中考英语复习 第二篇 语法突破篇 专题九 动词和动词短语课件

1、专题九动词和动词短语专题九动词和动词短语-2-3-4-5-6-考点1考点2考点3实义动词 1.(2017乐山中考)Murray plans to study art in the U.K.His friends will him off at the airport next week.A.takeB.see C.leave【解析】B考查动词的辨析。由句意“下周他的朋友在机场为他送行。”可知,表示“给某人送行”的see sb.off符合句意;而take“乘坐;花费”、leave“离开”均与句意不符。故选B。2.(2017天津中考) When you break the rules,you sh

2、ould to your teacher.A.apologise B.introduce C.expect D.compare【解析】A考查动词的辨析。句意:当你违反校规时,你应该向你老师道歉。表示“道歉”应用apologize/apologise。故选A。-7-考点1考点2考点33.(2017安徽中考)It is necessary for schools to the need of all the students development.A.cutB.hide C.refuseD.satisfy【解析】D考查动词词义辨析。句意:对于学校来说, 所有学生发展的需求是很有必要的。由句意推知

3、,这里指的是“满足所有学生的发展需求”。故选D。 4.(2017连云港中考) The newly-opened company the local people with more chances to work.A.gives B.providesC.offers D.shows【解析】B考查动词辨析。句意:那个新开业的公司给当地的人们提供更多的就业机会。根据后面的with可知用provide与之构成短语provide sb.with sth.( 提供某人某物)。故选B。-8-考点1考点2考点35.(2017南京中考)We cant enter the room.I cant find my

4、 key.Is it possible that you it at home?A.leftB.fixedC.managedD.designed【解析】A考查动词的辨析。句意:“我们不能进入房间,我不能找到钥匙”“有可能你把它 在家里吗”。把某物忘记在某处动词用left。故选A。 6.(2017苏州中考)Sorry,Ive forgotten your name.Can you me?Im Daniel.A.remindB.receiveC.respectD.remember【解析】A考查动词的辨析。句意:对不起,我已经忘了你的名字,你能提醒我吗?我是丹尼尔。表示“提醒”应用remind。故选

5、A。-9-考点1考点2考点37.(2017江西中考)Would you like to see a movie with me on Saturday night?Sorry,I didnt it.Could you please say it again?A.receive B.catchC.findD.finish【解析】B考查动词词义辨析。句意为:星期六晚上你想和我一起看电影吗?对不起,我没有它。请你再说一遍可以吗?receive“收到”;catch“明白;抓住”;find“发现;找到”,强调结果;finish“完成”。根据Could you please say it again?可知

6、,“我没有听清。”用catch。故选B。 -10-考点1考点2考点38.(2017济宁中考) That one mistake almost him his life.A.took B.paidC.cost D.spent【解析】C考查动词词义辨析。这四个词均可表示“花费”,但用法不同:take的主语通常是it,常用it takes sb.+时间/钱+to do sth;pay主语通常是人,一般跟介词for搭配;cost的主语往往是物或某种活动;spend的主语通常是人,常用句型spend+时间/钱+doing sth./on sth.。根据句子的主语That one mistake可知答案选

7、C。-11-考点1考点2考点39.(2017东营中考)Waiter,theres a fly(苍蝇)swimming in my soup.So what do you me to do,call a lifeguard(救生员)?A.warn B.expect C.invite D.encourage【解析】B考查动词辨析。句意:服务员,在我们的汤里有一只苍蝇。那么你期望我做什么,给救生员打电话吗?”warn警告;expect期望;invite邀请;encourage鼓励。由“给救生员打电话”,可知服务员要表达“你期望我做什么”。故选B。 -12-考点1考点2考点310.(2017襄阳中考)

8、Great!Our womens volleyball team the gold medal in Rio Olympic Games on Saturday.Yes.We see the great spirit of Chinese womens volleyball team once again.A.won B.beat C.lostD.missed【解析】A考查动词辨析。句意:真棒!我们的女排在星期六的巴西奥运会上获得了金牌。是的。我们再次看到伟大的女排精神。win获得;赢得,后面常跟奖品、奖项、荣誉类等名词;beat 打败,后面常跟某人、某团体、队伍类名词;lose丢失,后面跟丢

9、失的物品或人等;miss思念;错过。中国女排赢得金牌,所以谓语动词应该用win的过去式won。故选A。-13-考点1考点2考点3一、实义动词的分类实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词,又可称为行为动词,如work,study,run等。按其句法作用分为及物动词和不及物动词;按其持续性分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。1.及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整,后面要跟一个名词或代词等作宾语才能使其意思完整。(1)动词+宾语。Dick is watching TV.迪克正在看电视。(2)动词+宾语+宾补。We call her Linda.我们叫她琳达。-14-考点1考点2考点3【注意】接省略to的不定式或现在分词作

10、宾补的动词有:make,let,see,watch,have,hear,notice等。(3)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。My friend often gives me some old books.我的朋友经常给我一些旧书。【注意】常见的带双宾语的动词有:give,buy,tell,write,read,teach,bring,get,leave,pass,offer,lend,return,serve等。-15-考点1考点2考点32.不及物动词不及物动词自身意思完整,无需接宾语。后接宾语时,必须先加介词、副词等,使其变成及物的动词短语。He doesnt agree.他不同意。She is

11、 looking at the picture.她正在看照片。【注意】有些动词既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词。We must study English well.我们必须学好英语。We must study hard.我们必须努力学习。The boys are flying kites.男孩们正在放风筝。Birds can fly.鸟会飞。-16-考点1考点2考点33.延续性动词和短暂性动词(1)延续性动词表示动作是延续的,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。这样的词有live,stay,work,keep,study,teach等。You can keep the book for a wee

12、k.你可以借用这本书一个星期。(2)短暂性动词表示瞬间动作,动作一经发生立即结束,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。这样的词有die,buy,borrow,lend,arrive,join,finish,go,come,catch等。His grandfather died two days ago.他的祖父两天前去世了。-17-考点1考点2考点3二、易混动词词义辨析1.spend,cost,take与payspend指花费时间或者金钱,后接on sth.或(in)doing sth.;cost的主语为物,意为“值多少钱”;take表示花费多少时间,可用于固定句型“It+takes/took+sb

13、.+时间+to do sth.”;pay表示“花费,支付,付款”,用表示人的名词或代词作主语,多与介词for连用。He spends most of his time in studying.他的大部分时间都用在学习上。How much does it cost?这东西要多少钱?It took me about half an hour to get to the airport.到机场花了我大概半小时。Ill pay for the tickets.我来买票。-18-考点1考点2考点32.get,reach与arriveget,reach与arrive三者都表示“到达”。arrive和get

14、是不及物动词,后面需要加介词然后加地点,其中“arrive at+小地方”,“arrive in+大地方”,“get to+地点”;reach是及物动词,后面直接加地点。但三个词接here,there,home之类的表地点的副词作状语时省略介词。We arrived at the station five minutes late.我们到车站晚了五分钟。They will arrive in Paris next Monday.他们将于下周一到达巴黎。When we got to the park,it began to rain.我们到达公园时,天开始下雨了。When did he reac

15、h home yesterday?昨天他什么时候到的家?-19-考点1考点2考点33.happen与 take placehappen和take place 都可表示“发生”。happen 为不及物动词,表示“偶然发生”,如果后接不定式,是“碰巧”的意思;take place 通常指经过安排或有计划地使某事“发生”。If anything happens,please let me know.有什么事发生,请告诉我。I happened to meet him on my way home.我在回家的路上碰巧遇到他。Great changes have taken place in my ho

16、metown.我的家乡发生了巨大变化。-20-考点1考点2考点34.raise与 riseraise是及物动词,意为“提高;增加;筹款;养育”等,后面可直接带宾语;rise是不及物动词,意为“上升,升高,上涨”。She stood up and raised her voice.她站了起来,抬高了嗓门。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。-21-考点1考点2考点35.dress,put on与weardress表示“穿”,dress sb.“给某人穿衣服”,dress sb.up“打扮某人”;put on与wear都表示“

17、穿上,戴上”,put on表示动作,wear表示状态。Lets dress the kids or well never be on time.让我们替孩子们穿衣服吧,否则我们决不会按时到达。What dress shall I put on for the meeting?我穿什么衣服去开会?He was wearing a brown uniform.他穿着一件棕色制服。-22-考点1考点2考点3(D)1.(2017广东二模)I plan a Mobike to work from tomorrow on.Me too.Its better than driving a car.A.rid

18、eB.ridingC.rodeD.to ride(C)2.Its exciting that the Chinese national volleyball team the Serbian team by 3 1 and the championship on August 21st,2016.A.won;beatB.lost;missedC.beat;wonD.missed;lost(A)3.Whats that boy doing?He is jumping like a monkey to the baby laugh.A.make B.decide C.ask D.want-23-考

19、点1考点2考点3(B)4.The boy promised late for school again.A.to not beB.not to be C.not beingD.being not(B)5.I didnt hear you come in just now.Thats good.We tried you up.A.to wakeB.not to wakeC.wakingD.not waking(C)6.Why is Lily so popular among students?Because she often us with help and care.A.gives B.of

20、fers C.providesD.supplies(A)7.The English teacher keeps advising us more.A.to practice speakingB.practicing to speakC.to practise to speak D.practicing speaking-24-考点1考点2考点3(B)8.How long have you the book?Only too days.I it from the library yesterday morning.A.borrowed;borrowedB.kept;borrowedC.borro

21、wed;keptD.lent;borrowed-25-考点1考点2考点3系动词及助动词 1.(2017海南中考)I sick.I may have a fever.Youd better go to see a doctor.A.feelB.look C.sound【解析】A考查动词辨析。句意:我感觉有点恶心,我可能是发烧了。你最好去看医生。sick意为“恶心的”,是一种感觉。 feel 感到,look 看到,sound 听到。故选A。-26-考点1考点2考点32.(2017阜康中考)Do you like the songs by Taylor?Yes.Country music nice

22、and full of feelings.A.sounds B.listensC.hears D.looks【解析】A考查动词的用法辨析。句意:那你喜欢泰勒唱的歌吗?是的。乡村音乐听起来很优美,充满了感情。sound“听起来”;listen“听”;hear“听说”;look“看起来”。句子中的主语为“Country music”,只能与sound搭配。故选A。-27-考点1考点2考点33.(2017青海中考)Tony,can you guess what I am cooking?It like mutton.A.smellsB.looksC.tastes【解析】A考查系动词。题干意为:Ton

23、y,你能猜出来我正在煮什么吗?它 像羊肉。由于题干有提示词guess,故可知没有“品尝”,也没“看到”。可以推断是通过“闻”来确定所煮的食物。故选A。 -28-考点1考点2考点34.(2017安顺中考)If you try hard,your dream will .Yes,I .A.come true;willB.be truly;willC.come true;doD.be true;do【解析】A考查动词短语及助动词的用法。句意:如果你努力尝试,你的梦想会实现的。是的,我会的。前者考查“实现,成真”应用come true;后者考查表示将来时的“能、会”应用will。故选A。-29-考点1

24、考点2考点35.(2017十堰中考) He used to arrive late last year,but now he .A.hasntB.doesnt C.isnt D.wasnt【解析】B考查助动词辨析。句意:去年他过去常常晚到,但现在他不迟到了。used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”,句型转换时需要借助于助动词did;根据后一分句中的now可知要用一般现在时,he为第三人称单数形式,根据主谓一致原则,此处故选B。6.(2017无锡中考) This fruit terrible to me,so Ive never tried it.But my mum loves i

25、t.A.tastes B.tastedC.smellsD.smelled【解析】C考查动词辨析。句意:这种水果对我来说闻起来很糟糕,因此我不曾吃过,但妈妈却喜欢它。根据“我不曾吃过”可排除A,B.而这种水果闻起来糟糕,应该是一般时态。故选C。-30-考点1考点2考点3一、系动词连系动词又称系动词,是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词,它虽有词义,但不完整,所以不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语一起合成谓语。其分类如下:-31-考点1考点2考点3-32-考点1考点2考点3【温馨提示】 系动词后常接形容词作表语。系动词无被动语态。【注意】 常见的系动词词组:come true实现get dressed穿衣

26、服get/be married结婚 get/become lost迷失,迷路seem/appear to be似乎是;好像-33-考点1考点2考点3二、助动词助动词本身没有词义,只能和主要动词一起作谓语,构成时态、疑问句和否定句,常用的助动词有be,do,have(has)等。1.助动词be的用法be除了可以作系动词之外,也可以作助动词。be作助动词时,无实在意义,只协助现在分词或过去分词构成现在进行时、过去进行时和被动语态。-34-考点1考点2考点3I am reading and he is doing his homework.我在读书,而他在做作业。He was watching TV

27、 at eight oclock yesterday evening.昨晚八点他在看电视。He was told the news yesterday.昨天有人告诉他这消息。-35-考点1考点2考点32.助动词do/does/did的用法(1)助动词do无具体意义,主要用于协助实义动词构成一般现在时、一般过去时的否定句和疑问句。Do you get up early every day?你每天起得早吗?She didnt go there last week.上周她没有去那儿。(2)构成否定祈使句。Dont be so absent minded.不要这么心不在焉。(3)放在动词原形前,加强该

28、动词的语气。I did go there.我确实去那儿了。I do miss you.我确实想你。-36-考点1考点2考点33.助动词have/has/had的用法have作助动词,和动词的过去分词、现在分词一起构成完成时、完成进行时和完成时的被动语态。have有人称、数和时态的变化,其第三人称单数形式为has,过去式为had。其具体用法如下:He has left for London.他已去了伦敦。I have been studying English.我一直在学英语。The trees have already been planted.树已经被栽完了。-37-考点1考点2考点3【注意

29、】 常见的助动词还有will,shall,would,should等。作助动词时,will,shall与动词原形连用构成一般将来时;would,should与动词原形连用构成过去将来时。shall和should用于第一人称I和we;will和would用于各种人称。will,would,shall,should除了作助动词表示单纯的将来时态外,也用作情态动词。-38-考点1考点2考点3(B)1.I want to know what you said at the meeting yesterday.Maybe you cant believe it!I a word then.A.dont

30、sayB.didnt sayC.havent seen D.hadnt seen(C)2. twenty minutes enough for you to get to the station?A.AreB.DoC.IsD.Does(B)3.Inventors have changed the way we live.So they are famous for the great things they .A.do B.did C.are doingD.had done-39-考点1考点2考点3(C)4.With the development of science,peoples lif

31、e has better and better.A.keptB.soundedC.become D.felt(D)5.Do you like the English song Big Big World?Yes.It very beautiful.A.feelsB.hearsC.listens D.sounds-40-考点1考点2考点3动词短语 1.(2017广东中考) If you want to know more about space,pleasethe book A Brief History of Time.A.look through B.look aroundC.look af

32、terD.look down upon【解析】A考查动词短语辨析。look through浏览,look around四处看,look after照顾,look down upon看不起。根据句意“如果你想知道更多关于宇宙的事,请时间简史这本书。”可知此空用“浏览”符合语境。故选A。-41-考点1考点2考点32.(2017河北中考) Grandfather lives with us.We all him.A.look atB.look forC.look afterD.look like【解析】C考查动词短语辨析。look at 看着;look for寻找;look after照顾;look

33、 like看起来像。句意:爷爷和我们住在一起。我们他。故选C。 3.(2017达州中考)Hi,Tina!What are you going to do for the coming summer holiday?I am going to cooking because I like eating delicious food.A.take downB.take upC.pick upD.clean up【解析】B考查动词短语的辨析。第二句的句意为:我将要开始学习做饭,因为我喜欢吃好吃的食物。take down放下;take up从事、开始(学习或某种爱好);pick up拾起;clean

34、up清扫。故选B。-42-考点1考点2考点34.(2017天津中考) John the TV and helped his mother with the housework.A.turned off B.heard from C.joined in D.looked after【解析】A考查动词短语的辨析。句意:约翰关掉了电视,帮助他母亲做家务了。表示“关掉”应用turn off。故选A。5.(2017白银中考) The boy likes planes very much and he often goes to see planes land and .A.take care of B.

35、take off C.take after D.take down【解析】B考查动词短语辨析。take care of 关心,照顾;take off 脱下,起飞;take after 长得像,效仿;take down 拿下。句意:这个男孩非常喜欢飞机,他经常去看飞机着陆和起飞。故选B。 -43-考点1考点2考点36.(2017随州中考)The teacher asked the students to a story about a trip to the moon.A.give up B.turn up C.cut up D.make up【解析】D考查动词短语辨析。句意:老师请学生们编写一

36、个关于月球旅游的故事。give up放弃;turn up调大音量等;cut up切碎;make up编写。结合空后的a story可知只能是编写故事,故选D。-44-考点1考点2考点37.(2017连云港中考)Have you heard of the big fire that broke out on Huaguo Mountain at Qingming Festival?Yes.Luckily,hundreds of firemen went there and the fire immediately.A.put offB.put awayC.put downD.put out【解析

37、】D考查动词短语辨析。句意:你听说清明节在花果山上突发的那场大火了吗?是的,幸运的是,上百名消防员及时赶到并且扑灭了大火。put off推迟;put away 放好;put down 放下;put out熄灭。根据宾语fire可知与其搭配的动词短语应用put out。故选D。-45-考点1考点2考点38.(2017泰州中考) Before you choose a book,youd betterthe first few pages to know whether it is too easy or too difficult for you.A.look outB.look afterC.

38、look throughD.look for【解析】C考查动词短语辨析。句意:在你选择一本书之前,你最好看看前面几页了解一下这本书对你来说是太容易或太难。用动词look through表示“浏览”,和下文“了解太容易或太难”意义对应。其他三项A.当心,小心;B.照顾;D.寻找,都与句意不符。故选C。-46-考点1考点2考点39.(2017盐城中考)To athletes,the most important thing is not to win a gold or a silver,but to .A.take partB.take noticeC.take placeD.take care

39、【解析】A考查动词短语辨析。句意:对于运动员来说,最重要的事不是赢得金牌或银牌,而是参与。take part“参加”,take notice“注意”,take place“发生”,take care“保重”,故选A。10.(2017济宁中考) Xiongan New Area will help big problems in Beijing,such as traffic jams.A.set out B.check out C.work out D.give out【解析】C考查动词短语辨析。set out意为“动身;出发”;check out意为“检查”;work out意为“解决;计算

40、出”;give out意为“分发;散发”。根据后面的big problems可知说的是解决问题。故选C。-47-考点1考点2考点3以动词为中心构成的短语称为动词短语。1.动词+介词。这类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须有宾语,宾语(不管是代词还是名词)只能放在介词后。在被动语态中,整个短语要作为整体看待,不可拆开或漏缺。Listen to the music.听音乐。Listen to me carefully.仔细听我讲。-48-考点1考点2考点3【注意】 常用的动介短语有:apply for 申请think of 想起,想出break into 闯入pay for 为付款wait for 等待

41、contribute to 有助于hear of 听说laugh at 嘲笑-49-考点1考点2考点32.动词+副词。接代词作宾语时,代词必须放在动词后、副词前;当宾语是名词时,放在副词前后均可。He picked it up and gave it to her.他把它捡起来并递给了她。He turned on the light.他打开了灯。【注意】 常用的动副短语有:clean up 清扫find out 查明hand in 递交look up 查询take off 起飞use up 用完,耗尽turn on/off/up/down 打开/关上/调高/调低-50-考点1考点2考点33.动

42、词+副词+介词。宾语只能放在介词之后。They went on with the work after a short rest.短暂休息后他们继续工作。【注意】 常用的动副介词短语有:add up to 合计break away from 脱离catch up with 赶上end up with 以告终live up to 达到put up with 忍受get along with 取得进展,与相处-51-考点1考点2考点34.动词+名词+介词。这类短语中的名词前可以加形容词作定语,其后的宾语只能放在介词之后。Please pay more attention to this probl

43、em!请多加注意这个问题!【注意】 常用的动名介短语有:catch sight of 看见take pride in 为感到自豪pay attention to 注意take part in 参加make use of 利用take the place of 取代set an example to 为树立榜样-52-考点1考点2考点35.动词+反身代词(+介词)。这类短语相当于及物动词,其后可接宾语。Help yourself to the fruit.请随便吃点水果吧。【注意】 常用的动词+反身代词(+介词)短语有:devote oneself to 致力/专心于help oneself t

44、o 自取/用make oneself at home 随便,不拘束dress oneself 给自己穿衣服-53-考点1考点2考点3(C)1.(2017广东一模)Tom really did a good job in the competition.Yes,his hard work his success.A.set up B.gave outC.led toD.made up(A)2.(2017广东二模)Sam,what should I do next?Put the apples and sugar in the bowl and .A.mix them up B.set them

45、upC.cut them upD.make them up(A)3.(2017广东三模)It seems that you some weight over the Spring Festival.Exactly!My mum cooked a lot of delicious food and I cant help eating it.A.put onB.put upC.put offD.put away-54-考点1考点2考点3(C)4.Will you the sports meeting?Yes,if it rains,well have the sports meeting nex

46、t week.A.put outB.put away C.put offD.put on(A)5.Tracy doesnt want to easily no matter what difficulty she faces.A.give upB.give awayC.give outD.give off(C)6.Shall we go out to enjoy the sunshine tomorrow?Well,it all the weather.A.helongs toB.happens toC.depends onD.concentrates on(B)7.Do you want t

47、o eat here?No.Just fish and chips to ,please.A.get awayB.take awayC.send awayD.throw away-55-考点1考点2考点3(D)8.The firemen the fire at last.A.put onB.put awayC.put upD.put out(D)9.Its a bad habit to what you can do today until tomorrow.A.write downB.talk aboutC.worry aboutD.put off(D)10.Dont too late.or

48、 you will feel tired in class.A.wake up B.get upC.stay upD.stand up-56-【技巧1】区分及物与不及物不及物动词后不能直接跟宾语,若要跟宾语,必须先在其后加上某个介词,如to,of,at等。具体每个动词后加什么介词得看具体的短语的意义。【典例透析】 When you ,please call me.A.arrive B.land C.reach D.get【解析】句意:当你到了,打电话给我。arrive“到达”,作不及物动词,后面不跟宾语;land“着陆”;reach“到达”,作及物动词,后面直接加地点状语;get“到达”,但必

49、须和to连用,后接地点。故答案为 A。-57-【技巧2】把握动词短语如果名词作宾语,可以放在动副词组的后边,也可放在中间。但代词作宾语时,宾语要放在中间。【典例透析】 If you dont know how to read a new word,you should in a dictionary.A.look it up B.look up it C.look for itD.look it for【解析】句意:假如你不知道如何读一个生词,你应该查词典。 look up“查阅,查找”,属于“不及物动词+副词”类的短语动词,当代词作宾语时,应该放在动词与副词之间。故答案为A。-58-1.Have you learned the language since you were 8 years old?Sorry,could you A the question?I didnt catch you.A.repeat B.forgetC.answerD.create2.Oh,I dont think I can understand this English article.Dont worry.Let me D it into Chinese for you.A.knock B.changeC