专题 8 动词分类及动词短语

1、专题专题 8动词分类及动词短语动词分类及动词短语考点直击考点直击 1 1实义动词实义动词 实义动词意义完整，能独立用作谓语。实义动词有及物动实义动词意义完整，能独立用作谓语。实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词之分词和不及物动词之分( (及物动词是指后面要跟宾语的动词；不及及物动词是指后面要跟宾语的动词；不及物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词) )。1. 1. 及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整。常用结构：及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整。常用结构：(1)(1)主语及物动词宾语。如：主语及物动词宾语。如：She missed a lot of lessons. She mis

2、sed a lot of lessons. 她耽误了很多课程。她耽误了很多课程。(2)(2)主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语。如：主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语。如：He often makes his parents angry.He often makes his parents angry.他经常使他的父母生气。他经常使他的父母生气。(3)(3)主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语。如：主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语。如：He gave me an interesting book.He gave me an interesting book.他给了我一本有趣的书。他给了我一本有趣的书。2 2不及物动词本身

3、意义完整，后面不需跟宾语。常用结构：不及物动词本身意义完整，后面不需跟宾语。常用结构：主语不及物动词主语不及物动词( (状语状语) )。如：。如：Li Hua works very hard. Li Hua works very hard. 李华工作很努力。李华工作很努力。2 2助动词助动词协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。助动词是语法协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用。功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用。1 1帮助构成疑问句或否定句句式的助动词有帮助构成疑问句或否定句句式的助动词有do, does, do, does, did did 及

4、其否定形式。如：及其否定形式。如：Did you go home last week? Did you go home last week? 上周你回家了吗？上周你回家了吗？2 2帮助构成时态的助动词有帮助构成时态的助动词有be, have, shall, willbe, have, shall, will等。等。如：如：We are playing an interesting game. We are playing an interesting game. 我们正在玩一个有趣的游戏。我们正在玩一个有趣的游戏。3 3系动词系动词系动词亦称连系动词。本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，系动词亦称

5、连系动词。本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后面必须跟表语，构成后面必须跟表语，构成“系表结构系表结构”。常用结构：主语系动。常用结构：主语系动词表语。具体分类及用法如下：词表语。具体分类及用法如下：1 1状态系动词。状态系动词。 状态系动词一般指状态系动词一般指bebe动词。如：动词。如：They are always very happy.They are always very happy. 他们总是很高兴。他们总是很高兴。2 2持续系动词。持续系动词表示主语继续或保持一种状况持续系动词。持续系动词表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay,

6、 rest, lie, standkeep, remain, stay, rest, lie, stand。如：。如：I hope youll keep fit. I hope youll keep fit. 我希望你能保持健康。我希望你能保持健康。3 3表象系动词。表象系动词表示表象系动词。表象系动词表示“看起来好像看起来好像”，主要有，主要有seem, appear, lookseem, appear, look等。如：等。如：My mother seems very satisfied with my progress. My mother seems very satisfied wi

7、th my progress. 妈妈对我的进步似乎很满意。妈妈对我的进步似乎很满意。4 4感官系动词。感官系动词表示感官系动词。感官系动词表示“起来起来”，主要有，主要有feel(feel(摸起来，感觉摸起来，感觉), smell(), smell(闻起来闻起来), sound(), sound(听起来听起来), ), taste(taste(尝起来，吃起来尝起来，吃起来) )等。如：等。如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布摸起来很柔软。这种布摸起来很柔软。5 5变化系动词。变

8、化系动词。 变化系动词表示变化系动词表示“主语变成什么样主语变成什么样”，主要有主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, runbecome, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等。等。如：如：The small town is becoming busier and busier. The small town is becoming busier and busier. 小镇变得越来越繁忙。小镇变得越来越繁忙。6 6终止系动词。终止系动词主要有终止系动词。终止系动词主要有prove, turn out(pr

9、ove, turn out(结果结果是，证明是是，证明是) )等。如：等。如：My plan turned out a success.My plan turned out a success.我的计划成功了。我的计划成功了。 提醒提醒 有些系动词也是实义动词，可单独作谓语。如：有些系动词也是实义动词，可单独作谓语。如：He fell ill yesterday. He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。他昨天病了。4 4情态动词情态动词情态动词表示说话人的语气、看法，无人称和数的变化。情态动词表示说话人的语气、看法，无人称和数的变化。情态动词有自己的词汇意思，但不能独立作谓

10、语，后须跟动词情态动词有自己的词汇意思，但不能独立作谓语，后须跟动词原形。使用频率较高的情态动词有原形。使用频率较高的情态动词有can(could), may(might), can(could), may(might), must, need, shall(should), will(would)must, need, shall(should), will(would)及半情态动词及半情态动词have have to, had betterto, had better。1 1cancan和和could could (1)can(could)(1)can(could)表示说话人能、可以、同意

11、、准许，以及客表示说话人能、可以、同意、准许，以及客观条件许可做某事。观条件许可做某事。couldcould为为cancan的过去式。表示请求时，的过去式。表示请求时，couldcould比比cancan更委婉。如：更委婉。如：Could I borrow your pen? Could I borrow your pen? 我可以借你的钢笔吗？我可以借你的钢笔吗？(2)can (2)can 意为意为“能，会能，会”时，相当于时，相当于“be able to”(“be able to”(适用适用于各种时态于各种时态) )，can can 和和could could 只能用于现在时和过去时。如：

12、只能用于现在时和过去时。如：A few months later, Ill be able to swim alone. A few months later, Ill be able to swim alone. 几个月后，我将能单独游泳。几个月后，我将能单独游泳。(3)cant(3)cant表示否定推测。如：表示否定推测。如：That cant be Mr. Wang. He has gone to Beijing. That cant be Mr. Wang. He has gone to Beijing. 那那不可能是王老师。他已经去北京了。不可能是王老师。他已经去北京了。2 2may

13、may和和mightmightmaymay和和mightmight意为意为“可以可以”，表示说话人同意、许可或请求，表示说话人同意、许可或请求对方许可。对方许可。maymay也可表示祝愿。也可表示祝愿。might might 是是may may 的过去式，表示可的过去式，表示可能性更小、语气更加委婉。如：能性更小、语气更加委婉。如：May I take some photos here? May I take some photos here? 我可以在这儿拍些照片吗？我可以在这儿拍些照片吗？May you be happy. May you be happy. 祝你开心。祝你开心。专题专题

14、8 8动词分类及动词短语动词分类及动词短语3 3mustmust和和have to have to (1)must (1)must 意为意为“必须，一定，准是必须，一定，准是”，表示说话人认为有，表示说话人认为有必要做某事，或命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。但必要做某事，或命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。但mustntmustnt表示表示“禁止，不允许禁止，不允许”。如：。如：He must be working in his office. He must be working in his office. 他一定正在办公室工作。他一定正在办公室工作。You mustnt smo

15、ke here. You mustnt smoke here. 你不准在这儿吸烟。你不准在这儿吸烟。(2)must (2)must 和和 have to have to 的区别：的区别： must must 表示说话人的主观意表示说话人的主观意愿；愿；have to have to 表示客观需要。如：表示客观需要。如：I must do my homework first. I must do my homework first. 我必须首先做家庭作业。我必须首先做家庭作业。It is raining hard outside. I have to stay at home. It is ra

16、ining hard outside. I have to stay at home. 外面雨下得很大，我不得不待在家里。外面雨下得很大，我不得不待在家里。4 4needneed的用法的用法need need 表示表示“需要，必要需要，必要”，主要用于否定句和疑问句，否，主要用于否定句和疑问句，否定形式为定形式为needntneednt，表示，表示“没有必要，不必没有必要，不必”；回答；回答needneed引导的引导的问句时，肯定回答用问句时，肯定回答用mustmust，否定回答用，否定回答用 neednt neednt。此外，。此外，needneed还可以作实义动词。如：还可以作实义动词。如

17、：Need we do some cleaning now?Need we do some cleaning now?No, you neednt.No, you neednt.“我们必须现在大扫除吗？我们必须现在大扫除吗？”“”“不，你们不必。不，你们不必。”I need to see the doctor now. I need to see the doctor now. 我现在需要看医生。我现在需要看医生。5 5shall shall 和和willwillshallshall主要用于第一人称，表示提建议或请求；主要用于第一人称，表示提建议或请求；willwill主要用主要用于第二、三人

18、称，表示征求意见或提建议。如：于第二、三人称，表示征求意见或提建议。如：Shall we go out for a walk after supper?Shall we go out for a walk after supper? 我们晚饭后出去散散步好吗？我们晚饭后出去散散步好吗？ Will you go shopping with us? Will you go shopping with us? 你要不要和我们一起去购物呢？你要不要和我们一起去购物呢？6 6shouldshould和和wouldwouldshouldshould可用于各种人称的句子，强调义务或责任；可用于各种人称的句子

19、，强调义务或责任；wouldwould是是willwill的过去式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，可用于多种人称，的过去式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，可用于多种人称，表示意愿。如：表示意愿。如：You should study harder. You should study harder. 你应该更加努力学习。你应该更加努力学习。He said he would visit the Great Wall the next He said he would visit the Great Wall the next year. year. 他说他明年将游览长城。他说他明年将游览长城。7 7had

20、better had better had betterhad better意为意为“最好最好”，没有人称的变化，后接不带，没有人称的变化，后接不带toto的不定式。如：的不定式。如：You had better exercise more.You had better exercise more. 你最好多锻炼。你最好多锻炼。5 5动词短语动词短语动词与介词、副词等构成的固定短语，叫作动词短语。动动词与介词、副词等构成的固定短语，叫作动词短语。动词短语主要有四类：词短语主要有四类：1 1动词副词。动词副词。 常见的有常见的有give up, think over, take give up,

21、 think over, take off, write down, put off, put on, talk back, turn off, off, write down, put off, put on, talk back, turn off, look up, pick uplook up, pick up等。这些词组的宾语如果是名词时，既可放等。这些词组的宾语如果是名词时，既可放在副词前面，又可放在副词之后；宾语如果是人称代词或反身在副词前面，又可放在副词之后；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词时，则要放在动词和副词中间。如：代词时，则要放在动词和副词中间。如：They have de

22、cided to put off the meeting.They have decided to put off the meeting.They have decided to put the meeting off. They have decided to put the meeting off. 他们已经决定推迟会议了。他们已经决定推迟会议了。Smoking is bad for your health. You must give it Smoking is bad for your health. You must give it up. up. 吸烟有害健康，你必须戒掉它。吸烟

23、有害健康，你必须戒掉它。2 2动词介词。动词介词。 常见的有常见的有ask for, care about, look ask for, care about, look for, look after, look at, listen to, pay for, send for, for, look after, look at, listen to, pay for, send for, laugh at, hear of (from), get overlaugh at, hear of (from), get over等。如：等。如：We shouldnt laugh at other

24、s. We shouldnt laugh at others. 我们不应该嘲笑别人。我们不应该嘲笑别人。3 3动词副词介词。动词副词介词。 常见的有常见的有look down upon, get look down upon, get on with, catch up withon with, catch up with等。如：等。如：If you study hard, youll catch up with your If you study hard, youll catch up with your classmates.classmates.如果你努力学习，你将会赶上你的同班同学。

25、如果你努力学习，你将会赶上你的同班同学。4 4动词名词介词。动词名词介词。 常见的有常见的有take care of, make take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of, take pride in, use of, pay attention to, make fun of, take pride in, take part in take part in 等。如：等。如：Please pay more attention to details. Please pay more attention to details

26、. 请多注意细节。请多注意细节。 考点过关考点过关.根据句意及首字母提示补全单词根据句意及首字母提示补全单词1 1Li Lei, hurry up! The bus is coming.Li Lei, hurry up! The bus is coming.Oh, no. We m_ cross the street until the Oh, no. We m_ cross the street until the traffic lights turn green.traffic lights turn green.2 2Do you know the song Gangnam Style

27、?Do you know the song Gangnam Style?Of course. It s_ interesting.Of course. It s_ interesting.ustnt ounds 3 3Look at the boy playing basketball on the Look at the boy playing basketball on the playground. Is it George?playground. Is it George?It m_ be him. He told me he would play It m_ be him. He t

28、old me he would play basketball after class, but he was not sure.basketball after class, but he was not sure.4 4It t_ me two weeks to finish reading the It t_ me two weeks to finish reading the novel written by Guo Jingming.novel written by Guo Jingming.5 5Who cooks dinner in your family? Who cooks

29、dinner in your family? My mother d_My mother d_ay ook oes 6 6Whose shoes are they?Whose shoes are they?They c_ be Bobs. They are too big for They c_ be Bobs. They are too big for him.him.7 7Must I hand in my homework now?Must I hand in my homework now?No, you n_No, you n_8 8Dont put it off till tomo

30、rrow. You m_ Dont put it off till tomorrow. You m_ finish it today.finish it today.ant eednt ust .根据句意及汉语提示完成句子根据句意及汉语提示完成句子1 1The cookies _(The cookies _(尝起来尝起来) nice. Could I have) nice. Could I have some more? some more?2 2I _(I _(感觉感觉) sleepy in class this morning ) sleepy in class this morning

31、because I stayed up last night.because I stayed up last night.3 3Yesterday he _ _(Yesterday he _ _(不得不不得不) walk home ) walk home alone because his car broke down on the way.alone because his car broke down on the way.taste felt had to4 4You can _ _ _(You can _ _ _(查阅它查阅它) in ) in the dictionary if y

32、ou want to know more about it.the dictionary if you want to know more about it.5 5Hurry up. The plane is _ _(Hurry up. The plane is _ _(起飞起飞) )6 6In the last few years, great changes have In the last few years, great changes have _ _(_ _(发生发生) in our city.) in our city.7 7Dont _ _(Dont _ _(顶嘴顶嘴) whe

33、n your teacher ) when your teacher is talking with you.is talking with you.lookituptakingofftakenplacetalkback8 8They are _ _(They are _ _(拆毁拆毁) the old ) the old buildings along the street.buildings along the street.9 9Try your best and never _ _ Try your best and never _ _ _(_(让他们失望让他们失望) )1010Man

34、y young people _ _ _(Many young people _ _ _(钦钦佩佩) these basketball heroes and want to become like ) these basketball heroes and want to become like them. them. pullingdownletthemdownlookupto语法专练语法专练1. 1. 20142014广东广东 I will miss my family when I go I will miss my family when I go abroad for further

35、 study this autumn.abroad for further study this autumn.Dont worry. You can_ them by email.Dont worry. You can_ them by email.A Acome up with Bcome up with Bget along with get along with C Cmake friends with D. keep in touch withmake friends with D. keep in touch withD2 2 20132013青岛青岛 He _ plenty of

36、 money to the He _ plenty of money to the people in the earthquake area _people in the earthquake area _A Aput out; to work out wellput out; to work out wellB Bhanded out; help them outhanded out; help them outC Cgave out; work out wellgave out; work out wellD Dgave away; to help them outgave away;

37、to help them outD3 3 20132013青岛青岛 She said she returned the book to She said she returned the book to the library. Im sure she _the library. Im sure she _A Atakes B. istakes B. isC Cwas D. didwas D. didD4 4 20132013枣庄枣庄 In France you _ put bread In France you _ put bread on the table. You are not su

38、pposed to put it on the on the table. You are not supposed to put it on the plate.plate.A Ashouldnt B. are supposed toshouldnt B. are supposed toC Cwould like to D. will would like to D. will B5 520142014莱芜莱芜You had better learn to _ You had better learn to _ different kinds of problems by yourself.

39、different kinds of problems by yourself.A Agive up Bgive up Bmake upmake upC Cplay with Dplay with Ddeal withdeal withD6 6 20132013内江内江 _ I finish my homework now? _ I finish my homework now?No, you_. Your work is over today.No, you_. Your work is over today.A ACant; must B. Must; dont have toCant;

40、must B. Must; dont have toC CMay; couldnt D. Couldnt; couldMay; couldnt D. Couldnt; couldB7 720142014泰州泰州The classroom is so bright now. You The classroom is so bright now. You should _ the lights.should _ the lights.OK, I will.OK, I will.A Aturn on Bturn on Bturn upturn upC Cturn down Dturn down Dt

41、urn offturn offD8 820142014兰州兰州Who reached the station on time?Who reached the station on time?I _I _！ In fact, I arrived there 5 minutes In fact, I arrived there 5 minutes earlier.earlier.A Awas Bwas BreachedreachedC Cdid Ddid DdodoC9 9 20132013菏泽菏泽 Can we run across the road now? Can we run across

42、 the road now?No, we _. We have to wait until the No, we _. We have to wait until the light turns green.light turns green.A Aneednt B. mustntneednt B. mustntC Ccouldnt D. shouldntcouldnt D. shouldntB1010 20132013烟台烟台 My bike is broken. Could you help My bike is broken. Could you help me to _me to _？

43、A Afix it up B. set it upfix it up B. set it upC Cmake it up D. put it upmake it up D. put it up1111 20132013绍兴绍兴 The girl is afraid to dance in The girl is afraid to dance in public because she thinks others may _ her.public because she thinks others may _ her.A Alaugh at B. wait forlaugh at B. wai

44、t forC Chear of D. agree with hear of D. agree with AA1212 20132013湖州湖州 Would you mind speaking more Would you mind speaking more slowly? I can hardly _ you.slowly? I can hardly _ you.Of course not.Of course not.A Aread B. followread B. followC. miss D. matchC. miss D. matchB1313 20132013湖州湖州 Shall

45、we go for a picnic Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow?tomorrow?Well, it all _ the weather.Well, it all _ the weather.A Abelongs to B. happens to belongs to B. happens to C Cdepends on D. concentrates ondepends on D. concentrates onC1414 20132013内江内江 The plane to Chengdu _ just The plane to Chengdu _

46、just now. You have to wait until tomorrow.now. You have to wait until tomorrow.A Atook off B. took aftertook off B. took afterC Ctook out D. took awaytook out D. took awayA1515When you are in trouble, remember to _. When you are in trouble, remember to _. Two heads are better than one.Two heads are

47、better than one.A Amake a decision Bmake a decision Bmake a choicemake a choiceC Cask for help Dask for help Dgive advicegive adviceC1616Anna is going on a tour of Xian, and she Anna is going on a tour of Xian, and she wants to _ Chinese history.wants to _ Chinese history.A Adream of Bdream of Blear

48、n aboutlearn aboutC Clook through Dlook through Dpass onpass onB1717I find it hard to improve my listening in I find it hard to improve my listening in English.English.Yes. Any progress in your listening may _ Yes. Any progress in your listening may _ you a long time.you a long time.A Aafford Baffor

49、d BspendspendC Ccost Dcost DtaketakeD1818Im afraid a car is too expensive for me.Im afraid a car is too expensive for me.But more and more Chinese can _ to buy But more and more Chinese can _ to buy one.one.A Aexpect Bexpect BaffordaffordC Cchoose Dchoose DofferofferB1919After a lot of training, Li

50、Yang _ many After a lot of training, Li Yang _ many difficulties. And he is at the top of this game now.difficulties. And he is at the top of this game now.A Amade of Bmade of Bheard ofheard ofC Ccame over Dcame over Dgot over got over D2020My uncle _ be tired. He has been My uncle _ be tired. He ha

51、s been running for a long time. But my aunt _ be tired. running for a long time. But my aunt _ be tired. She has just begun to run.She has just begun to run.A Amay not; must Bmay not; must Bmust; cant must; cant C Ccant; must Dcant; must Dmust; may notmust; may notBmust表推测时，语气最强烈，意为表推测时，语气最强烈，意为“肯定，

52、一定肯定，一定”；cant表示否定的推测，意为表示否定的推测，意为“一定不一定不(是是)”。2121_ I take some photos here?_ I take some photos here?No, you _No, you _A AMay; mustnt BMay; mustnt BMust; mustntMust; mustntC CMay; neednt DMay; neednt DCould; wontCould; wontA22. All the oil in the world will _ some 22. All the oil in the world will

53、_ some day. day. Yeah. What shall we use for power at that time?Yeah. What shall we use for power at that time?A Agive awaygive away B Bput awayput awayC Crun outrun out D Dset outset outC2323Jenny, would you please_ my dog when I Jenny, would you please_ my dog when I am away?am away?No problem.No

54、problem.A Alook up Blook up Blook inlook inC Clook at Dlook at Dlook afterlook afterDlook after 意为意为“照顾，照料照顾，照料”。2424What are you going to do for the School Day?What are you going to do for the School Day?Well _ a new play. Well _ a new play. A Aput out Bput out Bput offput offC Cput into Dput into

55、Dput onput onD由句意可知，我们将上演一部新的戏剧。由句意可知，我们将上演一部新的戏剧。put out意为意为“熄熄灭灭”；put off意为意为“推迟推迟”；put into意为意为“进港，入港进港，入港”；put on意为意为“上演上演”。25. Someone is knocking at the door. Is it Ann?25. Someone is knocking at the door. Is it Ann?It _be her. She is giving a performance It _be her. She is giving a performanc

56、e at the theater now.at the theater now.A Amay B. must may B. must C Ccant D. mustntcant D. mustntC2626Drivers _ wear the safety belts when Drivers _ wear the safety belts when driving. This is the traffic rule.driving. This is the traffic rule.A Acan Bcan Bmay may C Cwill Dwill DmustmustD根据句意可知，司机在

57、驾驶的时候必须系安全带。根据句意可知，司机在驾驶的时候必须系安全带。2727Dick, _ I use your edictionary?Dick, _ I use your edictionary?Sure. _ you give it to Mike after you use Sure. _ you give it to Mike after you use it?it?A Awill; Would B. may; Mightwill; Would B. may; MightC Ccan; Could D. shall; Shouldcan; Could D. shall; Should

58、C考查情态动词的用法辨析。向别人请求许可一般用考查情态动词的用法辨析。向别人请求许可一般用can或或may。根据句意可排除。根据句意可排除A、D两项。两项。might语气较弱，一般不用语气较弱，一般不用于疑问句表示请求，故选于疑问句表示请求，故选C。2828These photos are very valuable because they These photos are very valuable because they can _ me _ the life living in the can _ me _ the life living in the countryside.cou

59、ntryside.A Athink; of Bthink; of Bremind; ofremind; ofC Clet; down Dlet; down Dwake; upwake; upB2929Anyone who dances well can _ the Anyone who dances well can _ the activity in our school.activity in our school.A Atake part in Btake part in Btake offtake offC Ctake out Dtake out Dtake care oftake care ofA3030Bill doesnt like the sunglasses in the ad Bill doesnt like the sunglasses in the ad because they cant _ the sun well.because they cant _ the sun well.A Atake