(完整)初中现在完成时讲解以及练习题

1、暑期学习一：现在完成时讲解(2)用法：1)现在完成时通常表示在 已经完成的动作 或持续一段的时间状态状态。说话人强调的 是该动作或状态对现在的 结果或影响。(1)构成：现在完成时由助动词have +过去分词构成。第三人称单数用has,其余用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前否定式疑问式I have not (haven't) studied Have I studied?You have not (haven't) studied -Have you studied?He has not (hasn't) studied

2、 .Has he studied?否定疑问式简单回答(肯定/否定)Have I not (Haven't I) studied-Yes, you have. No, you haven，t.Have you not (Haven't you) studied?Yes, I have. No, I haven，t.Has he not (Hasn 't he) studied-?Yes, he has. No, he hasn，t.My daughter has just gone out.我女儿刚出去。I' m sure we ' ve met befO

3、re定我们以前见过面。She has arrived.她至 U 了。2)表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如 already, just, for ，since yet 等。文口：I haven ' t heard from her these days些日子我没有收到她的信。We haven ' t seen you recently.最近我们没有见至U你。They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。She has been with us since Monday.注意：a) since和f

4、or的区别since 后接时间点，如 1993, last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor 后接一段时间. 表示长达多久 ”, 如 ten years, a while, two days 等。Exercise:用 since 和 for 填空1. Jim has been in Ireland Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia 15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has bee

5、n there 7 o'clock.5. India has been an independent country 1974.6. The bus is late. They've been waiting 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.8. Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital October.(2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示段时间”的状语成用，表示动作或状态从某一

6、时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I haven't seen him for two years.但是， 像 come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为 “be（在）”等延续性动词来表述 现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive f be here die fbe deadbegin(start) -be on come back f be backget up fbe upopen fbe openborrow fkeepbuy fhave如：He has been a soldier for three year鲍参

7、军三年了。His father has been dead for two year她父亲去世二年了。The film has been on for ten minutes 电影已开始十分钟了。We have studied English for three years我们（开始）学英语已三年了。5 .现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是 这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动 作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：I have lost my new book.我把新书丢了。（现在还未找

8、到）I lost my new book yesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否 没说明）6 .几点注意事项（1） have been（to）W have gone（ to勺区别：have been（to宸示 去过某地（现 在已经回来了）"，have gone（to炭示去某地了He has gone to Beijing .他去北京了。Exercise:I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I already(see) the film. I(see) it last week.2. he(finish)

9、his work today? Not yet.3. My father just(come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Where ' s Li Ming ? He(go) to the teacher' s office.5. I(work) here since I(move) here in 1999.6. So far I(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long the Wangs(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. I just(finish) my h

10、omework.9. He(go) to school on foot every day.10. you(find) your science book yet?11. If it(be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.12. The students(read) English when the teacher came in.13. Look! The monkey(climb) the tree.14. My mother(come) to see me next Sunday.15. I've lost my pen.you(see)

11、 it anywhere?II. Choose the best answer.1. How long have you here?C. arrivedD beenB. for 2 yearsD. my age was 6.A. comeB. got2. My grandpa died.A. at the age of my 2C when I was 2.3. Jane has to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A.been B . goneC. wentD. never been4. It is ten years I last saw her

12、.A. afterB since C. forD. that5. -Who will go to the station to meet Lorry?-I will. I her several times.A. metB have met C. had met D. will meet6. -What a nice dress! How long you it?-Just 2 weeks.A. will, buyB. did, buyC. are, having D have, had7. -Do you know Lydia very well?-Yes, She and I friend

13、s since we were very young.A. have made B. have become C have been D. have turned8. The Smiths in China for 8 years.A. has lived B. livedC have been D. live9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?-Sorry. He the Bainiao Park.A. has been to B has gone to C. went toD. will go to

14、10.-you ever to the US?-Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B Have, been C, Do, goD. were, going例题( )1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away( )2. I the League for 5 years so far.A. joined B. have joined C. have been in()3.The factory s

15、ince the February of 1988.A . has been open B. has opened C. was openD. opened） 4.Mary and Rose friends since they met in 2000.A. have made B. have been C. madeD. have become） 5.You mustn'tuntil he comes back.A. be away B. leave C. be left） 6.The meeting for a week now.A. has finished B. has end

16、ed C. has been over） 7.Miss Gao this school for nearly 5 years.A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught） 8.Ben a teacher for 4 years.A. has been B. has become C. was D. became） 9. I home for a week.A. have returned B. have been back C. returned（） 10. How long he ?A. diedB. has, died C. has, been

17、dead（） 11. He at eight yesterday afternoon.A. sleptB. was sleepingC. has sleepD. had slept（） 12.He the car for a week.A. boughtB. has boughtC. has had（） 13.-How long you ill ?-Two weeks.A. did fall B. have, fellC. have, been（） 14.Since 2000, he his hometown.A. has leftB. has moved away C. has been a

18、way from（） 15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only it for 2 days.A. borrowB. keepC. take练习单项选择（） 1、 Both his parents look sad. Maybe they what's happened to him.A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know（） 2、 He has been to Shanghai, has he ?A. already B. neverC. everD. still（） 3、

19、Have you met Mr Li ？A. just B. agoC. beforeD. a moment ago（） 4、 The famous writer one new book in the past two year .D. has writtenA. is writing B. was writing C. wrote) 5、 Our country a lot so far . Yes. I hope it will be even .A. has changed; well B. changed; good C. has changed; better D. changed

20、; better) 6、 Zhao Lan already in this school for two years .A. was; studying B. will; study C. has; studiedD. are;studying) 7、 We Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew) 8、 Harry Potter is a very nice film. I it twice.A. will see B. have seen C. sawD. see) 9、

21、 These farmers have been to the United States . Really? When there?A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone) 10、 you _ your homework yet? Yes. I it a moment ago.A.Did; do; finishedB.Have; done; finishedC.Have; done; have finishedD.will; do; finish) 11、 His father the club since 1988.A. joined B. has joined C. was inD. has been in) 12、 Do you know her well? Sure .We friends since ten years ago.A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made) 13、 How long have you here? About seven years.A. been B. goneC. comeD. ar