高中英语特殊句式

1、2021/3/91特殊句式2021/3/92 特殊句式思维流程2021/3/93知识点一倒装句一、完全倒装谓语动词完全置于主语之前的句子，便是完全倒装句，这类句型主要有四种：1.表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语： here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等，置于句首。 There goes the bell.铃响了。 On the table were some flowers.桌子上有一些花。2021/3/942.such置于句首时 Such was Albert Einstei

2、n, a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist. 这就是爱因斯坦，一个纯朴的人，也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。3.“There be”句型be动词可用“stand, live, exist, lie, remain, seem, appear”等来代替，其形式为：There谓语主语。There stands a tower on the top of the mountain.山顶有座塔。There appear some black clouds in the sky.空中布满乌云。2021/3/95【温馨提示】在“There

3、be”句型中，be动词根据靠近be动词的名词的单复数来变化。例如：There is a desk and two chairs in the room.There are two chairs and a desk in the room.房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。2021/3/964.表语置于句首时为了保持句子平衡或强调表语部分，可将作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语等置于句首，构成完全倒装形式，即：形容词/现在分词/过去分词/介词短语be主语。Happy are those who are contented.知足者常乐。Present at the meeting were twenty

4、teachers and thirty students.20位老师和30位学生参加了会议。Seated on the ground are a group of young people.席地而坐的是一群年轻人。2021/3/971.当句子的主语由人称代词担当时，句子不倒装。Here it is./Away they went.2021/3/982.此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以，such后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语”保持一致。 2021/3/99这就是他的临终遗言。【误】Such is his last words.【正】Such are his last words.误点：

5、_2021/3/9101.For a moment nothing happened, then _(come) voices all shouting together.答案came考查倒装句式。当某些副词如then, now, here，there, up等置于句首时，句子要用完全倒装形式。句意：一时间，什么都没发生，之后大家一起大笑起来。2021/3/911两扇窗户之间挂有一张画。【误】Between the two windows hang a picture.【正】Between the two windows hangs a picture.误点：_2021/3/912二、部分倒装

6、只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词、系动词be或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有三种：1.only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且放在句首时。 Only then did he realize he was wrong.直到那时他才意识到他错了。Only in this way can we learn English well.只有以这种方式，我们才能学好英语。2021/3/9132.否定副词或短语never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, at no time, by no means, in no case等置于句首时。 Neve

7、r before have I seen such a moving film.我以前从未看过这么感人的电影。At no time will China be the first to use the nuclear weapons.在任何情况下中国绝不会第一个使用核武器。 2021/3/9143.五个重要的固定句型：(1)“so/neither/norbe/have/助动词/情态动词主语”表示“前一句中的内容也适合于另一人或另一事物”。He came last night, so did I.他昨晚来了，我也来了。Lily cant ride, neither/nor can Lucy.莉莉

8、不会骑车，露西也不会。2021/3/915【温馨提示】如果表示对前面内容的肯定，不使用倒装句式。It is hot today.今天天真热。So it is.的确如此。此句型也可写成It is/was the same with主语或So it is/was with主语。Tom is clever and he works hard.Tom很聪明而且工作努力。So it is with Jack.Jack也是这样。2021/3/916(2)在“soadj./adv.that.”句型中，如果soadj./adv.置于句首，主句用部分倒装，that从句不倒装。So clearly does he

9、 speak English that he can always make himself understood.他的英语说得如此清楚，以至于他总能让别人听懂。(3)在“not only., but(also).”句型中，如果not only置于句首，需将not only引导的句子倒装，但but(also)引导的句子不倒装。 Not only will help be given to people to find jobs，but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.不仅帮助人们找工作，而且会向需要的

10、人提供医疗。(4)当“not until.”置于句首时，until从句的主谓不可倒装， 而只是主句需要倒装。 Not until he returned did we have supper.直到他回来，我们才吃晚饭。2021/3/917(5)在as引导的让步状语从句中，通常使用倒装语序(表语/状语/动词原形as主语)。Child as he was, he made a living by himself.尽管他是个孩子，他却自己谋生。Tired as he was, he still went on with his work.尽管很累，他还是继续工作。Try as he might, h

11、e didnt pass the exam.尽管很用功，但他考试还是不及格。People like his stories, because simple as the tales were, they would finish with a sudden change at the end, to the readers surprise.人们很喜欢他的小说，因为故事虽然简单，但结局出奇，让读者吃惊。2021/3/9181.副词开头要倒装，人称代词则如常。only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。否定意义副连词，“即不也不”须倒装。表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装。such代词做表语，引起主谓要倒装

12、。Not only开头句，前一分句须倒装。had, were, should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。2.(1)only修饰主语时，句子不可以倒装。 Only he can answer the question.只有他能回答此题。(2)only位于句首修饰状语从句时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。2021/3/919只有他返回时，我们才查明真相。【误】Only when did he return we found out the truth.【正】Only when he returned did we find out the truth.误点：_2021/3/9202.Only when he

13、reached the tea-house _(realize) it was the same place hed been in last year.3.(2012辽宁，32)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago _(consider) having a holiday abroad.答案2.did he realize3.did he consider2021/3/9211.not until放在句首时，后面的主句用部分倒装，因为从句是过去时，因此主句也用一般过去时。2.as引导从句必须用部分倒装，though引导从句可用也

14、可不用部分倒装，although引导从句用陈述语序。 如果是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语，不再用冠词。Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks English best.他虽然是我们班年龄最小的，但他英语说得最好。2021/3/922知识点二强调句1.强调句型(1)强调句型的结构。“It is/was被强调部分that/who其他成分”被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的部分指人时，用who或that皆可；指事物或情况时，通常用that。It was he that b

15、roke the window.是他打破了窗子。(主语)2021/3/923It was her that we met at the school gate.我们在校门口遇到的正是她。(宾语) It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.汤姆是在公园里丢了他的手表的。(状语)(2)强调句型的问句形式。强调句型的一般疑问句只需把is(was)提前。 Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English? 是王教授教你们英语的吗？强调句型的特殊疑问句，只需在一般疑问句前加上疑问词。Who was it that bro

16、ke the window？打破窗子的是谁？When was it that you called me yesterday? 你昨天打电话给我是什么时候？2021/3/924(3)含有not.until.的强调句型。其强调句式为：It is/was not until被强调的部分that其他成分。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized her.直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她。2021/3/925 2.谓语动词的强调如果需要强调谓语时，用？助动词do, does或did。Do come this evenin

17、g.今晚一定要来。 He did write to you last week.上周他的确写信给你了。Tom does study hard now.现在汤姆学习真的很努力。2021/3/926强调句型It is(was)后面的人称代词若是从句中的主语， is/was的后面应当用主格形式。倘若这一人称代词是从句的宾语，则用宾格形式。It was him who(whom)I saw yesterday.我昨天见到的正是他。2021/3/927是他打破了窗户。【误】It was him who broke the window.【正】It was he who broke the window.

18、误点：_2021/3/928用适当的词填空1.It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do _ benefits our work most.答案that句意：能给我们的工作带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少，而是我们对于自己所做的事情付出了多少爱。考查强调句型。被强调部分为句子的主语not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do，故用that。2021/3/9292.It was 80 years before Christopher Co

19、lumbus crossed the Atlantic _ Zheng He sailed to East Africa.答案that考查强调句型。句子虽然比较长，但是其主干为强调句型，是对“80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic”进行了强调，由此可知，空白处应该填写“that”。2021/3/930知识点三省略句一、状语从句中的省略现象1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句谓语动词中又含有动词be时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：(1)连词(as, as if, once)名词On

20、ce (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.从前他曾当过老师，现在他在政府部门工作。 (2)连词(though, whether, when)形容词Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret.年轻时努力工作，否则你会后悔的。2021/3/931(3)连词(whether, as if, while)介词短语He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.他到处看好像在找什么东西。(4)连词(when,

21、 while, though)现在分词While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.当我沿着马路走时，听到有人喊我的名字。 (5)连词(when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as)过去分词The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.展览比预料的更有趣。(6)连词(as if, as though)不定式He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.他

22、张开嘴好像要说话。2021/3/9322.当从句的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和系动词一起省略。此时构成“连词(if, unless，when, whenever)形容词”的结构。 Unless (it is) necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary.除非有必要，你最好不要查词典。 另外，我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容，此时可用ifso/not省略句式。2021/3/933Get up early tomorrow.If not (you dont get up early), you will mis

23、s the first bus.明天早点起。否则(如果不那样)，你会错过头班车的。He may not be at home then, if so (he is not at home), leave him a note.那时他可能不在家。如果那样，就给他留个纸条。2021/3/9342021/3/9351.Though _(surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.答案surprised前半句是“Though he was surprised to see us”的省略形式。一般情况下，如果状语从句的主语与主句的主

24、语相同，并且从句的谓语含有be动词，常省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。2021/3/9362.It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine._(如果这样的话), wed better take it to the garage immediately.答案If so2021/3/937二、不定式的省略现象在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。1.代替动词不定式后被省略掉的动词，常在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mea

25、n, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后面。 I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to.我叫他去看电影，但他不想去。2021/3/9382.在have, need, ought, be going, used等后面。 I didnt want to go there, but I had to.我不想去那儿，但不得不去。3.在某些形容词 glad, happy, pleased, delighted, afraid, willing, eager等后面。 Will you join in th

26、e game？你想一起做游戏吗？ Id be glad to.好的。2021/3/9394.否定形式的省略用not to。 Shall I go instead of him？我要代替他去吗？I prefer not to.我宁愿不。 5.如果省略的不定式结构中含有be, have, have been，则要保留这些词。Are you monitor of our class？你是我们的班长吗？No, but Id like to be.不，但是我想当。2021/3/9402021/3/941知识点四祈使句、感叹句及其他句式2021/3/9422.感叹句基本构成形式：(1)What (a/an

27、)形容词名词主语谓语！(2)How形容词a/an可数名词单数主语谓语！(3)How形容词/副词主语谓语！What a clever boy he is！How clever the boy is！多聪明的男孩啊！What beautiful flowers these are！How beautiful these flowers are!这些花多美丽啊！How high the mountain is！这山真高啊！2021/3/9433.There be句型的非谓语形式There being no bus, we had to walk home.没有公交车了，我们不得不走路回家。I exp

28、ect there to be many chances for him to get a job.我希望他有很多找到工作的机会。There having been no water for 2 days, the travelers were all very thirsty.已经两天没有水了，这些旅行者们口渴得很厉害。2021/3/944多好的姑娘啊！【误】How a nice girl she is!【正】What a nice girl she is！/How nice a girl she is!误点：_2021/3/945Dont turn off the computer bef

29、ore closing all programs _(否则) you could have problems.答案or2021/3/946易错点1not until的误用Not until the motorbike looked almost new _(他才停下) repairing and cleaning it.解析not until放在句首，句子应用部分倒装结构。答案did he stop【即时小练】改写句子：直到昨天晚上，他才回家。A：He didnt return home until last night.B：Not until last night _.答案did he re

30、turn home2021/3/947以题说法not until结构用于倒装句型中的主要形式为： (1)not until.部分位于句首；(2)部分倒装结构中无否定性结构；(3)当until后接从句时，且not until.位于句首时，那么主句要倒装，从句不倒装(如本题)。2021/3/948突破指南应熟记倒装的一些常用词，了解其使用规则，做到“有法可依”。2021/3/949易错点2省略问题的误区In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than _(过去).解析考查英语中动词不定式省略。当动词不定式中有be动词或have时，应对其进行保留。答案it used to be20