英语分词participle

1、现在分词现在分词: 表示动作是主动的和正在进行表示动作是主动的和正在进行过去分词过去分词: 表示动作是被动的和完成表示动作是被动的和完成分词在句中可以作分词在句中可以作表语表语、定语定语、宾语补足宾语补足语和状语语和状语。I. Participle used as attributes （定语）（定语） 位置位置: 单个分词位于名词前，短语则在名词后单个分词位于名词前，短语则在名词后,被分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑被分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语主语。 The stolen car was found by the police last week.受伤的工人受伤的工人are b

2、eing treated well.The injured workersThe missing boy was found by the police last week.在这里工作的农民在这里工作的农民 are very busy.The farmers working here 2. 作用作用-相当于一个相当于一个定语从句定语从句（2）The book, which was written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.=Is there anything that has been planned for tonight?（1）Is

3、 there anything planned for tonight ？= The book, written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners. 注：注：The problem （discussed yesterday） has something to do with daily life. （表示完成）（表示完成） The problem （being discussed now） has nothing to do with daily life.（表示正在进行）（表示正在进行） II. Participles used as pre

4、dictive（表语）表语）1. 分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态，分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态， 其逻辑主语就是句子的主语其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。 The movie was exciting. She was excited. 现在分词：主语的特征或性质，现在分词：主语的特征或性质，“令人令人”，表主动，表主动过去分词：主语的感受，过去分词：主语的感受，“感到感到”，表被动，表被动 They feel disappointed at the election. How disappointing the election is! 这场选举多么令人失望这场选举多么令人失望! !他们对这场选

5、举感到失望他们对这场选举感到失望. . Can you make a sentence? -ing vs -ed常见的这类此有：常见的这类此有：interesting interested encouraging encouraged delightingdelighted disappointingdisappointed pleasingpleased puzzlingpuzzled satisfyingsatisfied surprisingsurprised worryingworriedIII. Past participle used as the Object Complemen

6、t (宾语补足语宾语补足语) 1. 表表“希望，要求希望，要求”的动词：的动词： want, wish, expect, wish, like, order + done 表示表示“希望希望/要求某人或某事被要求某人或某事被”e.g. I want the work finished by Sunday. Jim ordered the room cleaned. Get sth. done; have sth. done2. 2. 表表“感觉，感觉， 心理状态心理状态”的动词：的动词：see, hear, find, feel, think, watch, notice + object(宾

7、语宾语) + p.p.e.g. We saw the thief caught by the police. People found the water polluted. Have you heard a pop song sung in Japanese? 这里这里object是是 感官动词的宾语感官动词的宾语但对于但对于p.p.来说来说,是主动关系是主动关系 不定式不定式, 现在分词现在分词, 过去分词过去分词作宾补的区别作宾补的区别:三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系不带不带to的不定式的不定式强调动作发生的全过程强调动作发生的全过程现在分词现在分词强调他们之间

8、的主动关系，正在进行强调他们之间的主动关系，正在进行过去分词过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系，完成强调他们之间的被动关系，完成I saw her come into the classroom. I saw her coming into the classroom. I saw her taken out of the classroom.3.3.使役动词使役动词: :make, get, have, keep,leave, etc. e.g. We must get the table cloth washed. = We must ask somebody to wash the tabl

9、e cloth. He had his watch repaired.4. 在在“with / without宾语宾补宾语宾补(过去分过去分词词)”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动动宾关系宾关系。e.g. Do you know the man with his hair tied back?_tie的宾语的宾语IV. Participles used as the Adverbial(状语状语)分词作状语相当于分词作状语相当于状语从句状语从句 When he was asked why he did it, he began to cry.1. 分词作分词作

10、时间状语时间状语相当于时间状语从句相当于时间状语从句Asked why he did it, he began to cry.When he was answering the question, he began to cry. Answering the question, he began to cry. Given more time, Ill catch up with you.2. 分词作分词作条件状语条件状语相当于条件状语从句相当于条件状语从句(If I am) given more time, Ill catch up with you.Spending more time,

11、I can catch up with you.(If I )spend more time, I can catch up with you.3. 分词作分词作原因状语原因状语相当于原因状语从句相当于原因状语从句Since he was brought up in the village, he knows many people there. Brought up in the village, he knows many people there.Living in the countryside, he knows many flowers names.(Since he) lives

12、 in the countryside, he knows many flowers names.Although they were defeated many times, they continued to fight.4. 分词作分词作让步状语让步状语相当于让步状语从句相当于让步状语从句Failing, I will never give up.Although I failed, I will never give up.Defeated many times, they continue to fight.The teacher entered the classroom and

13、he was followed by a group of students.5. 表示方式和伴随情况表示方式和伴随情况时时, 可以转换为一个可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。并列的谓语成分。The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of student.The teacher entered the classroom, bringing our test paper.The teacher entered the classroom (and he) brought our test paper.分词作状语时分词作状语时, 为

14、了使意义更加明确为了使意义更加明确,也可以在分词前也可以在分词前加上对应的连词加上对应的连词when,as,if 等等4. Although defeated many times, they continue to fight.3. Since living in the countryside, he knows many flowers names.2. If spending more time, Ill catch up with you.1. When asked why he did it, he began to cry.注意：带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句注意：带有连

15、词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为省略的部分为主语主语+be的相应变化形式的相应变化形式.现在分词与过去分词作状语时的区别现在分词与过去分词作状语时的区别_London (夜里参观伦敦夜里参观伦敦)at night, you feel like in a dream._ (当有人夜里来访当有人夜里来访)at night , you must make sure the visitor is really your friend.When visitingWhen visited选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。 分词的动作是主句

16、的主语发出，分词用现在分词，分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词用现在分词，反之用过去分词。反之用过去分词。_ (写完了所有写完了所有的信之后的信之后)，I had a drink and went out.Having finished all my letters_ (信写完之后信写完之后)，the letter should be read to the one who asks you to write it.Finished 从山顶看，从山顶看， 我们能看到一个美丽的公园。我们能看到一个美丽的公园。 从山顶看，从山顶看， 公园很美丽。公园很美丽。Seeing from the top o

17、f the hill, we can see a beautiful park.Seen from the top of the hill, the park is beautiful. 1）Seeing from the tower，you will see the whole city. 2）Seen from the tower，you will be like small ant. 3）I found a pot containing many old coins. 4）I have got a pot found under the ground by accident. 5）I h

18、eard the girl singing when I passed by her room. 6）I have heard the girl beaten to death by her boss._ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)_ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress) be lost in； be dressed in； be interested in； be devoted to； be supposed to； be caught in

19、 the rain； be seated in； be prepared for； be determined to Lost2. 系表结构表示主语所处的状态系表结构表示主语所处的状态Dressed类似的还有：类似的还有： Generally speaking 一般说来一般说来 Given 鉴于鉴于 Judging from/by 根据根据来看来看 Considering 考虑到考虑到 Supposing that 假如假如 Talking of 说到说到 Seeing (that) 鉴于，由于鉴于，由于 固定用法：固定用法：独立主格结构独立主格结构 分词的独立主格结构由分词的独立主格结构由

20、“逻辑主语（名词或代词）逻辑主语（名词或代词）+分词分词”构构成成 使用前提：使用前提： 分词的主语分词的主语 与与 主句主语主句主语 不同不同1逻辑主语逻辑主语+现在分词现在分词 表示主动的意义表示主动的意义 班长回来后，我们一起讨论了问题班长回来后，我们一起讨论了问题 名词名词+现在分词，相当于状语从句现在分词，相当于状语从句 When our monitor came back, we Our monitor coming back, we discussed the topic together. All being well, the project will be finished

21、 in four months.= If all is well, 代词代词+现在分词，相当于条件状语从句现在分词，相当于条件状语从句 Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was over.= As nobody had any more to say, 代词代词+现在分词，相当于原因状语从句现在分词，相当于原因状语从句 She walked along the path, her daughter following close behind.= She walked along the path and her daughter follo

22、wed close behind.代词代词+现在分词，伴随意义，相当于并列句现在分词，伴随意义，相当于并列句2逻辑主语逻辑主语+过去分词过去分词 表示被动的意义表示被动的意义 This done, all of us went home.= When this was done, all of us went home.代词代词+过去分词，相当于时间状语从句过去分词，相当于时间状语从句 Good luck given, I will earn more money than all of you.= If good luck is given, I will earn more money t

23、han all of you.名词名词+过去分词，相当于条件状语从句过去分词，相当于条件状语从句 He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head.= He was lying on the grass and his hands crossed under his head.代词代词+过去分词，伴随意义，相当于并列句过去分词，伴随意义，相当于并列句3逻辑主语逻辑主语+分词的完成式分词的完成式 或分词的完成被动式或分词的完成被动式 因为地震摧毁了他们的家园，他们移到了洞里。因为地震摧毁了他们的家园，他们移到了洞里。 = As

24、 the earthquake had destroyed their house, The earthquake having destroyed their house, they had to move into a cave.名词名词+分词的完成式，相当于原因状语从句分词的完成式，相当于原因状语从句 贼已被擒，我们放心了。贼已被擒，我们放心了。 The thief having been caught, they felt relieved.名词名词+分词的完成被动式，相当于原因状语从句分词的完成被动式，相当于原因状语从句 The moon having risen, we took

25、a walk in the fields.= When the moon had risen, 名词名词+分词的完成式，相当于时间状语从句分词的完成式，相当于时间状语从句 So much time having been spent, the work is only half done.= Though so much time has been spent, 名词名词+分词的完成被动式，相当于让步状语分词的完成被动式，相当于让步状语从句从句4There + being + 其他成分其他成分 There being nothing to do, we had to leave earlier

26、.= As there was nothing to do, =Having nothing to do, we had to leave earlier.现在分词的惯用语现在分词的惯用语feel like doing= intend to doeg.Ifeellikesleeping.It goes without saying that= It is needless to say thateg.Itgoeswithoutsayingthathewillnevergiveup.There is no doing= It is impossible to doeg.Thereisnogoin

27、goutbecauseoftheheavyrain.be on the point of doing= be about to doeg.Hewasonthepointofleavingwhenthetelephonerang.Exercise: The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_the next year. A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out 2.Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the

28、 washing machine she had had _went wrong again. A.it B. it repaired C.repaired D. to be repaired3.With a lot of difficult problems_,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settled B.settlingC.to settle D.being settled4.With trees,flowers and grass_everywhere, my native town had takenanew

29、 look.A.planting B.plantedC.to plant D.to be planted5. She was glad to see her child well_ care of. A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking6.The result of the entrance exams was not made _to the public until last Thursday. A.knowing B. known C.to know D.to be known7. I can make you _what I say,but

30、 you cant make yourself_in English. A.understand; understand B.understand; understood C.to understand; understand D.understand; to be understood8.He found them_at a table_A.sat; to play chessB.sitting; to play chessC.seated; playing chessD.seat; play the chess9. John rushed out in a hurry,_the door_.A.leaving; unlocked B. leaving; unlockingC.left,