（精心整理）状语从句

1、状语从句1、 概念：状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。2、 时间状语从句常用引导词:when, as, while当.时 before在.之前, after.在.之后, since自从.以来 , till, until直到.为止，as soon as一.就.,特殊引导词:the minute一.就., the moment一.就., th

2、e second这一秒, every time每次, immediately一.就. , directly一.就., no sooner than一.就., hardly when一.就., scarcely whenDont be afraid of asking for help when it is needed. 如果你需要时别不敢求援。 Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as Father was away in France.妈妈很担心，因为小爱丽丝病了，尤其是在爸爸远在法国的这个时候。 What

3、 have you been doing since I last saw you? 自我上次和你见面以后，你在做什么？ -What was the party like?晚会怎么样？ -Wonderful. Its years since I enjoyed myself so much.好极了。多年了我从未如此高兴。Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.直到河里的鱼都死了村民们才意识到污染的严重性。-Im going to the po

4、st office 我要到邮局去。-While you are there，can you get me some stamps？你在那时，能给我买些邮票吗？ Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up before I could answer the telephone.有人半夜给我打电话，但是我还没来得及接他们就挂断了。He had no sooner got to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.他一到实验室就着手工作。Ill go to t

5、he cinema after Ive finished the work. 完成作业后，我将去看电影。Ill give you a phone as soon as I come back. 我一回来就给你打电话。I havent heard from Tom since May. 自从五月份以来我就没有收到汤姆的信。He worked till midnight.他一直工作到深夜。Come to see me whenever you like.不论何时，只要你高兴就可以来见我。Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.他刚一到,

6、 她就开始抱怨起来。Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her？你记着还给玛丽的欠款了吗？YesI gave it to her the moment I saw her是的。我一见到她就还给她了。I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her. 我第一次见她就对她印象很好并认为她很诚实。Every time you get back at night, you drop your shoes on the floor.你每一次晚上回来，都把鞋子丢在地板上。I didnt

7、 have a penny the last time I saw you.上一次见你时，我身无分文。I recognized her instantly I saw her.我一看见她就把她认出来了。The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise.那位年轻女士一听到响声就冲进房间。Directly the master came in, everyone was quiet.校长一进来，大家就安静下来。二、地点状语从句常用引导词:where特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywh

8、ereYou should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again. 你应当养成惯例，将东西放在你能找到的地方。She found her calculator where she lost it. 他在她丢的地方找到了计算器。Everywhere they went, the distinguished guests were warmly welcomed.贵宾每到一处都受到了热烈的欢迎。Sit wherever you like.请随便坐。You can take it with you wherever

9、you go.不论走到什么地方，你都可随身携带它。注意：where除了表示地点外，还可以表示条件、对比和让步。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。（条件）We want to stay at home, where children would rather spend the holiday in the country.我们想留在家里，而孩子们却愿到乡间度假。（对比）Wherever I went, the dog followed me. 无论我走到哪里，这只狗总跟着我。（让步）3、 原因状语从句常用引导词:because, sinc

10、e, as, for特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, as much as, so much asJane wore a raincoat because it was raining.因为天下雨，所以詹穿着雨衣。Ill do it for you since you are busy.既然你忙，我来替你做吧。Since you insist, Ill go.既然你坚持，那我就去。We had better hurry as its getting dark

11、.因为天快要黑了，我们最好快点。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.昨晚准是下雨了，今天早上地面还是湿的。The day breaks, for the birds are singing.小鸟在歌唱，一定是天亮了。Now that youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. 既然你有了机会，你要充分利用它。*seeing that, considering that和in that引导原因状语从句 这几个连词同since,

12、 as 近义，都有“鉴于某个事实，原因”是之意。 Considering that hes only been learning English a year, he speaks it very well.鉴于他只学了一年， 他英语讲得就是很好。 Seeing that he was ill, they sent for the doctor.鉴于他病情严重，他们派人请医生。 In that she is ill, she feels unable to do it.因为病了，她觉得不能做那件事。*not thatbut that引导原因状语从句这是一种加强语气的表示原因的结构，意为“不是因

13、为，而是因为”Not that I dont like the film, but that I have no time for it.不是因为我不喜欢这部电影，而是因为我没时间看。四、目的状语从句常用引导词:so that, in order that特殊引导词:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end thatJohn shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his grand surprise

14、 for the party. 约翰把其他人关在厨房外，目的是能够为晚会烹饪出人意料的东西。These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely. 这些人甘冒生命危险，是为了让我们活得更安全些。Drive carefully (so) that everyone can enjoy a long life.开车小心点，让大家多活几年。辨析：in order that引导的状语从句可以放在句首、与句尾，而so that 引导的只能放在句尾；如果从句主语与主句主语一致都可转换成不定式。She went downtown s

15、o that/in order that she would buy some clothes.= She went downtown so as to /in order to buy some clothes.为了买些衣服她进城。In order that he could make himself understood, he explained it again.= In order to make himself understood, he explained it again.为了让大家理解，他又解释了一遍。*lest, for fear that和in case引导目的状语从句

16、 这三个连词词组的意思是“以防，以免”。lest的从句一般要用虚拟语气，形式是“should+动词原形”或省掉should。for fear that和in case从句一般用虚拟语气，但有时也可以用陈述语气。I obeyed her lest she should be angry. 我得顺着她，免得她生气。Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太阳很利害，你就把帽子戴上。五、结果状语从句常用引导词:so that, so that, such that,特殊引导词:such that, to the degree that,

17、to the extent that, to such a degree thatSo difficult did I feel it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.我感到在讲英语的国家里生活太难了，因此我决定学好英语。He worked hard so that he passed the exam. 他学习很努力，结果通过了考试。He spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep.他讲了那么

18、长时间，人们开始打起瞌睡了。*sothat与suchthat的区别这两种结构都可引导结果状语从句。so是副词，后接形容词或副词；such是形容词，后接名词。（1）单数名词在so.that与such.that中间出现的是单数名词，且该名词前有形容词修饰时，这两种结构可互换，但要注意它们的词序不同:such+ a/an+形容词十名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词。She is such a good teacher that all of us love her.= She is so good a teacher that all of us love her.她是一位很好的老师，我们都敬爱她。

19、（2）不可数名词或复数可数名词如果被修饰的是不可数名词或复数可数名词时，一般须用such.that。He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English.他进步很快，不久就开始用英语写文章。(不可数名词)They are such interesting books that we all want to read them.这些书是那么有趣以致我们都想读一读。(复数可数名词)（3）名词前有many，much，little，few修饰时如果不可数名词或复数可数名词前有many，muc

20、h，little，few修饰时，则用sothat。Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.我摔了好多次跤，周身青一块紫一块的。(复数可数名词)George had so little money that he had to get a job.乔治没有钱，所以他不得不找工作干。(不可数名词)They are such little children that they cant do anything.他们是小孩，什么事情都干不了。巧记so和such引导结果状语从句名前such，形、副so，多多少少也用so。little属特

21、殊，“小”用such，“少”用so。*but, but that 和but what 如果主句中含有never, never so, not so, not such等否定词，可用but, but that 和but what引导结果状语从句，构成双重否定，相当于thatnot或unless，可以译成“没有不”。She never comes but she borrows. She never comes unless she borrows.她不借东西不来。She is so old but that she can read.她并未老到不能读书的地步。There is no man so

22、 learned but what he can learn something from this book.再博学的人都会本书学到一些东西。*如何判断so that引导的目的状语从句与结果状语从句 当表达的含义是“为了”、“以便”时，为目的状语从句；当表达的是“以至于”、“因 此”含义时，为结果状语从句。 If you do know, answer in a loud enough voice so that all the class may hear.(目的状语从句)如 果你的确知道，应大声回答，以便让全班学生都可以听见。 It rained hard the day before

23、yesterday, so that she had to stay at home.(结果状语从句)前天雨下 得很大，因此她只好呆在家里。六、条件状语从句 常用引导词:if, unless,特殊引导词:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition thatif 表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless表示反面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”（if not）You will be late unless you leave immediately.除非你立即走，否

24、则，你会迟到。The WTO can not live up to its name if it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.世贸组织如果不让一个拥有世界五分之一人口的国家加入，那它就名不符实。由suppose，supposing，as/so long as， providing, provided, on condition that和in case等引导这类连词（词组）意思相近，有：“如果、假设、即使、在条件下”等意义。Suppose (Supposing) he is ill, what

25、shall we do? 如果他病了，我们该怎么办？Youll do all right, as long as you follow his advice.只要你听从他的劝告，你就会干得很好的。In case John comes, please tell him to wait.假如约翰来了，请让他稍候。You may keep the book a further week provided (that) no one else requires it. 倘若这本书没有其他人想借的话，你可以再续借一个礼拜。7、 让步状语从句常用引导词:though, although, even if,

26、 even though特殊引导词: as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter , in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheveAlthough journalism seems like a good profession，I would prefer to be a teacher虽然新闻业好像是一个很好的职业，但是我更喜欢当老师。We wont give up even if we should fail

27、 ten times.即使是我们失败十次，我们也不会放弃。He might have given you more help，even though he was very busy尽管他很忙，他可能给了你更多的帮助。*由as或though引导让步状语从句用倒装语序Much as I have traveled，I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John.我虽然取得地方多，但是我从来没见过像约翰这么能干的人。Well have to finish the job, however(no matter how) long it takes.

28、不管需要多长时间，我们都一定完成这项工作。No matter what(Whatever) you do, dont tell him that I told you this. 无论你做什么，别告诉他我对你说过这件事。No matter how pure the water looks, I prefer not to drink it. 不管这水看起来多么纯净，我不喜欢喝它。No matter where (Wherever) you go, I would keep you company.不管你到哪去，我都会陪着你。注意：no matter 可以和whether和if连用。No matter whether(if) it snows or not, I shall start on the journey.不论下雪与否，我都将出发去旅行。I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home. 不论你和我一起来还是留在家中，我都要前往。八、比较状语从句常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词:the more the more ; just as , so; A is to B wh