中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案(单项选择 名词)

1、.2019年中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案单项选择 名词一、名词表示人或事物的名称。按其意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。 1. 表示人名、地名、节日名、一周七天、十二个月等专有名词, 开头第一个字母要大写。 2. 由普通名词变成的专有名词前常加the。如：the United States。分类含义例如专有名词表示特定的人、地方、事物、机构等名词的统称April, China, the Great Wall, the Great Hall of the People普通名词可数名词个体名词表示某类人或事物中的个体dictionary, pencil, chair, window, table,

2、book, bike, ball, dog集体名词表示假设干个体组合成的集体family, police, class, group, team不可数名词物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词rice, glass, mutton, bridge, paper. air, wood, wool, wheat, steel抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词knowledge, danger, health, life, homework, interest, love二、名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。 1. 可数名词：表示能够以数计算的事物的名词。可数名词有单数和复数的区别,

3、 表示一个时用单数, 多于一个用复数。如：a cat; two birds; many people。l名词复数的规那么变化构成方法例词 一般在词尾加一sdeskdesks , milemiles , bridgebridges , horsehorses以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词加esglassglasses, boxboxes, brushbrushes , watchwatches以th结尾的词加sbathbaths , path paths , mouth mouths,monthmonths以o结尾的词加s或espianopianos, photo photos , radio r

4、adios heroheroes , potatopotatoes , tomatotomatoes zerozero e s , motto motto e s以y结尾的词以辅音字母加y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加esfactoryfactories , countrycountries qualityqualities. ability abilities以元音字母加y结尾的词，直接加smonkeymonkeys , toytoys以f或fe结尾的词f，fe变为v再加eswolfwolves, wife wives, leafleaves , knife knives个别词直接加sgulf

5、gulfs, belief beliefs, roof roofs个别有两种复数形式scarfscarfs /scarves 2名词复数的不规那么变化构成方法例词复合名词一般情况下只变词尾bedroom bedrooms, highway highways 把中心词变为复数looker-onlookers-on ；passer-by passers-by没有中心词将最后一个词变为复数形式grown-upgrown-ups . go-betweengo-betweens由man或woman构成的复合名词变复数时，man或woman写其他名词都要变为复数a man-doctor two men d

6、octors, a woman teacher three women teachers特殊名词改变内部元音foot feet, toothteeth, manmen 词尾加en或renoxoxen, childchildren单、复数同形sheep sheep, deerdeer, fishfish3复合名词的复数形式 只将主体名词变为复数形式。如： a banana tree - some banana trees a boy student- some boy students 复合名词中两个名词都变成复数形式, 但第一个名词必须是man或woman。如： a man doctor tw

7、o men doctors a woman teacher three women teachers 注意：可用以下单词或短语修饰可数名词的复数。如： some, a few, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, many 例题1 I can't understand the meaning of the passage though there are _ new words in it. A. few B. a fewC. little D. a little 【解析】 A few, a few修饰可数岩词复数, little, a little修饰不可数名

8、词。 【句意】尽管文章里没有多少新单词, 但我理解不了它的意思。应选A。 例题2 - Thanks for giving me the - My pleasure. I hope they are of some value. A. suggestions B. news C. message D. information 【解析】A根据答句不用谢, 我希望它们会有些价值判断用名词复数。news不可数, information不可数, message单数, 应选A。 2. 不可数名词：不能以数计算而必须通过容器的量来表示的名词, 叫作不可数名词。通常使用的形式是：容器单位+of+物质名词。如a

9、 glass of milk; two bottles of orange juice。1. 一般情况下, 物质名词、抽象名词为不可数名词。 物质名词无法分为个体的事物, 通常不能与不定冠词连用, 自身不能表示详细的数量, 如：water, coffee, time, money, bread, milk, gas, air, wind 等；抽象名词表示的是可感觉却触摸不到的性质、动作、状态、感情等抽象的概念, 如：kindness仁慈, information信息, advice建议, happiness幸福, progress进步等。 2. 常用how much, much, a litt

10、le, little, a lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词。 例题3 Not much of the _ is surprising in Guangzhou Daily today. A. ideas B. news C. opinions D. articles 【解析】 B 句中much of搭配不可数名词, news虽以“s结尾, 但却是不可数名词, 其余均为可数名词复数, 应选B。 例题4 - Why are you so happy? - I have to do much _ every day. A. homework B. exercises C. sp

11、orts 【解析】A此题考察名词的数。句意：你为什么这么不开心？我每天要做很多作业。much只能修饰不可数名词, 而exercises与sports都是可数名词复数, homework为不可数名词。所以选A。三、名词所有格的运用 1. s形式的所有格 s形式的名词所有格主要用于人或动物的名称后, 表示“属于所有或修饰的关系。通常在名词后直接加s, 假如遇到加了s或es的复数名词, 只能在名词后加。要表示由两个或两个以上的人共同拥有的关系, 名词所有格在最后一个名词后加s；假设表示由两个或两个以上的人分别拥有的关系, 那么在每个名词后都加s； 2. of短语构成的所有格：通常表示无生命事物的所有

12、格, 常用of表示。如：the top of a box箱子的顶部； 3. 双重所有格：of+s构造叫双重所有格。如：a friend of my mother's我母亲的一个朋友； 注意：部分无生命词用s或s表示所有格。 无生命的东西在以下情况可用s或s所有格：A表示时间或路程。如：today's newspaper今天的报纸；three days' work三天的工作；five minutes' walk步行五分钟的路程。B表示度量衡及价值。如：a mile's distance 一英里的间隔 ；twenty dollars' value 2

13、0美元的价值。 C表示商店、医院、住宅等名称时, 常在名词后加s表示全称。如：at the doctor's就等于at the doctor's office。 D在one, body和some, any, no, every组合起来的复合不定代词后面加s。如：someone's car 某人的车。但这些代词假如和else连用时, s应该放在else的后面。如：someone else's house。 例题1 This turtle is _. A. Tom and Tim B. Tom's and Tim C. Tom's and Tim&#

14、39;sD. Tom and Tim's 【解析】D 由句中的谓语动词和主语可判断这只海龟属于他们两人所共有, 此时名词的所有格是在后一个名词后加“s。应选D。 例题2 一Whose room is this? Is it the _?- Yes, it is_.A. twins' Tom and Tim'sB. twin's; Tom's and Tim's C. twins; Tom and Tim【解析】 A 此题考察名词所有格构造。句意：这是谁的房间？是双胞胎有吗？是的, 是汤姆和蒂姆的。一个房间是他们两人所共有的, 所以第一空用复数名词

15、的所有格构造, 第二空用Tom and Tim's。 例题3 一It's convenient to travel from Ezhou to Wuhanby taking the newly-built green railway. - Yes. It' s said that _ is enough. A. fifteen minutes drive B. fifteen-minutes drive C. fifteen minute's driveD. fifteen minutes' drive 【解析】D此题考察时间名词的所有格作定语。时间名词

16、可以直接用s和s所有格构造作定语, 也可用数词加连字符加单数名词即fifteen-minute作定语。故此题只能选D。真题测试测试时间：25分钟 总分值:60分 1. The _is the best place to chat and watch TV. A. bedroom B. dining roomC. living room D. bathroom2. The car was out of _ and hit a tree by the road. A. danger B. breathC. control D. practice3. After reading the novel

17、Treasure Island. Paul has more _ than before because of the main character brave Jim A. humour B. wealthC. luck D. courage4. -Finding information is not a big deal today. - Well, the _ is how we can tell whether the information is useful or not A. courage B. message C. challenge D. knowledge5. None

18、of them talked. They finished their meal in _. A. silence B. orderC. place D. public6. -I'm tired out these days. -Well, you'd better keep a _ between work and play. A. promise B. diaryC. balance D. secret7. - Could you tell me the _ of making such tasty cakes? - Well, I just follow the inst

19、ructions in the cookbook. A. time B. methodC. cost D. menu8. - Where are you going to spend your summer holiday, Jenny? - I haven't made a _ yet. I'm going to talk about it with my family tomorrow.A. decisionB. promiseC. journey D. suggestion 9. In 2019, Liu Xiang's _in hurdling was noti

20、ced by Sun Haiping. A. ability B. tradeC. electricity D. memory10. Dave really likes driving. I think being a_ is just right for him. A doctor B. teacherC. farmer D. driver11. -Is this photo taken in Tibet? ' - Yes . You can see beautiful snow mountains in the _of the photo. A. form B. backgroun

21、dC. shape D. introduction12. Could you please take my picture? Here is my_ . A. printer B. radioC. player D. camera13. - How can I get some _ about the 2019 Olympic Games? - Why not search the Internet? A. information B. experienceC. practice D. success14. There are lots of _ that students have to f

22、ollow in school. A. exercises B. problemsC. skills D. rules15. Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous _ in American_.A. symbol; cultureB. symbol; cultures . C. symbols; culture D. symbols; cultures16. - Any special _ this shopping mall now?- Sure, we have the latest e-products on sale.A. offer B. pr

23、ice C. brand D. service17. I paid ￥10 for _ this morning. A. 4 bottle milksB. 4 bottles of milk C. 4 bottles of milks D. 4 milk18. Health is important for us teenagers, so we should eat more vegetables such as _ to keep healthy.A. tomatoes and potatoesB. tomatos and potatosC. tomatos and potatoes19.

24、 - There are a lot of _ of bike riding. - I agree. It's good for the environment and it saves money. A. instructionsB. instrumentsC. advantagesD. products20. -What's your favorite, Jim? - My favorite is _. I often listen to it on the MP3 player. A. sports B. dance C. science D. music21. - I&

25、#39;m told your class has 3 newcomers.- Yes. One is a _ the other two are _.A. Japan; GermanyB. Japanese; German C. Japanese; Germans D. Japanese; Germen22. Yesterday Lucy told us such good _ that we were all amazed at it. A. news B. ideas C. suggestion D. answer23. The Chinese saying "A tree c

26、an't make a forest" tells us that _ is very important in a football match A ability B. decision C. teamwork D. experience24. Time says that smart Lego has become one of _ favorite toys.A child B. children C. children's25. Annie has a _ and she is going to see her dentist today. A cold B

27、. feverC. cough D. toothache26. With the _ , we can choose one icon and click on it for more details. A. menu B. printerC. screen D. mouse27. The old man can't hear us well because there's something wrong with his _. A. mouth B. noseC. ears D. eyes28. US First Lady Michelle Obama encouraged

28、students to study abroad in her _ when visiting Peking University on March 22, 2019. A story B. speechC.1etter D. diary29. -Listen, they're talking about their _ again! - Well, they hope it'll prove their answer right. A. experiment B. agreementC. development D. environment30. - Nobody knows

29、 which team will win the 2019 World Cup in Brazil. - Yes. That is the _of the beautiful game.A. question B. luckC. hopeD. magic模拟测试测试时间：25分钟 总分值：60分 1. A number of countries have shown great_ in AIIB亚洲投资银行set up mainly by China A. hobby B habitC. interestD. notice2. It's widely accepted that eve

30、ry tourist should have good _. A. methods B. moodsC. minds D. manners3. Mr White, the principal校长, has made a great _ to the growth of the school. A. contribution B. progressC. inventionD. protection4. 一I have won first _ in the Reading Competition. - Oh, wonderful. Congratulations! A. award B. priz

31、eC. lesson D. result5. 一My father bought me a new mobile phone as a present, but I don't know how to use it. - Why not read the _first before using it? A. instructions B. inventionsC. invitations D. interviews6. 一We should all hold on to our dreams. - Yes. A life without a dream is like a bird w

32、ithout _,which can't fly. A. water B. wingsC. clouds D. food7. It is better to travel 10,000 miles than to read 10,000 books, so it's important to have real _ with languages, cultures and societies. A. influence B. knowledgeC. experiencesD. communications8. -Can you describe what Mr Green

33、9;s daughter is like?- Oh, she has the very _ of Mr Green I'm sure you can know her at the first sight. A. photo B. voiceC. look D. taste9. 一Paul shows little_ in the piano competition.- Yes, but his mother insists that he should catch the chance.A. pain B. causeC. situation D. interest10. The t

34、wo cities have reached an have reached an _ to develop science and technology.A. educationB. excitementC. invention D. agreement11. - I have great_ in learning English and I am so worried. Could you help me?- Sure. I would be glad to.A. trouble B. interestC. joy D. fun12. - I don't know how to u

35、se my new instrument.- It doesn't matter. Here is the _. A. instruction B. directionC. information D. advertisement13. Qian Xuesen is a _who is the pioneer of China's space technology programme. A. composer B. scientistC. writer D. president14. Nowadays, more people pay attention to the air

36、pollution. The government is taking action to change the terrible _. A. situation B. condition C. background D. temperature15. - Cindy hasn't come back yet. I'm afraid she doesn't know the way.- Don't worry. She has a pretty good _ of direction.A. sense B. feelingC. experienceD. idea

37、16. You will find this map of great _ in helping you to get round London. A. price B. cost C. value D. use17. His latest movie has won high _ from many people. A. prize B. priceC. praise D. practice18. 一At present, microblogs are very popular among young people. -I agree with you. We like to share o

38、ur _on the Internet。 A. spirit B. ideasC fund D. cases19. If you develop a _of talking with others in English, you'll improve your ability in speaking. A. plan B. habitC. way D. chance20. Jia Pingwa's novels are popular among adults and always get good _ . A. tips B. habitsC. readers D. reviews21. Oh, dear! There isn't enough _ for us in the lift. Let's wait for the next. A. floor B. seatC. room D. gr