Unit5TermsofPayment

1、Unit 5 Terms of PaymentOverviewnTerms of payment means the way or method of making payment. Methods of Intl Payment 国际支付结算方式国际支付结算方式nMethods of Intl Payment nRemittance 汇款nCollection 托收 Clean Collection 光票托收 Documentary Collection跟单托收 D/A & D/P nL/C 信用证n汇付是通过进出口商双方所在地银行的汇兑业务进行结算，即由汇款人将货款交所在地银行，由

2、该银行委托收款人在所在地银行转交给收款人。n无论哪种汇付方式，货运单据都是由出口人自行寄给进口人，银行并不经手。Remittance 汇付汇付Draft nDraft is a written, dated, and signed three-party instrument containing an unconditional order by a drawer(出票人） that directs a drawee（受票人/付款人） to pay a definite sum of money to a payee（受款人） on demand or at a specified futu

3、re date. Also known as a Bill of Exchange.是出票人签发的，委托付款人在见票时或者在将来可以确定的时间或固定时间无条件支付确定的金额给持票人的票据。Types of DraftnAccording to the date of payment, draft can be classified:nDraft at sight (即期汇票) nDraft after sight (远期汇票)Collection 托收托收nIt means the handling of documents by banks in accordance with instru

4、ctions received, in order to托收指银行根据所收到的指示， 处理金融单据或商业单据， 以求: nObtain payment or acceptance 获得付款及/或承兑nDeliver documents against payment or against acceptance 凭付款及/或承兑交单。n托收指出口方委托银行委托银行通过其往来银行凭一定的单据向进口方收取交易款项的商业信用商业信用支付方式。Collection ( (托收托收) )clean collection( (光票托收光票托收) )documentary collection ( (跟单托收

5、跟单托收) )documents against payment ( (D/P) )付款交单付款交单documents againstacceptance ( (D/A) )承兑交单承兑交单CollectionTypes of Collection1. Clean Collection光票托收光票托收nIt means collection of financial documents not accompanied by commercial documents.指不附带商业单据（发票，提单等）的金融单据（汇票，支票）的托收。nMainly used for small amount tra

6、nsaction, advance payment（预付款）, installment payment（分期付款）, etc.2. Documentary Collection 跟单跟单托收托收-银行受出口商委托，凭银行受出口商委托，凭汇票汇票、和、和发票、发票、提单提单、保险单等商业单据向进口、保险单等商业单据向进口商收取货款的结算方式，卖方以买方为商收取货款的结算方式，卖方以买方为付款人开立汇票，委托银行代其向买方付款人开立汇票，委托银行代其向买方收取货款。收取货款。Types of CollectionTypes of CollectionnDocuments Against Payme

7、nt, D/P 付款交单付款交单 The collecting bank may release the documents only against immediate payment. It can be classified into D/P At Sight and D/P After Sight. 出口商的交单是以出口商的交单是以进口商的付款为条件进口商的付款为条件。指出口商将汇票连同商业单据委托银行代收款项时，指示银行只有在进口商付清款项后才能将商业单据交给进口商。又可分为即期和远期付款交单。Types of CollectionnDocuments Against Accepta

8、nce, D/A承兑交单承兑交单)nThe collecting bank may release the documents against the buyers acceptance of a draft, for instance, drawn payable 6080 days after sight or due on a definite date. After acceptance, the buyer(importer) gains possession of the goods before the payment is made. The buyer will make p

9、ayment when the time draft is mature. 出口商的交单是以进口商在汇票上承兑为条件出口商的交单是以进口商在汇票上承兑为条件。指出口商按照合同规定装货后，开具远期汇票连同商业单据交当地托收行，指示并委托其在进口地的与其有和约关系的代收行向进口商作出提示，进口商承兑远期汇票，便可领取商业单据、提取货物，待远期汇票到期时再付清货款。Characteristics of Collection nCollection is based on commercial credit 托收中出口方能否安全收到货款，跟银行无关。银行只向进出口双方收取佣金，不提供担保和信用。 n对

10、于出口商：承兑交单风险最大 ，付款交单风险较小。 n对于进口商：付款后拿到假货、次货 Letter of Credit 信用证信用证nL/C : nA document issued by a bank at the request of an importer. The letter of credit states the bank will pay a specified sum of money to a beneficiary(受益人）, normally the exporter, on presentation of particular, specified documents

11、. 由一家银行（开证行）在进口商（申请人）的要求和提示下开具的文件。该文件规定银行要在受益人（通常是出口商）提交规定的单据情况下提交规定的单据情况下支付规定数量的款额。n信用证是一种银行开立的有条件的承诺付款有条件的承诺付款的书面文件。也即进口商在合同中的付款义务由银行来承担。是一种可靠又安全的支付方式，对买卖双方都有保障，国际贸易最常用的支付方法。Letter of Credit 信用证信用证nIt is the usual practice that the letter of credit is to be opened and to reach the sellers 30 days

12、ahead of shipment so as to give the seller enough time to make preparation for shipment, such as making the goods ready and booking shipping space. Beneficiary/Exporter 受益人受益人/出口商出口商Applicant/Importer开证申请人开证申请人/进口商进口商Issuing bank/ Paying bank开证行开证行/付款行付款行进口地银行进口地银行9通通知知赎赎单单10付付款款1申申请请开开证证2 开出信用证开出信用

13、证7 寄单索汇寄单索汇8 偿付偿付Notifying/Negotiating bank通知通知/议付行议付行出口地银行出口地银行6议议付付3通通知知4 装船装船11 提货提货 The Procedure of L/C Business5交交单，单，汇汇票票The Procedure of L/C Businessn进出口商在贸易合同中，规定使用信用证支付方式。n进口商向当地银行要求开立以出口商为受益人的信用证，同时交纳押金或其它保证。n开证行根据申请内容，向出口商（受益人）开出信用证，并寄交出口商国家的往来银行。因进口商银行开立信用证，故被成为开证行。n出口商银行收到开证行的信用证后将其递交给

14、出口商。由于该银行通知出口商领取信用证，故被称为通知行。The Procedure of L/C Businessn出口商审核信用证与合同相符合后，按照信用证规定完成装运,并备齐各项信用证要求的装运单据，把汇票和装运单据递交通知行（要求议付，议付行按信用证条款审核单据无误后，按汇票金额扣除利息，把货款垫付给出口商。）The Procedure of L/C Businessn通知行将汇票和货运单据寄开证行（或其指定的付款行）要求支付。n开证行收到汇票及装运单据后通知进口商付款赎单。进口商付款并取得货运单据后，凭此向承运人提货。n开证行把货款汇给通知行。（通知行收到货款后交给出口商。）Negot

15、iating bank 议付行n议付-是指由被授权议付的银行对汇票/单据付出对价。如果只审查单据而不支付对价并不构成议付。议付行是准备向受益人购买信用证下单据的银行，一般是出口商所在地银行。n议付行-是根据开证行在议付信用证中的授权，买进受益人提交的汇票和单据的银行。Negotiating bank 议付行n开证申请人、开证行、受益人是信用证关系中的主要当事人，那么议付行在信用证关系中的作用是什么呢？根据信用证流程，受益人备齐所有单据后，向通知行提交全套单据，如果通知行不对信用证进行议付的话，那么其仅仅是接受单据并将之转递开证行。受益人要等到开证行审单完毕，确认单证相符，并将信用证金额扣除必要

16、费用的净额付至通知行后，才能从通知行获取货款。Negotiating bank 议付行n如果通知行接受开证行邀请，愿意对信用证进行议付，就成为议付行。议付行审单确认单证相符，便留下单据，将信用证净额(信用证金额扣去利息)交付受益人，即议付行实际是用自己的资金将单据买下，对受益人提供资金融通。议付行购买受益人的单据和汇票是建立在开证行保证偿付的基础上。Characteristics of L/CnL/C belongs to bank credit while collection belongs to commercial credit.nL/C is based on the sales c

17、ontract, once opened, it is independent of the sales contract.L/C, D/P and D/An在其他付款方式中，银行只能做托收和汇付的工作，对进口商不付货款不予负责；而在信用证的情况下，开证行以自己的信用为交易垫付货款。n就卖方的利益来说，L/C比D/P好，D/P at sight 比D/P after sight 好，而付款交单D/P 比承兑交单D/A好。在国际贸易中，只在进口商财务状况良好，或过去一系列业务中进口商付款可靠，从而取得出口商信任，才可以接受托收的支付方式。Irrevocable L/CnIt is a credi

18、t that constitutes a definite undertaking of the issuing bank and can be amended or cancelled by it only on condition that all parties consented.信用证一经开出，在有效期内未经信用证诸当事人即受益人（出口商）、开证申请人、及有关银行的同意， 开证行或者开证申请人对已开出的信用证不能作片面的修改或者撤销。n信用证未注明是否可撤销，视为不可撤销。Business letters concerning L/CnUrging establishment of

19、L/CnAmendment of L/CnExtension of L/COpen the letter in a positive way. In the first paragraph the seller usually informs the buyer that the goods are ready for dispatch or that the shipping space has already been booked. Politely push the buyers to open the L/C without delay, either by referring to

20、 the stipulations of the contract or by reminding the buyers of the seriousness of not opening the L/C in time.3. Express expectations and ask the buyers to take immediate action.Urging establishment of L/CDear Sirs:We refer to your order MFT 09071 and our S/C No. 3386. The goods under the above-men

21、tioned S/C have been ready for quite some time.According to the S/C, shipment is to be made before May 25. We sent you a fax two days ago asking you to expedite the relevant L/C, but have not received any reply by now.The shipment date is approaching. We must point out that we shall be unable to eff

22、ect shipment within the stipulated time unless your L/C reaches us before the end of this week.We hope this letter will receive your prompt attention.Yours sincerely,Key words:nexpedite v. 加速（进程等）；促进（措施等）；迅速处理（事务）ne.g. Please try your best to expedite the establishment of the relative L/C. Key words

23、:nstipulation 规定nThe company fails to pay on the date stipulated in the contract. 该公司没有按合同中规定的日期付款。nThe Constitution stipulates that women shall have equal rights with men in voting and being elected. 宪法规定妇女和男子一样，有同等的选举权和被选举权。Urging establishment of L/CDear Sirs,Referring to our contract No. 384, we

24、 have not received any information from you about your L/C which should have reached us before June 2, 2001.We wish to indicate that our goods under the above-mentioned contract have been ready for shipment for quite some time. We have always been waiting for your L/C.Please inform us of what diffic

25、ulty you have in opening L/C in receipt of this letter.We are looking forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely, Urging establishment of L/CDear Sir,Referring to the 5,000 pieces of Poplin under our Sales Confirmation No. 518, we wish to call your attention to the fact that the date of delivery is

26、 drawing near. But up to now, we have not received the covering Letter of Credit. Please do your utmost to expedite its establishment, so that we may execute the order within the prescribed time. For your information, S.S. Peace is due to sail for your port around middle of next month, according to

27、the shipping company here. If we have your L/C before the end of this month, we might catch that steamer. In order to avoid subsequent amendments, please see to it that the L/C stipulations are in strict conformity with the terms of the contract. We look forward to receiving your favorable response

28、at an early date. Yours faithfully, Key words:nprescribe 规定nWe refer you to your L/C No. 2003 which prescribes that transshipment is not allowed. 请查阅你方第2003号信用证，该信用证规定不允许转船。nWe trust you will ship our order within the time prescribed. 我们相信你方会在规定的时间内装运我方订货。Key words:nsee to it that 务必使; 保证使nPlease se

29、e to it that the L/C is timed to reach here before the end of this month.请注意安排使信用证在月内到达这里。nsubsequent 随后的，后来的nHe confessed to other crimes subsequent to the bank robbery.他供认抢劫银行案后，又坦白了其他罪行。 Key words:nin conformity with 符合，和一致nI went to the place in conformity with your instructions. 依照你的指示我去了那个地方。n

30、We should act in conformity with the rules. 我们应该依照规定行事。It is essential for the exporter to do so becausea minor difference between the clauses of the L/C and the terms stipulated in the sales contract or sales confirmation , if not discovered or duly amended, may cause the seller much inconvenience

31、because the negotiating bank will refuse to make the payment. There are times when the exporter fails to get the goods ready for the shipment in time or the importer requests that shipment be postponed for one reason or another. Under such circumstances, the exporter will have to ask for extension o

32、f the expiry date as well as the date of shipment of the L/C.1. Acknowledge receipt of the L/C and thank the buyer for opening it.2. Point out the problem politely and ask the buyer to make the amendment accordingly. Usually, detailed and courteous explanations for such a request should be provided.

33、 3. End the letter in a way that encourages thebuyer to take immediate action. Amendment of L/CGentlemen:We have received your letter of credit No. 319, but we noticed it contains the following discrepancies: 1. The commission granted for this transaction should be 3%, but your L/C demands a commiss

34、ion of 5%. 2. The shipment should be made during August/September, instead of “on or before 31 August”. Please amend your L/C as soon as possible in order to enable us to effect shipment duly. Yours sincerely,Key words:namendment 改正，改善namendment advice 修改通知书nPlease rush the amendment to the L/C. 请对信

35、用证速做修改。nThat representative brought forth an amendment to the press law. 那位代表提出了一项对新闻法的修正案。 nPlease amend your copy of the contract accordingly. 请将你的合同文本作相应的修正。Key words:ndiscrepancy 相差，差异，差别 nThe price tag says $100 and you charged me for $120; how do you explain the discrepancy? 货物标签上写的是一百美元，你向我索价

36、一百二十美元，这个差异该怎么解释？ngrant 同意，承认，授予nI grant that your explanation is reasonable. 我承认你的解释是合理的。Amendment of L/CDear Mr. Gray,Your letter of credit no. 2233 issued by the Bank of Barclays has arrived. On examination, we find that transshipment and partial shipment are not allowed.As direct sailings to Liv

37、erpool are infrequent, we have to ship via London more often than not. As a result, transshipment may be necessary. With regard to partial shipment, it would speed matters up if we could ship immediately the goods we have in stock instead of waiting for the whole shipment to be completed.With this i

38、n mind, we faxed you today, asking for the letter of credit to be amended to read: “partial shipment and transshipment allowed”.We trust this amendment will meet with your approval and you will fax us to that effect without delay. Yours faithfully, Key words:ninfrequent 不频发的，不常见的nExplosions, though

39、infrequent, are an occupational hazard for coal-miners. 矿井爆炸虽然不常发生，但却是煤矿工人职业中的危险。nvia prep. 由；通过；取道nThe goods will go via Hong Kong.nThe sample you required were sent via airmail.Key words:nin stock 存货nWe dont have that color in stock. This is the nearest. 我们的现货中没有那种颜色-这是最近似的。nto that effect 就意思nWe

40、wrote you last week to the effect that we were inspecting the goods. 上周我们给你去信，大意是说我们正在检查这批货物。nWe are faxing you to this effect. 我们按这个意思传真给你方。信用证的审核内容：n信用证的种类与合同一致。n信用证的两个主要当事人，即开证人和受益人的名称必须准确无误。n信用证中的合同号码是否正确。n信用证是否有效。n信用证金额与合同规定一致。n付款是即期还是远期。信用证的审核内容：n信用证有效期，交单期是否充裕。n货物或商品的说明必须与合同一致。n装运港及目的港必须与合同一致。n有关保险的规定应与合同一致。n信用证是否存在其它不合理的要求。Extensi