掌握主旨大意

1、0105全国试题掌握主旨大意题赋值年份年份20012002200320042005总计总计04/05广广东东题量题量59332222/3突破方法突破方法1. 在阅读中，尽量运用有关信息词确定主题句的位置，在阅读中，尽量运用有关信息词确定主题句的位置，如：在如：在for example, first, second等之前的句子中或在等之前的句子中或在all in all, above all等之后的句子中寻找并确定。等之后的句子中寻找并确定。2. 对于主题隐含的段落，要先弄清句子的意思，然后快对于主题隐含的段落，要先弄清句子的意思，然后快速通读文章，逐项排除，最终确定答案。速通读文章，逐项排除，

2、最终确定答案。 考查主旨大意题常见的题干 命题者大多就段落命题者大多就段落/短文的主题（短文的主题（theme/topic）、主题）、主题思想（思想（main idea）、标题（）、标题（title）等进行拟题。例如：）等进行拟题。例如： 1.The subject of the paragraph（ passage）is . 2.The paragraph（textpassage）deals with . 3.What topic is treated in this text ( passage）？）？ 4.The main idea of the paragraph（passage）is

3、 . 5.From the paragraph（text）we know that . 6.The paragraph（passage）could be entitled . 7.Which of the following is the best title for the paragraph（text )？8.The best title for this text ( passage) could be .9.The paragraph（textpassage）is mainly about .10.Which of the following statements is best su

4、pported by the last paragraph？11.What topic is the paragraph（text) discussed？12.The purpose of the paragraph（passage）is . 主旨大意题主旨大意题考查对一个段落或一篇文章的主考查对一个段落或一篇文章的主题思想的理解。一个段落或一篇文章通常是围绕题思想的理解。一个段落或一篇文章通常是围绕一个主题展开的。一个主题展开的。 理解一个段落的主题思想首先要学会寻找主理解一个段落的主题思想首先要学会寻找主题句。一般说来，在英语篇章中，题句。一般说来，在英语篇章中，主题句在段落主题句在段落中

5、的位置是有规律可循的中的位置是有规律可循的。 一一. 主题句在段落中常见的表现形式主题句在段落中常见的表现形式 Insects come in many sizesSome are big and some are smallThe smallest ones are so smal1 that it takes one hundred of them to form one inchThe biggest insects are not big，but they are one thousand times as big as the smallestThey are about ten i

6、nches in length！ 第一句即为主题句，概述本段的主题思想第一句即为主题句，概述本段的主题思想“”。接着，在主题句后面的句子里，作者为阐述这个。接着，在主题句后面的句子里，作者为阐述这个主题，指出昆虫有大有小，并对最小的昆虫和最大的昆虫主题，指出昆虫有大有小，并对最小的昆虫和最大的昆虫分别加以陈述。分别加以陈述。 2. 主题句在段尾主题句在段尾 One of the most important uses of gold is for moneyGold can be used to make rings，earrings，and other things，Gold is also

7、 used to make a gold leaf, a very flat ribbon of gold that is often used on picture framesCups and dishes can also be made from gold. Gold has many uses. 本段共有五句。前四句主要列举了金子的一本段共有五句。前四句主要列举了金子的一些用途。根据上述细节，段落的最后一句给出结些用途。根据上述细节，段落的最后一句给出结论，即金子有多种用途。这种论，即金子有多种用途。这种带结论性的句子应带结论性的句子应视为主题句视为主题句。 People who l

8、ive in countries with many doctors and modern hospitals are worlds healthiest people - right？Not necessarily. Some groups of people who have no doctors or hospitals at all are among the worlds healthiest. For example，people who live on small, faraway islands get very few diseases because there are n

9、o outsiders to bring in germs or new illness. 3. 主题句在段中主题句在段中 本段的三个层次比较明显。 第一句以设问的方式提出该文段要讨论的主题：生活在有许多医生和现代化医院的国家中的人是世界上最健康的人吗？此句起到了引出主题的作用。 第三句对前面的提问做出笼统的回答：许多生活在没有大夫和医院环境中的人也是世界上最健康的人。此句起到了陈述主题思想的作用，应枧为主题句。 段落的最后则举例对主题做进一步的解释。4.主题句在段首和段尾主题句在段首和段尾 Good manners are important in all countries，but way

10、s of expressing good manners are different from country to country. Americans eat with knives and forks；Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say “Hi” when they meet；Japanese bow. Many American men open doors for women；Japanese men do not. On the surface，it appears that good manners in America are

11、 not good manners in Japan，and in a way this is true. But in any country，the manners that are important are those involving one persons behavior toward another person. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to. It is only the way of behaving pol

12、itely that differs from country to country.本段主要说明本段主要说明“礼貌在所有国家都很礼貌在所有国家都很重要，然而各国表达礼貌的方式却不重要，然而各国表达礼貌的方式却不同同”。文段的。文段的第一句明确陈述了这一第一句明确陈述了这一看法看法。 5主题句暗含在段落中主题句暗含在段落中 An ant can pick up an object more than fifty times its own weight. A bee can pull a load more than one hundred and fifty times its weight

13、. If we were as strong in proportion to our size，we could pull a five-ton truck？If we had the jumping ability of a grasshopper，we could leap a third the length of a football field！ 此段文章无主题句。所陈述的都是细节。一只蚂蚁可搬此段文章无主题句。所陈述的都是细节。一只蚂蚁可搬起比自身重量重起比自身重量重50倍的东西。一只蜜蜂可拉动比自身重倍的东西。一只蜜蜂可拉动比自身重量重量重150倍的重物。如果我们的力气与身材成

14、比例的话，倍的重物。如果我们的力气与身材成比例的话，我们可能拉动我们可能拉动5吨的卡车。如果我们具有蚱蜢的弹跳力，吨的卡车。如果我们具有蚱蜢的弹跳力，我们可能跃过三分之一的足球场。根据以上事实，我们即我们可能跃过三分之一的足球场。根据以上事实，我们即可概括出本段落的主题思想是可概括出本段落的主题思想是: 动物的力量动物的力量”。 （NMET 2002） 1. Underground systems are already in placeMany cities have underground car parksIn some cities，such as Tokyo，Seoul and Mo

15、ntreal, there are large underground shopping areas，The “Chunnel”，a tunnel（隧道）（隧道）connecting England and France；is now completed 第一句为主题句第一句为主题句. 本段中的其他句子都是本段中的其他句子都是用来说明用来说明“地下设施地下设施”是以何种形式在地球是以何种形式在地球上上“已经存在已经存在”的具体实例。的具体实例。2. Joe is happy about being on a bowling team that bowls once a week. He als

16、o enjoys playing basketball twice a month. During the summer，he tries to play baseball on weekends. Joe really does enjoy all sports activities. He goes swimming as often as he can. Whenever he cant participate directly，he loves to watch a football game or a golf or tennis match. 本段的本段的主题句为第四句主题句为第四

17、句Joe really does enjoy all sports activities. 前三句引述了他喜欢的几种体育前三句引述了他喜欢的几种体育活动，主题句后面的两句对中心思想做了进一步活动，主题句后面的两句对中心思想做了进一步的解释和支撑。段落结构包括三个层次：引出主的解释和支撑。段落结构包括三个层次：引出主题题-呈现主题呈现主题-解释主题。解释主题。（NMET 1998）3. On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see h

18、im. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller-skates. He rolled on and on. Suddenly，he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlins grand entrance for a long time!此段落也无明确的主题句。本段说此段落也无明确的主题句。本段说MerlinMerlin

19、按计划拉着小按计划拉着小提琴，穿着自制的旱冰鞋，滑进化装舞会，令在场的人提琴，穿着自制的旱冰鞋，滑进化装舞会，令在场的人大吃一惊，由于停不住竟然将墙上的巨大镜子撞碎，则大吃一惊，由于停不住竟然将墙上的巨大镜子撞碎，则更使人久久不能忘怀。根据上文及本段的描述，可概括更使人久久不能忘怀。根据上文及本段的描述，可概括出本段的主题思想是出本段的主题思想是“MerlinMerlin的闪亮登场取得意料之外的闪亮登场取得意料之外的成功的成功”。 三三. 专项训练专项训练 阅读下面短文，从各题所给的四个选项（阅读下面短文，从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和和D）中，选出最佳选项。）中，选出最佳选项。A Wou

20、ldnt it be terrible if we didnt have grass？We would have to walk on bare soil. Can you guess what our playgrounds would look like？On a rainy day, we would get all muddy. On a dry day we would breathe clouds of dust.The short text mainly deals with . A. why we need rain B. how grass is kept greenC. h

21、ow grass helps usD. why we breathe dustB The word Waterloo has become a synonym for defeat-total defeat and complete disaster. Waterloo, a town in Belgium, was the scene of a battle in 1851 that brought overwhelming defeat to Napoleon Bonapartes French Army. At stake were the whole continent of Euro

22、pe and Napoleons dream of an empire. In a few days, over forty thousand French soldiers died. With their deaths a new word for disaster was born - Waterloo.The subject of the text is . A. where Waterloo is B. who named Waterloo C. why Napoleon was defeated D. how Waterloo came to mean defeatCRats ar

23、e still almost as big a danger to people as they were long ago. They still spread disease and eat crops. Much of the hunger we have today is caused by rats. They eat half of the grain harvested in the world.This paragraph mainly tells us .A. that we are short of grain because of ratsB. why rats are

24、still an enemy of peopleC. how rats destroy our food D. why rats cause diseaseD A newspaper in Helsinki，Finland，recently published a cartoon of a baby with a mobile phone，telling his parents his diaper（尿布）needed changing. But its hardly a joke. Helsinki is home to Nokia，the mobile-phone maker. Its o

25、ne of the most “mobile” cities in the world: About 92 percent of its households have at least one mobile phone. And the kids start young . “One of the first things we discuss when school starts is the rules for mobile phones,”says Tina Korppi，a teacherAmong the rules: You have to put it away out of

26、sight. You cannot turn it on. You cannot send text messages to your friends, or play amusing tunes（令人发笑的曲调）in class，Or call your parents or call for a pizza during history.The text is mainly about .A. different uses of mobile phones B. a successful mobile phone makerC. effects of mobile phones on ch

27、ildren D. school rules for the use of mobile phones E “Even when a man is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes, “ the two share little about their innermost feelings. Whereas a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage. It wasnt unusual to hear a man say he didnt know his friends marriage was in serious trouble until h