10语法复习十：动词的语气

1、语法复习十：动词的语气一一虚拟语气、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下：从句主句与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）would/should/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式，should+动词原形，wereto+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形I、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。Ifmybrotherwerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.2、表示与过去事实

2、相反的假设和结果。Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn't(couldn')thavefailedintheexam.3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。IfitwereSundaytomorrow,Ishould(would，could，might)gotoseemygrandmother.Ifitweretosnowthisevening,theywouldnotgoout.4、有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,youwouldb

3、eallrightnow.5、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式：省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。Shouldhecome(Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.WereIyou(IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.(1) 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。Withoutair(Iftherewerenotair),therewouldbenolivingthings.Butforyourhelp(Ifithadn'tbeenforyourhelp)Ic

4、ouldn'thavedoneit.假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.(IfIhadn'tbeenbusythatday,Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.)Iwouldhavefinishedthework,butIhavebeenill.(IfIhadn'beenill,Iwouldhavefinishedthework.)6、省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。(1)省去条件从句。Y

5、oucouldhavewashedyourclothesyourself.省去了"Ifyouhadwantedto(2)省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme!Ifonlyshehadnotleft!三、虚拟语气的其他用法1、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在"Itisimportant(strange,natural,necessary)that"这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“hould十动词原形”结构，Itisimportantthateverymember(should)informhimselfo

6、ftheserules.2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法：在动词wish后的宾语从句中，1)表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion.2)表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用"had十过去分词”。丨wish(wished)Ihadn'tspentsomuchmoney.3)表示对将来的主观愿望：谓语动词形式为"would十动词原形”。丨wishitwouldstopraining.Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.(2)在suggest，demand,order

7、，propose，insist，command，request,desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。Idemandthathe(should)answermeimmediately.3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法在带有evenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，Evenifhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonethisoffice.(1) 由asif或asthough引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.Shetalkedaboutthef

8、ilmasifshehadreallyseenit.(2) 在inorderthat或sothat引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用“coul或mightMrgreenspokeslowlysothathisstudentscould(might)hearclearly.4、在"Itistime(that)"句型中It's(high)timewedidourhomework.5、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法(1说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌，或委婉的语气Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.(2)在一些习惯表达中。如：Iwouldr

9、athernottellyou.用“may+动词原形”表示”祝愿"、”但愿”，此时may须置于句首Maygoodluckbeyours.1. IfIwherehelived,Ianotetohim.A. knew,wouldB.hadknown,wouldhavesent2. C.know,wouldsendD.knew,wouldhavesentIftheyearlierthanexpected,theyherenow.A. hadstarted,wouldbeB.started,mightbe3. C.hadstarted,wouldhavebeenD.willstart,mig

10、hthavebeenIdidn'tknowhistelephonenumber.it,Ithen.A.HadIknown,wouldringhimupC.IfIknew;wouldringhimup6. ShouldIknow,wouldhaverunghimupD.HadIknown;wouldhaverunghimupA. Maryisilltoday.Ifshe,shewerenotill;wouldn'tbeB. absentfromschool.hadbeenill;wouldn'thavebeen5. hadbeenill;shouldhavebeenWer

11、eItodoit,Iitsomeotherway.D.hadn'tbeenill;couldbeA.willdoB.woulddoIhimtheanswerpossible,butIwassobusythen.A. couldtell;ifithadbeenB.musthavetold;wereit7. shouldhavetold;haditbeenD.shouldhavetold;shoulditbeWithoutyourhelp,wesomuch.A.won'tachieveC.don'tachieve8. didn'tachievewouldn'

12、thaveachievedYoudidn'ttakehisadvice.hisadvice,yousuchamistake.A.Hadyoutaken;wouldn'thavemadeB.Ifyouhadtaken;wouldmake9. Wereyoulotake;shouldnthavemadeD.Haveyoutaken;wonthavemadeWewishwewhatyoudidwhenwewereathighschool.10. A.didB.couldhavedoneC.havedoneD.shoulddoShewishesshetothetheatrelastni

13、ght.11. A.wentB.wouldgoC.hadgoneD.weregoingTomisveryshortnow.Hismotherwishesthathebetallwhenhegrowsup.12. MysisteradvisedmethatIaccepttheinvitation.Iinsistedthatheatonce.A.begoneB.goC.wouldgoD.mightgoLiMinginsistedthatheanythingatall.A.hadn'tstolenB.shouldn'tstealC.doesn'tstealD.steal17.

14、 Itisquitenaturalthatmycominglateagainthemveryangry.D.makeD.won'tknow19. ReaditaloudsothatIyouclearly.A.mayhearB.willhearC.hearTheygotupearlyinorderthattheytheyfirsttrain.D.haveheardA.caughtB.willcatch21.Iamsorrythatheinsuchpoorhealth.A.areB.shallbeityesterday.A.couldbuyB.shouldbuy23.Itishightim

15、ewehome.A.willgoB.wouldgo24.I'dratherthatyouhome.A.wentB.havegone26. -Ifhe,hethatfood.-Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken27.1didn'tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe,shewo

16、uldhavemetmybrother.28. A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcomeWithoutelectricity,humanlifequitedifferenttoday.29. A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbeHeyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.30. A.mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegivenD.maygiveIfcitynoisesfromincreasing,peopleshouttobeheardevenatthedinnert

17、able20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;haveto31. C.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;havetoMike'sfather,aswellashismother,insistedthathehome.32. A.stayedB.couldstayC.hasstayedD.stayMr.Smithinsistedthathetheworkall.33. A.haddoneB.havedoneC.didD.soJanewouldneverhavegonetothepartythat

18、Marywouldcometoseeher.34. A.hassheknownB.hadsheknownC'.ifsheknowD.ifshehasknownIfyouhadenoughmoney,what?35. A.willyoubuyB.wouldyoubuyC.wouldyouhaveboughtD.willyouhaveboughtIfyouthatfilmlatelastnight,youwouldn'tbesosleepy.36. A.didn'tseeB.haven'tseenC.wouldn'haveseenD.hadn'seenOurmonitorrequestedthat.A. alltheclassstudiedmorecarefullytheproblemB. theproblemwasmorecarefullystudiedC. withgreatcaretheproblemcouldbestudied37. alltheclassstudytheproblemmorecarefullyWouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible?Yes,butI.busydoingmyhomework.38. A.wasB