共享专区课程实验手册part

1、实验5：恢复1实验目的熟悉路由器除掉，或用新的恢复的步骤。把其覆盖掉。恢复并不是把原来忘记的找寻回来，而是把它删2实验拓扑如下图所示。3实验步骤 步骤1：关闭路由器电源稍候重新开机。当路由器刚刚进入启动过程时（60 s），按下Ctrl + Break组合键，强迫其进入rommon模式。 步骤2：在模式下修改寄存器值。 步骤3：初始化路由器。由于修改了寄存器的值，路由器启动时加载配置文件，因此用户不需要作路由器。就能操步骤4：把配置文件到内存。步骤5：把原删除（也可以设置新）。步骤6：恢复寄存器值。步骤7：用no shutdown命令把接口打开。步骤8：保存配置。·1·Rou

2、ter# copy run startRouter(config)# config-register 0x2102Router#config tRouter(config)# no enable password Router(config)# no enable secretrouter>enablerouter#copy startup-config running-config destination filename running-config?Rommon4> iRommon3> confreg0x2142 步骤9：重启路由器。4实验思考寄存器值中的第几bit决定

3、了路由器在启动时不加载startup-config文件？提示：不同型号的路由器的恢复过程不尽相同，请读者自行查阅思科文档。实验6：配置静态路由1实验目的 学习配置静态路由令； 理解基于跳的数据路由模式。2实验拓扑如下图所示。在两台路由器上分别配置静态路由，使192.168.14.0/24和172.16.14.0/24这两个网络能够通信。3实验步骤（1）步骤1：配置路由器R1·2·Router>enable Router#config t Router(config)#hostname R1 R1(config)#interface f0/0R1(config-if)#

4、ip address 192.168.14.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shutdownR1(config-if)#interface f0/1R1(config-if)#ip address 12.16.14.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shutdownR1(config-if)#exitR1(config)#ip route 172.16.14.0 255.255.255.0 12.16.14.2R1(config)#CtrlZ R1# copy run startupRouter# reload（2）步骤2：查看

5、路由器R1的路由表（3）步骤3：配置路由器R2（4）步骤4：查看路由器R2的路由表·3·R2#sh ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - O

6、SPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routRouter>enable Router#config t Router(config)#hostname R2 R2(config)#interface f0/0R2(config-if)#ip addre

7、ss 172.16.14.1 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no shutdownR2(config-if)#interface f0/1R2(config-if)#ip address 12.16.14.2 255.55.255.0 R2(config-if)#no shutdownR2(config-if)#exitR2(config)#ip route 192.168.14.0 255.255.255.0 12.16.14.1R2(config)#CtrlZ R2# copy run startupR1#sh ip routeCodes: C - connect

8、ed, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS

9、-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routGateway of last resort is not setC192.168.14.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC12.16.14.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1S172.16.14.01/0

10、via 12.16.14.2R1#（5）步骤5：在路由器R1上Ping路由器R2的f0/0接口地址（6）步骤6：在路由器R2上Ping路由器R1的f0/0接口地址4实验调试如果不能连通，请检查：双绞线线序是否正确；路由器接口是否和电缆虚接； 接口地址和掩码是否正确； 接口是否真正up。5实验思考假设路由器R1还连接有网络192.168.15.0/24；路由器R2还连接有网络172.16.15.0/24，如何在两台路由器上设置静态路由？·4·R2#ping 192.168.14.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byt

11、e ICMP Echos to 192.168.14.1, timeout is 2 seconds!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms R2#R1#ping 172.16.14.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.14.1, timeout is 2 seconds!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max =

12、1/2/4 ms R1#Gateway of last resort is not set172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC172.16.14.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC12.16.14.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1S192.168.14.01/0 via 12.16.14.1R2#实验7：配置RIPv11实验目的 学习在路由器上配置RIPv1协议； 练习检验路由

13、协议运行状态令。2实验拓扑如下图所示。3实验步骤（1）步骤1：配置路由器R1（2）步骤2：配置路由器R2·5·Router>enable router#conf trouter(config)#hostname R2 R2(config)#int f0/0R2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.4.3 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no shutR2(config-if)#int f0/1Router>enable router#conf trouter(config)#hostname R1 R1(config

14、)#int f0/0R1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shutR1(config-if)#int f0/1R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shutR1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#router ripR1(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 R1(config-r

15、outer)#CtrlzR1# copy run start（3）步骤3：配置路由器R3（4）步骤4：检查路由器R2上运行的路由协议·6·R2#sh ip protocols Routing Protocol is "rip"Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 5 seconds Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is n

16、ot set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Redistributing: ripDefault version control: send version 1, receive any versionInterfaceSend Recv Triggered RIP Key-chainFastEthernet0/011 2FastEthernet0/111 2Automatic network summarization is in effect um path: 4Routing for Networks:

17、 172.16.0.0Routing Information Sources:Router>enable router#conf trouter(config)#hostname R3 R3(config)#int f0/0R3(config-if)#ip address 10.11.0.1 255.255.0.0 R3(config-if)#no shutR3(config-if)#int f0/1R3(config-if)#ip address 172.16.4.4 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if)#no shutR3(config-if)#exit R3(co

18、nfig)#router ripR3(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0R3(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 R3(config-router)#CtrlzR3# copy run startR2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.3.3 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no shutR2(config-if)#exit R2(config)#router ripR2(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0 R2(config-router)#CtrlzR

19、2# copy run start请读者自行查看另外两台路由器。（5）步骤5：查看路由器R2的路由表请读者自行查看另外两台路由器的路由表，然后和路由器R2的路由表对比，分析路由表 中应该出现哪些路由条目。（6）步骤6：在路由器上观察debug调试信息·7·R2#debug ip ripRIP protocol debugging is on Middle#00:32:46: RIP: received v1 update from 172.16.3.1 on FastEthernet0/1 00:32:46:192.168.1.0 in 1 hops00:32:47: RI

20、P: received v1 update from 172.16.4.4 on FastEthernet0/0 00:32:47:10.0.0.0 in 1 hops00:33:01: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via FastEthernet0/0 (172.16.4.3) 00:33:01: RIP: build update entries00:33:01:subnet 172.16.3.0 metric 100:33:01:network 192.168.1.0 metric 200:33:01: RIP: sending v

21、1 update to 255.255.255.255 via FastEthernet0/1 (172.16.3.3) 00:33:01: RIP: build update entriesR2#sh ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external

22、 type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 su

23、bnetsC172.16.4.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C172.16.3.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1R10.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 172.16.4.4, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0R192.168.1.0/24 120/1 via 172.16.3.1, 00:00:09, FastEthernet0/1 R2#GatewayDistanceLast Update 172.16.4.412000:00:06172.16.3.112000:00:0

24、7Distance: (default is 120)请读者自行观察和分析另外两台路由器的debug信息，对比3台路由器报告的信息，并分 析路由更新内容。（7）步骤7：测试连通性4实验调试如果路由表建立不起来，请检查下列项目：3台路由器的接口地址是否配置正确； 接口是否up；接口是否虚接；线序是否正确。5实验思考使用debug命令能看到RIPv1通告路由条目时不携带掩码吗？·8·R3#ping 192.168.1.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, tim

25、eout is 2 seconds!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms R3#00:33:01:network 10.0.0.0 metric 200:33:01:subnet 172.16.4.0 metric 1 R2# undebug all实验8：配置IGRP协议1实验目的学习在路由器上配置IGRP协议；练习检验路由协议运行状态理解管理距离概念。令；2实验拓扑使用实验2的拓扑。3实验步骤不中止实验2 RIPv1的进程，继续在路由器上启用IGRP协议。（1）步骤1：配置路由器R1（2）步

26、骤2：配置路由器R2（3）步骤3：配置路由器R3（4）步骤4：检查路由器运行的路由协议·9·R1# show ip protocols Routing Protocol is "rip"Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 8 seconds Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not setIncoming updat

27、e filter list for all interfaces is not setR3(config)#router igrp 200R3(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0R3(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 R3(config-router)#CtrlzR3# copy run startR2(config)#router igrp 200R2(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0 R2(config-router)#CtrlzR2# copy run startR1(config)#rout

28、er igrp 200R1(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 R1(config-router)#CtrlzR1# copy run start请读者自行查看另外两台路由器。（5）步骤5：查看路由表·10·R3#sh ip route（代码部分省略）Gateway of last resort is not setRedistributing: ripDefault version control: send version 1, receive any versio

29、n InterfaceSend Recv Triggered RIP Key-chainFastEthernet0/011 2FastEthernet0/111 2Automatic network summarization is in effect um path: 4Routing for Networks:172.16.0.0192.168.1.0Routing Information Sources:GatewayDistanceLast Update 172.16.3.312000:00:07Distance: (default is 120)Routing Protocol is

30、 "igrp 200"Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 26 seconds Invalid after 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Default networks flagged in outgoing updatesDe

31、fault networks accepted from incoming updates IGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0 IGRPum hopcount 100IGRPum metric variance 1 Redistributing: igrp 200um path: 4 Routing for Networks:172.16.0.0192.168.1.0Routing Information Sources:GatewayDistanceLast Update 172.16.3.310000:00:33Distance:

32、 (default is 100)R1#请读者自行查看另外两台路由器的路由表，与该路由表进行对比分析。（6）步骤6：查看路由信息更新过程请读者对比3台路由器的debug诊断信息，并理解距离矢量型路由协议的更新机制。（7）步骤7：测试连通性使用ping命令测试它们的连通性。4实验思考路由器上既运行着RIPv1又运行着IGRP，为什么路由表里只有标志“I”的路由？使用哪个命令可以确定RIPv1正在运行？·11·R3#debug ip igrp transaction IGRP protocol debugging is on R3#00:59:51: IGRP: receive

33、d update from 172.16.4.3 on FastEthernet0/1 00:59:51:subnet 172.16.3.0, metric 120 (neighbor 110)00:59:51:network 192.168.1.0, metric 130 (neighbor 120)01:00:20: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via FastEthernet0/0 (10.11.0.1)01:00:20:network 172.16.0.0, metric=11001:00:20:network 192.168.1.0

34、, metric=13001:00:20: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via FastEthernet0/1 (172.16.4.4)01:00:20:network 10.0.0.0, metric=110 R3#undebug all172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnetsC172.16.4.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1I172.16.3.0 100/120 via 172.16.4.3, 00:00:18, FastEthernet0/110.0.0

35、.0/16 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC10.11.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0I192.168.1.0/24 100/130 via 172.16.4.3, 00:00:18, FastEthernet0/1 R3#实验9：配置RIPv21实验目的学习在路由器上配置RIPv2协议； 练习检验路由协议运行状态令； 理解管理距离概念；理解路由归纳概念。2实验拓扑使用实验2的拓扑。3实验步骤在实验3的配置基础上继续操作。（1）步骤1：停止路由器R1的IGRP路由进程（2）步骤2：停止路由器R2的IGRP路由进程（3）步骤3

36、：停止路由器R3的IGRP路由进程（4）步骤4：在路由器R1上启用RIPv2（5）步骤5：在路由器R2上启用RIPv2（6）步骤6：在路由器R3上启用RIPv2（7）步骤7：使用show run 查看当前配置（8）步骤8：查看版本信息·12·R3#sh ip protocols Routing Protocol is "rip"Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 21 second Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240

37、 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not setIncoming update filter list for all interfaces is not setR3(config)#router ripR3(config)#version 2R2(config)#router ripR2(config)#version 2R1(config)#router ripR1(config)#version 2R3(config)#no router igrp 200R2(config)#no router igrp 200R1(c

38、onfig)#no router igrp 200请读者自行查看另外两台路由器的版本（9）步骤9：查看路由表信息。路由表中出现的是总结路由条目10.0.0.0/8。（10）步骤10：观察debug信息·13·R3#debug ip ripRIP protocol debugging is on00:59:19: RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via FastEthernet0/0 (10.11.0.1) 00:59:19: RIP: build update entries00:59:19:172.16.0.0/16 via 0.0

39、.0.0, metric 1, tag00:59:19:192.168.1.0/24 via 0.0.0.0, metric 3, tag 000:59:19: RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via FastEthernet0/1 (172.16.4.4) 00:59:19: RIP: build update entries00:59:19: 10.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 0R1# show ip route（代码部分省略）Gateway of last resort is not set172.16.0

40、.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnetsR172.16.4.0 120/1 via 172.16.3.3, 00:00:08, FastEthernet0/0C172.16.3.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0R10.0.0.0/8 120/2 via 172.16.3.3, 00:00:08, FastEthernet0/0C192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 R1#Redistributing: ripDefault version control: s

41、end version 2, receive version 2InterfaceSend Recv Triggered RIP Key-chainFastEthernet0/022FastEthernet0/122Automatic network summarization is in effectum path: 4 Routing for Networks:10.0.0.0172.16.0.0Routing Information Sources:GatewayDistanceLast Update10.11.0.212000:15:26172.16.4.312000:00:03172

42、.16.4.6512000:06:39Distance: (default is 120)路由器R3通告的是10.0.0.0/8的路由。（11）步骤11：关闭路由器R3的自动总结功能（12）步骤12：关闭路由器R2的自动总结功能（13）步骤13：关闭路由器R1的自动总结功能（14）步骤14：确定自动总结被关闭请读者自行查看另外两台路由器。（15）步骤15：查看路由表·14·R1#sh ip routR3#sh ip protocols Routing Protocol is "rip"Sending updates every 30 seconds, n

43、ext due in 21 second Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Redistributing: ripDefault version control: send version 2, receive version 2InterfaceSend Recv Trigger

44、ed RIP Key-chainFastEthernet0/022FastEthernet0/122Automatic network summarization is not in effectum path: 4 Routing for Networks:10.0.0.0172.16.0.0Routing Information Sources:GatewayDistanceLast Update10.11.0.212000:15:26172.16.4.312000:00:03172.16.4.6512000:06:39Distance: (default is 120)R1(config

45、)#router ripR1(config-router)#no auto-summaryR2(config)#router ripR2(config-router)#no auto-summaryR3(config)# router ripR3(config-router)# no auto-summary00:59:28: RIP: received v2 update from 172.16.4.3 on FastEthernet0/1 00:59:28:172.16.3.0/24 via 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops00:59:28:192.168.1.0/24 via 0.0.

46、0.0 in 2 hopsR3# undebug all请读者自行查看另外两台路由器的路由表。（16）步骤16：观察debug信息4实验思考请读者思考RIPv2为什么是无类路由协议？·15·（代码部分省略）Gateway of last resort is not set172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C172.16.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0R172.16.4.0/24 120/1 via 172.16.3.3, 00:00:12

47、, FastEthernet0/010.0.0.0/16 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR10.11.0.0 120/2 via 172.16.3.3, 00:00:12, FastEthernet0/0C192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 R1#实验10：验证ip classless功能1实验目的理解ip classless 的作用。2实验拓扑如下图所示。3实验步骤（1）步骤1：配置路由器R1注：ip classless 功能默认是开启的。（2）步骤2：配置路由器R2·16·Route

48、r>enable Router#config tRouter(config)# hostname R2 R2(config)#int f0/0R2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.14.1 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no shutR2(config-if)#int f0/1R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.252Router>enable Router#config tRouter(config)# hostname R1 R1(config)#int f0/0R

49、1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.15.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shutR1(config-if)#int f0/1R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.252 R1(config-if)#no shutR1(config-if)#exitR1(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.2 R1(config)#CtrlzR1#copy run start（3）步骤3：测试连通性（4）步骤4：关闭ip classless

50、（5）步骤5：再次测试连通性4实验思考请读者思考ip classless 和classless protocols这两个术语表达的含义。·17·R1#ping 172.16.14.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.14.1, timeout is 2 secondsSuccess rate is 0 percent (0/5) R1#R1#config tR1(config)# no ip classlessR1(config)# clear arp：避免影响测试R

51、1#ping 172.16.14.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.14.1, timeout is 2 seconds!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms R1#R2(config-if)#no shut R2(config-if)#exitR2(config)# ip route 172.16.15.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1R2(config)# ex

52、it R2#copy run start实验11：配置标准列表1实验目的理解列表的一般用途；练习配置标准学习使用标准列表的语法；列表PC1和PC2通信；观察标准ACL过滤数据的效果。2实验拓扑如下图所示。3实验步骤（1）步骤1：启动路由器并为之设置IP地址（2） 步骤2：为PC设置IP地址为PC1手动设置如下参数： 地址：192.168.10.2掩码：255.255.255.0 网关：192.168.10.1为PC2手动设置如下参数： 地址：172.16.10.2掩码：255.255.255.0 网关：172.16.10.1（3） 步骤3：在PC1上测试连通性·18·C:d

53、ocuments and SettingsAdministrator>ping 172.16.10.2Router>enable Router#config t Router(config)#int f0/0Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no shutRouter(config-if)#int f0/1Router(config-if)#ip address 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no shutRou

54、ter(config-if)#CtrlzRouter#（4）步骤4：在PC2上测试连通性（5）步骤5：在路由器上配置标准列表并与接口关联（6）步骤6：在PC2上测试ACL的效果·19·C: documents and SettingsAdministrator>ping 192.168.10.2Router#config tRouter(config)# access-list 10 deny 192.168.10.2 0.0.0.0 Router(config)# access-list 10 permit any Router(config)# access-li

55、st 20 deny host 172.16.10.2 Router(config)# access-list 20 permit any Router(config)# int f0/0Router(config-if)# ip access-group 10 in Router(config-if)# int f0/1 Router(config-if)# ip access-group 20 in Router(config)#CtrlzRouter#C: documents and SettingsAdministrator>ping 192.168.10.2Pinging 19

56、2.168.10.2 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 192.168.10.2: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=127 Reply from 192.168.10.2: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=127 Reply from 192.168.10.2: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=127 Reply from 192.168.10.2: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=127Ping statistics for 192.168.10.2:Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),