语言学教程Theories and Schools of Modern Linguistics

1、.螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂

2、荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿

3、芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆

4、蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄

5、薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁

6、薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿

7、蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆

8、莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄

9、莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁

10、蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈

11、蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃

12、薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁

13、蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈

14、蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆

15、莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃

16、蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀

17、蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈

18、薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅

19、蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃

20、蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀

21、莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈

22、莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂

23、虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀

24、薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇

25、薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅

26、蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节

27、莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀

28、莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇

29、蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄

30、蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂

31、薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿

32、蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇

33、蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂

34、荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿

35、芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆

36、蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄

37、薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁

38、薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿

39、蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆

40、莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄

41、莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁

42、蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈

43、蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃

44、薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁

45、蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈

46、蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆

47、莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆羈腿莄蚂袄膈蒇蒄螀膇膆蚀蚆螃艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁膃

48、蚇螃袀莅蕿虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袇芀莀蝿袇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄袀羄芆莇袆羃蒈蚂螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀蚁薄羁莃蒄袂羀肂虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚇薀肇葿蒀罿肆腿芃袅肅芁薈螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃肃膆莀袁膂芈薅螇膁莀莈蚃膀肀薃虿膀节莆 Chapter 12 Theories and Schools of Modern Linguistics12.0 IntroductionSaussure: Modern linguistics began from the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, who is often described as “ father of modern l

49、inguistics”. The three lines along which Saussures ideas were developed: linguistics, sociology, and psychology.1. In linguistics, Saussure was greatly influenced by the American linguist W.D. Whitney, who insisted on the concept of ARBITRARINESS of the sign to emphasise that language is an institut

50、ion.2. In sociology, following the French sociologist E. Durkheim, Saussure held that language is one of the “social facts”, which are ideas in the “collective mind” of a society and radically distinct from individual psychological acts.3. In psychology, Saussure was influenced by the Austrian psych

51、iatrist S. Freud, who hypothesized the continuity of a collective psyche, called the unconscious. Saussures ideas1. Saussure saw human language as an extremely complex and heterogeneous phenomenon and believed that language is a SYSTEM OF SIGNS. The sign is the union of a form and an idea, which Sau

52、ssure called the SIGNIFIER and the SIGNIFIED. The signifier and the signified exist only as components of the sign, which is the central fact of language.2. For Saussure, langue is “absence” in the virtual world and parole is “presence” in the actual world. Absence/ virtual systems are considered st

53、able and invariable, while presence/ actual systems are considered unstable and variable. Saussures influence on modern linguistics.1. He provided a general orientation, a sense of the task of linguistics which had seldom been questioned.2. He influenced modern linguistics in the specific concepts.

54、Many of the developments of modern linguistics can be described as his concepts, i.e. his idea of the arbitrary nature of the sign, langue vs. parole, synchrony vs. diachrony, syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations, etc.All linguistics in the twentieth century are Saussurean linguistics.12.1 The Pra

55、gue School12.1.1 Introduction The Prague School: The school practiced a special style of synchronic linguistics, and its most important contribution to linguistics is that it sees language in terms of function. The three important ideas developed in the Prague School:1. The synchronic study of langu

56、age was stressed.2. There was an emphasis on the systemic character of language. 3. Language was looked on as functional in another sense, that is, as a tool performing a number of essential functions or tasks for the community using it.12.1.2 Phonology and Phonological OppositionsThe Prague School

57、is best known and remembered for its contribution to phonology and the distinction between phonetics and phonology. Trubetzkoys ideas:1. He argued that phonetics belonged to parole whereas phonology belonged to langue. On this basis he developed the notion of “phoneme” as an abstract unit of the sou

58、nd system as distinct from the sounds actually produced. A PHONEME may be defined as the sum of the differential functions. Sounds may be phonemes in so far as they can serve to distinguish meaning.2. In classifying distinctive features, Trubetzkoy proposed three criteria: (1) their relation to the

59、whole contrastive system; (2) relations between the opposing elements; and (3) their power of discrimination.3. These OPPOSITONS can be summarized as follows: Bilateral opposition Multilateral opposition Proportional opposition Isolated opposition Privative opposition Gradual opposition Equipollent opposition Neutralisable opposition Constant opposition(The definitions and concrete examples can be seen on the page of 297-298 in the textbook.) Trubetzkoys contri