gen era，in size， in character （在性格上），in sight，in （out of） order，on bus in ess on holiday， on leave, on watch, on fire, heart and soul, knife and fork, at sea husband

7、and wife brother and siste, from morning till night , on horseback五、特殊情况1. 部分词组中有冠词和没有冠词其含义不同。一般说来，名词前 无冠词，则表示抽象意义；名词前有冠词，则表示具体意义。out of problem （不成问题）,out of the problem （不可能）,take place take the place of, in hospital, in the hospital, at table, at the table, in front of, in the front of, three of

8、us, the three of us, on earth, on the earth, of age （成年）,of an age （同 岁数）,lose colour （脸色苍白）,lose the colour （褪色），2. 有些诉组中用定冠词the还是不定冠词a，意义不同。a nu mber of the nu mber of3. 注意当单数可数名词被so、as、how、too等词修饰时，冠词的位置要放在形 容词后面。比较such。4. 注意习惯用法。在某些词组、成语中，名词前不用冠词。六、表示类别的三种情况1. 定冠词+单数可数名词（用特指的那一类事物代表一类事物）。2. 不定冠词

9、+单数可数名词（用“任意一个”“某一个”所具有的特性、特征表示一类事物）。3. 可数名词复数或不可数名词，指“类别”。（考虑到同一类中的各个情况）。 专题练习冠词1. Jump ing out ofairpla ne at ten thousa nd feet is quiteexcit ingexperienee. （2002全国高考题）A. /; theB./; anC.a n; anD.the; the_2. There' sdictio nary ondesk by your side. （2003北京春季高考题）A.a; theB.a; aC.the; aD.the; the

10、3. An accident happened atcrossroads a few meters away frombank. （2003上海春季高考题A.a; aB./; aC./; theD.the; /4. The warmth ofsweater will of course be determined by the sort ofwool used.A.the; theB.the; /C./; theD./; /5. Mr.Li will give ustalk.talk will begin at 8:00.A.a; TheB.the; AC./; /D.a; A6. The s

11、un gives usheat andlight.A.the; theB.a; aC.a; theD./; /7. What do you n eed in dinner?I n eed.A.a knife and a forkB.a kn ife and forkC.the kn ife and forkD.the kn ife and the fork8. Mrs.Smith is wait ing for you in your office.A.TheB.AC.O neD./9.She' s onPeople s Daily.A.theB.a nC.aD./10.Ein ste

12、 ins could not pay foradva need educatio n that young Albertn eeded.A.The; theB.A; aC.A n; theD.The; an11.She isn eweomer tochemistry but she has already made someimporta nt discoveries.A.the; theB.the; aC.a; /D.a; the12. Where is Jack?I think he is still inbed, but he might be inbathroom.A./; /B.th

13、e; theC.the; /D./; the13.1 don' t like talki ng onteleph on e; I prefer writi ngletters.A.a; theB.a; /C.the; theD.the; /14. Ma ny people are still inhabit of writ ing silly things inpublicplaces.A.the; theB./; /C.the; /D./; the15. If you don ' t like the red coat, take the blue one.OK, but d

14、o you havesize in blue? This one is a bit tight for me.A.a bigB.a biggerC.the bigD.the bigger16.1 heard somebody play ingpia no inn ext room.A.a; aB.the; theC.a; theD.the; an17. Pacific Ocea n islargest of all.A.the; aB./; theC.the; theD.a; /18. Great cha nges have take n place in1990s.A./B.aC.theD.

15、a n19. Would n' t it bewon derful world if all n ati ons lived inpeace with oneano ther?A.a; /B.the; /C.a; theD.the; the20. AIexa nder Graham Bell in ve ntedtelepho ne in 1876.A./B.aC.theD.o ne21.ln 1864, Lincoln was electedPreside nt ofUn ited States for the sec ondtime.A.the; theB.a; aC./; the

16、D./; /22. Joh n isuni versity stude nt.A./B.a nyC.aD.a n23. The table is made of.A.a woodB.somewoodC.the woodD.wood24. We are going to lear nn ext week.A.Twelfth Less onB.The Twelfth Less onC.Twelve Less onD.The Twelve Less on25. I' d likeinformation about the management of your hotel please.Wel

17、l, you could haveword with the manager. He might be helpful.A.some; aB.a n; someC.some; some D.an; a26. Paper money was inuse in Chi na whe n Marco Polo visited the country inthirtee nth cen tury.A.the; /B.the; the C./; theD./; /27. Most an imals have little connection withan imals ofdiffere ntkind

18、uni ess they kill them for food.A.the; aB./; aC.the; theD./; the28. Alice is fond of playing piano while Henry is interested in listening tomusic.A./; theB./; /29.0h, John.you gaveA.How a pleasa nt surpriseC.What a pleasa nt surprise30. terrible weather w6A.How aB.What aC. the; /D.the; theus!B. How

19、pleasa nt surpriseD. What pleasa nt surprise ve bee n hav ing these days!C. HowD.What31. Many people agree that knowledge of English is a must in intern ati onal trade today.A.a; /B.the; anC.the; theD./; the32. Beyondstars the astronaut saw nothing butspace.A.the; /B./; theC./; /D.the; the33. Have y

20、ou see npen? I left it here this morning.Is itblack one? I think I saw it some where.A.a; theB.the; theC.a; aD.the; a34. After watchingTV, she playedviolin for an hour.A./; /B.the; theC.the; /D./; the35. Are you sure to help me findbed for my new house?Sure, but not now. I' m heading forbed and

21、a good sleep.A.a; /B.a; aC.the; aD.the; /36. Charlie Chaplin was considered one of the greatest actors inhistory ofci nema.A./; /B.a; theC.the; theD.the; a37. What aboutbook?It' s too difficultbook.A.a; aB.a; theC.the; theD.the; a38. Towardseve ningcold rain bega n to fall.A.a n; theB.the; aC.th

22、e; /D./; a39.She always playsfootball afterschool.A.a; theB.the; theC./; aD./; /40. wheel is thought to beinven ti on offirst importa nee in huma nhistory.A.A; the; theB.The; an; the C.A; an; theD.A; an; /41.1 felt some one patted me onshoulder.A.aB.theC.myD./42. So you are runningrestaura nt?Yes, b

23、ut I don' t want to make itrestaura nt only for rich people.A.the; /B.the; the C.a; theD.a; a43. Xi' an wasstarting point ofworld famous"Silk Road” .A./;/B.a; aC.the; /D.the; the44.It is ten o' clock in the morning but he is still.A.in the bedB.at the bedC.in bedD.on bed45. More tha

24、n half ofwater used for drinking, washing and irrigating cropscomes from un derground.A.the; /B./; theC./; /D.the; the46. At noon we reachedsmall villageeast ofSummerPalace.A.the; the; the B.a; /; the C.a; the; theD.a; /; /47. The child had onlyslight temperature but the doctor regardedill ness as s

25、erious eno ugh forhospital treatme nt.A./; /; theB.a; /; /C.a; the; /D./; the; the48.1 hadlunch at a friend s house yesterday.food was good.A.the; /B./; /C.the; theD./; The49. What is Jack going to do with all his mon ey?He says he has always dreamed of tak ingtrip aroundworld.A.a; theB.the; theC.a;

26、 /D.a; a50. Qi ngdao ismost beautiful city in summer.A.theB./C.aD.o ne51. Just now you said you always got to work on8 6 clock train. But wouldlater train get you to work on time?A.a; aB.a; theC.the; theD.the; a52. The building was completed in September of 1956 not in October,1955.A./; theB.the; th

27、e C./;/D.the; /53.I would like to haveroom, wi ndow of which ope ns tosouth.A.a; the; aB.a; the; the C.a; /; /D.a; the; /54. There ishouse in the picture.There isold woma n n earhouse.A.a n; a; theB.a; an; the C.the; a; an D.a; the; an55. Europe andAmerica are separated by Atla nticOcea n.A./; /; th

28、eB.the; the; the C./; /; /D.the; the; /56. There is“ h” in the word “ honesf .A.aB.theC./D.a n57. terrible life people in the small island lived at that time!A.WhatB.HowC.What aD.How a58. Father often says to me, “ Behonest boy today anduseful mantomorrow.”A.a; aB.a n; an C.a; anD.an; a59. Thi ngs ofkind come together; people ofkind fall intosamegroup.A.the; the; the B.a; a; the C.the; the; aD.a; the; the60.A.The; the; the 15