2013高考英语二轮考点复习讲义阅读理解科普知识与现代技术

1、- 1 -2013 高考英语二轮考点复习讲义：阅读理解-科普知识与现代技术科学是人冀进步的一第一推动力=而现代科学驶术知识的普及则是实现这一推动的必 由之路.社合的进步、科技的发展和人民生活水平的不断提高，为我们的科普教育提供了新 的契机科習教育是捉高人们素廣的重婪因乘科普教育不仅便人们获得生活竝作所嗚的 知识和技証 更重更的是使人藏得科学思想、科学楕神、科学态磁科学方法的熏陶和眉养. 近几个世纪型来*特别是第二次世界丈战以后.UA 电子信息、生物技术和新材料沟支枉的一 系列高新技术取得重大冥破和飞速发展.极大地改匪了世界的贡貌和人粪的生汛现代科学 技术日益澤谨于经丫齐灰展和社会生活 KJ 各

2、个领癥 味淘推动现代注产力灰展的最活纭因勲 并且归根到底是现代社会进歩的决定性力量-近几年关于此类的高考试題和高肴模拟题目有 以下共同特点和需要稅们备肴时注意的地方：1历史上著名朗科学家的生平歆事：属于人物类文章比鮫多.在学习他们敢于面对挑 战、决不向困难和危险底头、坚韧不拔的毅力、极强的自信心以及顽强抑車的奋斗楕神的同 时，我们也学到了很多科普知识.2.这种科普文章多为说明文，要求考生根据上下文语境逻辑推断其指代对象。解题时应认真 分析动作转换背景，区分动作不同执行者，从而准确判断代词的正确指代；判断正确的流程 顺序、正确的生产方法、正确的机械配制。解题时一定要认真阅读分析发明创造诞生过程和

3、 工艺流程过程的介绍，以提高理解准确率。分析备选项时应对照原文介绍情况，以便最终做 出正确判断。3. 着重揭示自然界潜在奥秘，多解释性、定义性、说明性长句，甚至可能会出现多种从 句叠现的现象，因此说明文时同学们一定要保持冷静，始终以平静的心态阅读原文，解答试 题。同时应认真分析长句句子结构和逻辑关系，这样才能对其做出准确理解。4.科普文章因为其内容的客观性，所以作者的态度也往往采取中立。一般用言简意赅的文字介绍、解释事理。一般来说，都写得条理分明，有一定的说明顺序和说明方法。5. 科普文的第一句通常为主题句，开宗明义、点明全文要说明的对象，如上所述，说明 文的行文方式有其特点，即主要有比较、对

4、照和分类几种格式，每篇短文以一种为主，有时 几种兼用。6.我们同时还要注意一些关于如何培养、知道学生、孩子的科普意识的建议方面的文章。链接咼考链接 1.(2012 山东卷)For those who are tired of doing the laundry, Samsunghas found an answer: a washing machine that cantell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app (application).Strange though it may seemmy wife already do

5、es that was a com mon resp onse amongattendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) this week-Samsung is just one of many applia nee make* racing to in stall (安装)a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them smart.Last

6、 year, it was a refrigerator that tweeted. This year, its Wi-Fi-e nabled laundry mach ines and fridgesthat can tell you whe n your groceries are going bad.The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smartphone through a dow nloadable applicati on. The phone can the n be

7、used a remote con trol, sothe machines can be turned on and off while their owner is at work or on the bus.Samsung says its not just something new-the app connection actually has some practical uses.- 2 -If you started to dry clothes in the moving and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phon

8、e and restartyour dryer for the time when you come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,” saidspokesperson Amy Schmidt.The company also says that with electricity rates （ 电价 ） varying depending on the time of day, morecontrol over when the machines are used can help save money.Perhaps

9、, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do enable laziness.Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phoneswhile watching TV.72. What can be inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CE

10、S?A. The machine will be a big success.B. Their wives like doing the laundry.C. The machine is unrelated to their life.D. This kind of technology is familiar to them.73. What can we learn about the new laundry machines?A. They can tell you when your clothes need washing.B. They can be controlled wit

11、h a smartphone.C. They are difficult to operate.D. They are sold at a low price.74. We can conclude from Samsungs statements that.A. the app connection makes life easierB. it is better to dry clothes in the morningC. smartphones can shorten the drying timeD. we should refresh clothes back at home75.

12、 What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. The laundry should be frequently checked.B. Lazy people like using such machines.C. Good technologies also cause problems.D. Television may help do the laundry.- 3 -【考点】日常生活类一夹斜夬议【文章大意】主要向我们弁绍了三星公司推出新产品目的是更彳更捷人们的生活，1E 同时也引 人深思.好技术产主的同时也会带来负面的影响一生懒惰.72,

13、【答案】0【试闢解析】推理判斷题.根据第二段第一句申的吶化 J广也 dyJgw 严可抑人 如时也己蛭很热悉了，故答案选山【难度】一股g【答棗】9【试翹解析】丸章的一齐是就点朋了主题，越来越多的交母用名人蛤孩子起帘字.而第二段 辛算三段分别说明.故选的是 A 项.【难度】中等74,【答案】k【试逆解析】推理判断题.综合全文可知.三星运用 appconnection于产品中是为了让生舌 妾需更割 R，故答案选 A.【难度】一骰75. 【答案】C【试题髀析】段落大意题.交章蛊后一段主蔓讲了好揑术所能做的默是滋生櫛惰，所加 M 更 是好的技术也会带来负而的问駆 故答案选 C.【难度】一殿【*:难句解析

14、】If you darted to dry clothes in the moiine: and forgot ro *aks thenl OUL you can go to yuurphone and restarr your dryn for tlie time hen. you com? hcni?:so y（xu cloiei are refreslid md fe 吕 dy to go If引导条件状语1从句，hen弓|导时面状语从句,so引导结果状咼 从句，意思是；如果你开始烘干衣服并忘了把衣服塞出昭你可以通过电话在你回家的时候 重启燥干札舸羊你的衣服就重新整理好了.链接 2.（2

15、012 安徽卷）In Asia, there are special competiti ons where kites have complex desig ns and are fitted with instrumentsthat make musical sounds as the wind blows through them. Although all kites have a similar structure（结构），they are widely differe nt insize and shape. Kite-fighting competitions are also

16、held, in which competitions us their kites to attack and bringdown their opponents （对手）kites or cut their strings（线）For more than 15 years, the Big Wind Kite Factory has been giving kite-making andkite flying classes for the children on an island in Hawaii. In its kite-making lessons, stude nts can

17、make kites inas little as 20 minu tes! Childre n as young as four years old can learn how to fly a kite. Jonathan Socher and hiswife Daphne started the kite factory in 1980. their kites are made of nylon（尼龙） .Their desig ns areHawaiia nthemes created by Daph ne. The desig ns are cut out of the nylon

18、 with a hot knife that seals the edges and the- 4 -n faste ned directly onto the kite.The kite that is used to give lessons is regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern. The difference betweenthis kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two-string controllable kite. Big Wind

19、 employeesfly the kite and for a few minutes show students how pulling on one line and then on the other controls thedirection the kite goes in. Then the controls are given to the studentsJonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to havefun making and flying kites. Eve

20、n the simplest structure can work, and can give hours of fun. Go on, give it a try!68. Which of the following is true according to the text?A. A hot knife is used to iron the nylon.B. Children never fly kites on their own in flying lessons.C. Kite strings must not be cut in kite-fighting competition

21、s.D. Daphne designs kites for the Big Wind Kite Factory.69. What is different about the kite used for flying lessons?A. It has two strings.B. It is simple in designC. It has a rainbow pattern.D. It is shaped like a diamond.70.According to Jonathan ,what do you need to have fun with kites?A. A large

22、kite. B Any type of kite.C. A complex structure. D. A kite that impresses others.71.What is mainly described in the text?A . A kite factoryB. Kite-flying lessons.C .Special competitions.D .The kite-making Process.【考点】日常生活类科技说明文【文章大意】 。本文讲的是由 Jonathan 和他的妻子组建的 the Big Wind Kite Factory的制造的各种各样的飞机和 Jo

23、nathan 给孩子们传授制造各种各样的飞机的课。68. 【答案】 D【试题解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“ Jonathan Socher and his wife Daphne started the kite factory in1980. their kites are made of nylon（尼龙） .Their designs areHawaiian themes created by Daphne. ”可知 D 项正确。【难度】较难- 5 -皈席案】A【试邂鮭析】细节理爍题-根堀文章第四段Th 亡 difference b亡 wm this ki： id the cnc.

24、uie- mak?during: the lessons is that it it a two-string controlUble Idle 可知选 A 项.一骰m【蓉案】s【试题解折】 推锂判斷题-根据文章暈盾一段特别Epaitlw simplest stfucture can科込andcan givt-hours offun/ 可以推 5Q是答案 E 顼口【难度】綾难Tk【答臻】A【试题解 4f】篇章结枸题.文聿一开壮点出 kite,为后面写 ronathaz ft 他的妻子组建的 theBig Wind Kite Tact on- 1!铺垫-故选冬项【淮度】綾难链接 3（2012 安

25、徽卷）Welcome to your future life!You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and youn g-look ing. In 2035, medicaltech no logy is better tha n ever. Many people your age could live to be 150,so at 40, you re not old at all.And your parents just had ananti-aging（ 抗衰老的）treatmen

26、t. Now, all three of look the same age !You say to your shirt , ” Turn red. ” It changes from blue to red. In 2035,“smartclothes ” contain particles（ 粒子 ）much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmedto change clothes color or pattern.You walk into the kitchen . You pick u

27、p the milk ,but a voice says , ” You shouldn t drink that! ” Yourfridge has read the chip （芯片）that contains information aboutthe milk , and it Knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip .It s time to go to work . In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just t

28、ell your “ smart car ” where to go. On theway , you can call a friend usingyour jacket sleeve . Such“ smart tech no logy ” is all around you.- 6 -villall lhese thingscome true? Foi nev technolagyto succeedsA，says scientist Andrew 2olll， itlias七口be 30 muctl better tkat九七icplaces vkat we havie already

29、. The Internet is one exanple urhal will be the neiit?73 We can lcain from tlie text that in the iutuxe_ .A .peop1e will nevei get cId乃.everyone will look the seC - red will be the nost popular colorI), clothes will be able to ckaage th.ei_i pattern73. hat can lie inferred from Paragraph 4?Milk will

30、 be harnful to healthidrinks 1111 be available far sale.following is menticmtd工n the test?Kottiinj匚创replace the Internet.Fridges will Knov vrliat people meed.C* J acted sLetves can be usedASa guid*.D* Cars will be able to drive autamati匚鱼lly*75.What is the text mainly about?A. Food and cloth ing in

31、2035.B. Future tech no logy in everyday life.C. Medical treatme nts of the future.D. The reas on for the success of new tech no logy.【考点】科幻类一说明文【文章大意】。本文讲的是对未来的生活吃，穿，住，工作等的描述。72.【答案】D【试题解析】文章的第二段The particles can be programmed to change clothes coloror pattern.”可知答案。【难度】一般73.【答案】C【试题解析】段落大意题。根据文章第四段

32、所讲的，当到厨房的时候，牛奶过期了，会有电子信息告诉你不能吃了。故选C 项。【难度】一般74.【答案】D【试题解析】根据It s time to go to work . In 2035, cars drive themselves. Justtell your “ smart car ” where to go. ”可知 D 项正确。【难度】一般75.【答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段For new tech nology to succeed,”和后面的 thein ternet可知下一段将要讲的是科技。故选B 项。B. MoreFood in thegrocery store

33、 vill caxiy elect! onic inf or mail on.MLlk in thegjoceiy stcxe vill stay fresh nuch longer 74.!hichB.C.- 7 -【难度】一般 专项训练AInven tor, physicist, surveyor, astro no mer, biologist, artistRobert Hookewas all these and more. Some say he was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th cen tury .In the

34、course of his work, he cooperated with famous men of scie neelike Isaac Newt on, and the great architect, Christopher Wren.Hooke s early educatio n bega n at home, un der the guida nee of his father.He entered Westminster School at the age of 13, and from there went to Oxford, where he came in conta

35、ct with some of the best scie ntists in En gla nd. Hooke impressed them with his skills at designingexperiments and inventing instruments. In 1662, at the age of 28, he was n amed Curator of Experime ntsat the n ewly formed Royal Society of London meaning that he was resp on sible for dem on strati

36、ngnew experime nts at the society s weekly meet in gs. Hooke accepted the job, even though he knew thatthe society had no money to pay him!WiiHh血 g living 爭 tlccugh a microfccpe 讥益 one of hispa乩 me三 Heinventeda compoundmicroscope 他 This puipose. One daywliile obseriiig; a cork （软卞塞unde:a microscopt:

37、he siv/ htmeyoomblite stmcnirs. Thfy were cells ihe small 亡口 units of lifti In fact it was Hooke Avh.oinvented the term as the boxliie cells of lb?- cork remioc1c ir*n of The celU of a tnonasTerA-（修道院）”Anotliet d匚 hi邛弋 i兰 1： of Hooxts vashis bock MicrorahiL v.inchtii;芒丘帖工“山pclential cf miarciccp Itf

38、 隘门口吐佩 g 址印冲口爭 cf the 山理麥 h: ；a undermicroicope. The book also includes, amon 琴 other thin 吕 m： ideas on graib; light and cambu：5n ；i ttiar may haF? h?；i）ed idmtisrs lik?whfn ihty粘亡亡deve；cpinou rheoE 芒cn these phenomenaHooke ma.deconiibiiLioni to istcuoniA- too. A cra:er i坑on emoon is named ift?rhim

39、 in appreciatio n of his services to this branch of scie nee.1. We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Hooke is_ .A. frien dly B. sociable C. creativeD. helpful2. Why possibly did Hooke accept the job as Curator of Experime nts?A. Because his parents couldn t afford his education.B. Because his family n

40、 eeded his support.C. Because he wan ted to please the famous scie ntists in En gla nd.D. Because he liked desig ning experime nts.3. The cell got its n ame because of_ .A. its use B. its shape C. Hooke s favoritesD. Hooke s experiences4. The last paragraph is to prove that_ .A. Hooke was the greate

41、st experime ntal scie ntist of the 17th cen turyB. Hooke was good at making discoveriesC. Hooke s contributions werenot limited to one filedD. Hooke was one of the greatest astr ono mers5. The best title for the text may be_ .A. The Greatest Scien tistB. A Helper of Newt on- 8 -C. A Brief In troduct

42、ion to HookeD. Achieveme nts of HookeBChildren start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world aroundthem. Helping them enjoy scienee can be easy ;there s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensivelab equipment. You only have to share your children s curiousness Firstly ,liste

43、n to their questi on s. Ionce visited a classroom of seve n year oldsto talk about scienee as a job. The children asked me“ textbook questions ” aboutschooling, salary and whether I liked myjob. Whenl finished answering,we sat facingone another in silence.FinallyI said, “Now that we re finished with

44、 your lists ,doyou have questi ons of your own about scie nee?”After a long pause, a boy raised his hand,“ Have you ever seen a grasshopper（ 蚱蜢）eat? When I try eati ng leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?”This bega n a set of questi ons that lasted n early two hours.Secon dly ,give them time

45、to thi nk. Studies over the past 30 years have show nthat ,after ask ing a questi on, adults typically wait only one sec ond or less for anan swer, no time for a child to think.When adults in crease their “ wait time ” tothree sec onds or more ,childre n give more logical , complete and creative an

46、swers.Thirdly, watch your Ianguage .Once you have a child involved in a scienee discussion, don t jumpin with“ That s right ” or“Very good ” .These words work well when it comes toencouraginggood behavior.Butin talkingabout scienee, quick praise can signalthatdiscussion is over. Instead,keep thingsg

47、oing by saying “ That s interesting” orI d neverthought of itthat way before ” ,or coming up with more questions orideas.Never push a child to “Think ” .It doesn t makesense, childrenare always thinking,without your telling them to. What s more ,this can turn a conversation into aperformanee. The ch

48、ild will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will bea smaller target for your disagreeme nt.Lastly, show; don t tell. Real life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any less onchildre n can lear n from a book or a televisi on program. Let childre n

49、look at their fingertips through amagnifying glass（放大镜）,and they 11 understandwhy you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates（蒸 发）,set a potof water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.I.Accord ing to the passage , childre n are n atural scie ntists, and

50、 to raise theirin terest, the most importa nt thing for adults to do is_ .A. to let them see the world aroundB. to share the children s curiosityC. to expla in difficult phrases about scie neeD .to supply the children with lab equipment- 9 -2.ln the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word lis

51、ts ” could best be replaced- 10 -by_ .A. any questi onsB .any problemsC .questi ons from textbooksD .any nu mber of questi ons3. According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, completeand creative way if adults_ .A. ask them to an swer quicklyB. wait for one or two sec on

52、ds after a questi onC .tell them to an swer the next dayD .wait at least for three sec onds after a questi on4. In which of the follow ing paragraph（s）does the author tell us what to say toen courage childre n in a scie nee discussi on?A. The sec ond and third.B. The fourth and fifth.C. The fifth an

53、d sixth.D. The seve nth.5. The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with theirchildren s curiosity except that adults should_ .A. tell their childre n stories in stead of recit ing（背诵）factsB. offer their childre n cha nces to see thi ngs for themselvesC. be patie nt en

54、o ugh whe n their childre n an swer questi onsD. en courage their childre n to ask questio ns of their ownWhydoes eating feel so good? The secret may lie in the head, not in the stomach,US researchers reported. Tests on rats show that the appetite horm one Ghreli n（researchers develop better diet dr

55、ags.“ In mice and rats , Ghrelin excites the same neurons （ food,that is, neurons thatprovide thefeeli ngexpectation of reward , ” the researchers write inIn vestigati on.“ These n euro ns are located in a regi on of the brain known as the ven tral tegmental area（VTA）, wrote the researchers, headed

56、by Dr. Tamas Horvath of the Yale Uni versity School ofMedici ne in Conn ecticut.Horvaths team found that Ghrelin, which is only discovered in the last decade, acts on a molecularstructure on brain cells called the growth hormone secret receptor or GHSR for short.WhenGhrelin was put into this area of

57、 the rats brains, they ate as hungrily as they did after beingkept hungry overni ght, the researchers said. Ghreli n is produced in the gut（ 肠道）and causes the brainto promote eati ng.Several hormones are known to be involved in eating and appetite, and studieshave show n that in flue ncingthem can a

58、ffect weight gain in rats and mice. In flue ncing huma n eating behavior has prove n far more difficult, however.Horvath said it might be possible to desig n a drag that in terferes with GHSR放激素释放肽）acts on pleasure receptors （感受器）in the brain.The findingsmay help神经细胞）asdeliciousofpleasure andthetheJ

59、ournalof Cli ni cal- 11 -and thus help people with eati ng disorders.1. Which is the best title for this passage?A. Eating Addiction Is All in the HeadB. Researchers Finds Secrets of the BrainC. Hormones Expla in Eat ing HabitsD. Researchers Develop Better Diet Drags-2. Accord ing to the passage, GH

60、SR_.A. is one kind of horm onesB. is a pleasure receptor in the brainC. lies in the gutD. causes eati ng disorders3. Whats the possible applicati on findin gs?A. To control the weight of mice and rats.B. To analyze hormones in animals.C. To make healthy diets for huma nsD. To develop better diet drugs.4