初中英语语法宾语从句讲解

1、初中英语语法宾语从句讲解初中英语语法宾语从句讲解 小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that引，一般疑问用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。一基本讲解 来源：直接引语变间接引语概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，可做V谓/介词短语的宾语。 Eg: He said,“I am good at drawing”.He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)1.引导词 (1) th

2、at引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述句充当, that可省略。Eg: She said,“I want to go there ” She said (that) she wanted to go there. They all know (that) Jim is good at skating.(2) whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当，陈述语序。Eg: “Are you interested in geography?” she said. She asked if/whether I was interested in geography.I wonder

3、 if /whether she has told the new to Li Lei . Im not sure whether he will come or not.注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外 a. 介词短语后只用whether 不用if eg: We are talking about whether we'll go on the panic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时，只用whether. eg:I cant say whether or not he will come on timec. if当如果讲时,引

4、导的是条件状语从句，表示如果，不能用whether. Eg: If you want to be a good teacher, it will take times. Whether you can succeed depends on how much effort you pay.(3). 特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。特殊疑问词为：how , when, where, why ,which whose. What 引导宾从时做主语或宾语或表语等。. What do you want? He asked. He asked me what I wanted. I hav

5、e no idea where he is now. I dont know how to deal with it. He asked whose handwriting is the best in the class. 对比下列句子，看what 做什么成分： He asked what was the wrong/matter with me.（what 做主语） He doesnt know what to do now(做宾语) He asked me who he was.(who 做表语)2.宾语从句时态a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制eg: Do you know if

6、/whether he has seen the film?Im sorry to hear that your father is ill.She says she is going to go to Beijing next week.He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态She didnt know why the boy was late again. (过去一般)I didn't know if/whether he had seen the film.（过去完成）I w

7、ondered when she was going to America.（过去将来）注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：Eg: He said （that the earth moves round the sun. / that light travels much faster than sound.）The teacher told us （seeing is believing.）3.语序：陈述语序，主+谓+其他* when will you leave for Beijing?（Could you pleas

8、e tell me） Could you please tell me when you will leave for Beijing?*Has she seen the movie（He asked.） He asked if she had seen the movie.*Could you tell me what's the matterwrong with you 二、宾语从句的转化1.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主从句主语一致时可简化为不定式结构。如：Eg:She agreed that she could he

9、lp me with my math. She agreed to help me with my math.2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面有特殊疑问词引导的宾从时，可以简化成“疑问词不定式结构”。例如： Eg: She forgot what she should take. she forget to take it3. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：She found that the wallet lay

10、/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.三否定转移. I dont think he is cool. 我认为他并不酷常用词：believe，suppose,think等 四注意问题和易错点1.由粗心大意导致语序的错乱，长从句也只有主谓宾语序，不要受引导词的影响（可暂时忽略引导词，直接看从句）2. Whether/if 用法傻傻分不清（whether 是否，if是否/如果）3.从句中介词短语的介词弄丢Eg: I dont know who she is looking at.(容易丢了at )

11、4.宾从和定从同时出现完全不知所措（宾从是作宾语，谁做了什么，说了什么，谁想知道什么等，定从修饰名词，引导词只有who/that/who/whose/which/as/when/where/why ，what 不能用语定从，只用于宾从）5. 混淆视觉的句子，错当是疑问句Jim didnt know what was wrong with his computer. 宾语从句专项习题巩固练习 you decided _for Australia?A. when will you leave B. when do you leav C. you will leave when D. when yo

12、u will leave you tell me _ A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives old man asked me _ .A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema think _ you will like him.A. that B. if C. why D. how didnt know _ h

13、e will come or not. A. that B. whether C. weather D. how wonder _ .A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes costC. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost asked me _ A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is him _.A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is thi

14、s C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup dont know _ .A. what time the movie starts B. what time starts the movieC. the time to start the movie D. the movie what time starts doctor asked me how long _ .A. was I ill B. have I been ill C. I have been ill D. I had been ill weather forecast doesnt sa

15、y _.A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrowC. if it will rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow you know _A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this isC. whom does the pen belong to D. whom the pen belong to you tell me where _A. the tape was B. was the tape C. the tape is D. is the tape

16、want to know _A. where is the hospital B. how old are youC. when the train will leave D. why is the boy crying wanted to know _.A. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking B. when Father Christmas had put in his stockingC. what Father Christmas had put in his stockingD. where Father Christmas h

17、ad put in his stocking one knows _ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.A. when B. whether C. where D. if didnt know_.A. where is Tims father B. when was the first watch madeC. who the old man is D. what was wrong with her watch one told us _, so we need your help.

18、A. how should we do B. what we should do C. what to do D. what should we do dont know _ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.A. how do it B. how to do C. what do it D. what to do asked me _.A. whether I find out the sender of the money B. whether did I find out the sender of the moneyC.

19、 whether the sender of the money found out D. whether I found out the sender of the money 能力提高练习1. I don't know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, I'll tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 2. I don't know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. ho

20、w will he come C. if he comes D. whether he'll come 3. Could you tell me _the nearest hospital is A. what B. how C. whether D. where 4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended 5. I want to know _. A. whom is she loo

21、king after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after 6. Do you know where _ now A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live 7. Do you know what time _A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves 8. I don't know

22、 _. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are 9. The small children don't know _. A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what in their

23、 stockings 10. I can't understand _. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means 11. I dont know _ he will be back home. A. who B. what C. when D. where12. Could you tell me _A. where do you live B. who you are waiting forC. who wer

24、e you waiting for D. where you live in13. Do you still remember _A. that he said B. what he said C. did he say that D. what did he say14. I cant understand _the boy alone.A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left15. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. ros

25、e C. rises D. had risen16. They tried to find out _ the new train _.A. how far/ had gone B. how long/ has gone C. how far/ went D. how far / had run17. The manager came up to see _.A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. whats the matter18. Can you tell me _A. what are

26、 you doing B. where do you study C. what you were doing D. what to do it19. He asked his father _.A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen one tells us_， so we need your help.A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it 直击中考1. So

27、me of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can tell _. . A. when UFOs will appear next time B. why do horses know the way C. where was this kind of plant found D. how do elephants communicate2. -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China? -Sorry. I dont know _. . A. when did he go

28、abroad B. why he is going abroad C. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad3. -May I come in Im sorry I am late. -Come in, please. But could you please tell me _. A. why you are late again B. what were you doing then C. who you talked with D. how do you come to school4. -Could you please tell me _. -Bus will take you right there. A. where is Henan Museum B. what Henan Museum is like C