2020届高三英语专项练习专题八：《七选五说明类专练》

1、2020 届高三英语专项练习专题八：七选五说明类专练第 I 卷（选择题） （每题 2 分，共 40 分）一七选五根据短文内容， 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 选项中有两项为多余 选项。A （考点 24 中难）The USAis a society formed by many differentimmigrant cultures that produceda new and mixed culture. Most Americans celebrate different customs which started in other countriesand start se

2、veral new traditions and cultures._2_ They tend to live independently, and communicate directly,honestly and informally with their families, friends and colleagues.Americans always keep advancing with the times._ In America,it is relatively common for both parents to work, and American women are equ

3、al partners in marriage.In the USA, the most common family unit consists of the parents and children living under oneroof. Most American children are taught to compete, through organized sports and education, as wellas speak out their minds and have confidence to stand up for what they believe in.Ma

4、nyimmigrant families alsofeature several generations living under one roof, with younger family members respecting the elders needs and valuing their opinions.Whenpeople from different cultures get married and have children, they may have issues when itcomes to maintaining their unique traditions an

5、d mixing shared customs at the same time.However, with a little effort, children in thesefamilies can benefit from having both outlooks and traditions. Children who are raised bilingually canalso benefit in future careers and learn to make decisions better than monolingual kids.A. Many Americans fin

6、d happy life is important.B. They are also taught to respect their parents at all costs.C.It can be a challenge to find the perfect balance between cultures.D.According to socialists, the American family culture has many unique aspects.E.American children refuse to follow their parents advice and al

7、ways argue with them.F.Changing rather than sticking to tradition is considered by many Americans as improvement.G.The difference is easy to deal with if parents can meet halfway and stand in the other s shoes.B （考点 24 中难）I still remember my first time going to the Chinese companys canteen. WhenI st

8、epped onto the elevator, each one was full of people._ However,there was no sign of fire and people were laughing and talking. I followed the flow of the crowd to thedoors of the canteen. It occurred to me that in China everyone has lunch almost at the same time._ The canteen followed thisschedule,

9、only being open a few hours per day.When I stood in the doorway, I realized I had to act fast or I would be left behind.Unlikemy school lunchroom, here everyone lined up and tooka tray, and instead of silverware there were chopsticks and soup spoons.As I was pushed along the line, I saw dishes I did

10、nt recognize and as people cut in line andpicked up dishes left and right,_ I ended up takinga pork and cucumber dish and a tofu salad.I have been at my company for over a year and a half._ I havelearned what dishes I like, mostly by trial and error, and a lot of the workers know me and say hello to

11、me.I am still getting used to eating lunch at lunchtime, but I think theschedule definitely helps keep me on track during the day. I wish there were something like this at officesin my hometown.A.I thought I had missed a fire drill.B.There was no emergency; it was just lunchtime.C.I noticed things a

12、t lunchtime were a bit different.D.I felt that I needed to make some quick decisions.E.The canteen reminded me of my school lunchroom.F.And now I am glad to say I am more confident in the canteen.G.I was not very familiar with the local food or restaurants in China.C （考点 24 中难）Earth is home to aroun

13、d 7,000 languages, around half of which are expected to disappear by2100.Languages disappear for many reasons. Sometimes younger generations stopleaming a language because parents want children to fit in._ NativeAmerican children of the late-19th century were required to attend boarding schools wher

14、e educatorsforbade them from speaking their native languages.The United Nations ranks endangered languages according to their risk level.For example, a critically endangered language is one that even grandparents don t speak often.NewYork s Onondaga language is an example with only 50 speakers left.

15、 An extinct language has nospeakers. It is gone forever. Alaska s Eyak language is one example.3_ In the same way, different languages contribute to culturaldiversity. Saving theselanguages benefits our understanding of other cultures. Languages can show how a society looksat the world and what it v

16、alues.A language may describe something in a way that is funny ,too. In Welsh , it rains not cats and dogs , but old wives and walking sticks.The Endangered Language Alliance wants to save languages from disappearing.However,its efforts are limited. If an endangered language is going to make areal c

17、omeback, it ll probably get its start in schools. For nearly 100 years, public schools in Hawaii didnot teach theHawaiian language. Now students can keeplearning in Hawaiian from elementary schools to college and beyond._ At least one did. In 1881, a Jewish linguist named EliezerBen-Yehuda brought t

18、he 3 ,000-year-old language Hebrew back to life. Today it is one of the officiallanguages of the country of Israel,with more than 4 million speakers.A. The last person who spoke it died in 2008.B. Why should we save endangered languages?C. Various animals and plants benefit our environment.D. With j

19、ust 5 speakers left,it is absolutely endangered.E. Can a language with zero native speakers come back to life?F. Sometimes societies force minorities to give up their language.G. The nonprofit group finds native speakers and records their stories.D （考点 24 中难）Long, long ago people couldnt write and t

20、hey had no books. But they had stories.People learned the stories by heart and taught new ones to one another. Sometimesit was hardto remember them all._The ancient Egyptians wrote their stories on something made from papyrus （ 纸 莎草） plants.People in other places learned to use papyrus from theEgypt

21、ians._So parchment （ 羊皮纸 ） ，made from goatskin ，later took its place.In ancient China, books looked a little different. At that time, people thereused ink to write on bamboo or silk. And then they invented paper. Made of trees，paper was easier and cheaper to makethan papyrus or parchment._Papermakin

22、glater spread to the West, but there was a big problem with these early books. Every single one had to becopied and written by hand.4_ They carved （ 雕刻） a page of words into a piece of wood or stone. Theycould then print the page by spreading ink on the wood or stone and putting it against paper. Bu

23、t it wasntuntil a German printer invented movable, metal letters that books became fast and easy to make. Theletters could be used to print copy after copy, and the letters put together again and again to printdifferent pages of words.5_ Once a luxury （ 奢侈品）only the rich could buy. it soon became at

24、reasure everyone could enjoy,A.But papyrus grew mainly in Egypt.B.It took years to finish making just one book.C.Finally books could be printed by the thousands.D.Things grew a little easier when writing was invented.E.Its surface was smoother and better for writing on too.F.Books in the West didnt

25、change for a long time after that.G.The Chinese were the first to think of a way to speed things up a little.第 II 卷（非选择题） （每题 1.5 分，共 60 分）语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（1）Friendship is one of the most important things in everyone slife._is very difficult to find a better definition（ 定义 ） o

26、f friendship.A true friend is the person_ 考点 10 can share all our sadness and doubleall our happiness. In time of trial（尝试 ） , he or she isalways at our side to giveus his or her help and comfort.Knowing how valuable friendship is, we should be very_ 考点 06（care） with our choice of a friend. We shoul

27、d_ （choice） th ose peoplewith a good character as our friends, but we must try to avoid_考点08 （make） friends with a bad man. Besides, we should forgive their mistakes and try to help them asmuch_ possible.A true friend can always_考点 09 （trust）, loved and respected.If you tell a friend your secrets, h

28、e or she will not tell others. Friends sharetheir joys_ 考点 12 unhappiness. They help each other when they are_ 考点 03trouble, and cheer each other up when they are sad._ 考点 01 most important thing is that a friend always understands you. Inconclusion, when you have made a good friend, don t forget hi

29、m or her.（2）The British Museum,_考点 08 （locate） in the Bloomsbury area ofLondon, is the first national public museum dedicated to human history, art and4)culture. Its permanent collection numbers some 8 million works, making it one ofthe largest in_ 考点 04 (exist). It has been_ 考点 06 (wide)sourced , d

30、ocumenting the story of human culture_ 考点 03 itsbeginnings to the present. As with all other national museums in_ 考点 01 United Kingdom, it charges no admission fee. Its ownership of some of its most famous objects_ 考点 10 originally came from other countries iscontroversial, particularly in the case

31、of the Parthenon Marbles. Today the museum no longer houses_ 考点 04 (collection) of natural history,and thebooks and manuscripts( 手稿 ) once i t_考点 09 (hold) now form part ofthe independent British Library,_ 考点 12 it still keeps itsuniversality in collections of artificial works_ 考点 08 (represent)the

32、cultures of the world, ancient and modern.(3)Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friendswho had been there before said_ was a wonderful holiday destination.Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready.After our plane landed, we went to

33、the hotel. We had made our reservation six months考点 06 (early), but the man at the front desk said there hadbeen a mistake. We_考点 09 (tell)that our rooms hadnt been reservedfor that week,_ 考点 12 for the week after. I didnt understand_ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged6_ 考

34、点 03 the reservation. Whats worse, the hotel had been fully booked.When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was_ 考点 06 (surprise)helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on考点01 top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room,4)and we werent char

35、ged extra.The next day, mybrother and I went to the beach_ 考点 13 we watchedsome people play volleybal l. Wegot a little_ 考点 08 (sunburn),but theday had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.The British have many traditions but there is nothing more quintessential (型的 ) than taking afternoon tea. Wekno

36、w the British have a love affair with drinkingtea,_ 考点 03/08 more than 160 million cups drunk every day, but it waspopular pastime.and a selection of small cakes. And, of course, it can only happen in the afternoon!Afternoon tea,_ 考点 08 (design) as a light snack to bridge the gap between lunch anddi

37、nner, dates back to the 1840s. It went on to become a5_ 考点 06 (fashion) social occasion for the upper classes.Now there is a resurgence ( 复苏 ) in its_考点 04 (popular) in theUK and it is available to anyo ne who can afford it. _ _考点 13 it can beenjoyed at home, the best way to experienee it is at a sm

38、art hotel of cafe. But ifyoure thinking of visiting such a place_考点 08 (enjoy) a plate ofsweet and tasty treats with a steaming hot brew, remember the rules you must follow to avoid考点 08 (ask) to leave.Writer Henry James once noted that “there are few hours in life moreagreeable than the hour devote

39、d to the ceremony known as afternoon tea ”. I m sure once you try it,you_ _ 考点 09(agree).参考答案一、七选五A、答案：D; A; F; B; CB 答案：ABEDFthe invention of afternoon tea that turned tea-drinking into_ _ 考点 01This sociable feast involves drinking good quality tea_考点06 (comfort) while nibbling( 小口吃 ) on nice sandw

40、iches,scones with jam and cream解析：本文讲述了作者第一次在中企餐厅就餐的感受。1.A【解析】根据下文“然而，并没有着火的迹象，人们都有说有笑” 可知，设空处的内容需说明一下为何提到“有着火的迹象”。A 项“我本以为我错过了消防演习”解释了为何作者会认为应该出现着火的情况,故选 A 项。2.B【解析】根据“我突然想起在中国每一个人几乎都在同一时间吃午饭”和下文“餐厅 遵守着这个时间表”可知，B 项“根本没有什么紧急情况，只不过是午饭时间而已”符合语 境,故选 B 项。3.E【解析】下文“每个人排着队，拿着一个托盘，还有筷子和汤匙而不是银餐具”描述的 是买饭时的场景

41、，由此可知，E 项“这个餐厅让我想起我的学校的餐厅”是对作者看到的餐 厅场景的总结，且 E 项中的 school lunchroom 与下文呼应，故选 E 项。4.D【解析】根据上文中描述的周围同事取菜的场景和下文中提到的“我最终选择了黄瓜炒肉和豆腐沙拉”可知，设空处应该与作者取午餐相关，D 项“我觉得我应该快速作决定” 是对作者取到午餐前的心理描写，符合语境，故选 D 项。5.F【解析】根据设空前的“我在公司已经一年半多了”以及设空后的“主要是通过反复摸索以后，我已经知道了我喜欢吃什么菜，许多员工也认识我了并且和我打招呼”可知，该段 的内容是对作者熟悉在中企工作后的描写，F 项“现在我可以很

42、高兴地说我在餐厅更加自信 了”是对作者熟悉中餐厅后的描写，故选 F 项。C 答案：F; A; C; G; E解析：1 .由第二段内容可知，整段都在说明语言消失的原因，所以小题 1 也是在陈述语言消失的原 因。故F 选项切题。2. 由.An ” ext in ctIan guage has no speakers. It is gone forever. Alaska s Eyaklanguage is one example. 可知，已经灭绝的语言没有说种这语言的人了。它永远消失了。 阿拉斯加语言就是一个例子。所以小题 2 说的是 :说这种语言的最后一人死于2008 年，这种语言也就永远消失了

43、。符合对前文的解释。故 A 选项切题。3. 由第三段可知，第三段主要在讲述人们受益于不同种的语言。再由in the same way 可知,小题 3 在讲述各种动植物有益于环境，以此说明多种语言也有益于人类。故C 选项切题。4. 由 The Endangered Language Alliance wants to save languages from disappearing. 可知，这个濒临灭绝语言联盟希望挽救这些即将消失的语言。 小题 2 要说明他们具体的做法。 故 G 选项切题。5. 由 At least one did. In 1881, a Jewish linguist nam

44、ed Eliezer Ben-Yehuda brought the3 ,000-year-old language Hebrew back to life. Today it is one of the officiallanguages of the country of Israel, with more than 4 million speakers.可知 , 至少有一种语言做到了。在 1881 年,一位名叫 Eliezer Ben-Yehuda 的犹太语言学家使这个有 3 千年历史的希伯来语复活。 今天,它是以色列的官方语言之一 ,有 400 多万使用者。 所以通过 回答和举例说明，我

45、们可以判断出小题 5 要问“没有人说的语言能复活吗？”。故 E 选项切题。D 答案：DAEGC解析： 1. D 提示：根据第二段第句 The ancient Egyptians wrote their stories on something madefrom papyrus plants.（ 古埃及人把他们的故事写在用纸莎草这种植物制作 的东西上。 ）可知，第一段的最后一句承接第一段的内容并引起第二段的内容，所以应该填 与“把故事写下来”相关的内容。2.A提示：根据前后文，由于纸莎草做的东西可以记录故事，所以其他地方的人也想采用这种方式 . 后文又提到一种羊皮纸后来取代了纸莎草， 说明其他地

46、方的人得到纸莎草不容易， 才会选择转代物，A 项符合语境。3.E提示：根据前一句 Made of trees ， paper was easier and cheaper to make than papyrus orparchment.（ 用树木制造的纸，相比纸莎草和羊皮纸更加便宜和容易制作。）可 知，这一段是在讲用树木制作的纸的特点。4.G提示：这一空为句首的句子，所以结合整段内容可知，这一段是在讲述怎样让书的制造过程更加简易迅速。结合选项G 中的 speed 可以得出答案。5.C提示：此处为最后一段的首句，结合全文可知，这一段对于书的发展史进行了总结，C项符合语境，现在的书可以成千上万的

47、复制印刷。二、语法填空（1） 答案： It; who; careful; choose; making; as; be trusted; and; in; The（2） 答案： 1. located 2. existence 3. widely 4. from 5.the 6.that 7. collections8.held 9.but 10. representing解析：术和文化的国家公共博物馆 , 且不收取费用。1.located 【解析】考查词性转换。 be located in. 为固定搭配 , 意为“坐落于 ,位于 ” 本句为从句which is located in ”的省略句

48、 , 去掉了 which is, 故填 located 。2.existence 【解析】考查词性转换 ,句意 :它的永久藏品数量大约为800 万, 使它成为现存的最大的博物馆之一。 in existence 为固定短语 , 意为“现存”。3.widely 【解析】考查副词。修饰动词 sourced 应用副词作状语 , 故填 widely 。4.from【解析】考查介词。from. to.为固定搭配，意为从. 到.”。句意：它的来源广泛 , 记录了人类文化从开始到现在的故事。故填 from 。5.the 【解析】考査冠词。 the United Kingdom 为固定用法，意为“英国”，故填

49、the。6.that 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，句中的 its most famous objects 是 先行词，空处在定语从句中作主语，指物，且先行词被形容词最高级修饰，所以要用 that 引导 定语从句。7.collections 【解析】考査名词的单复数。 collection 是可数名词，此处指很多的收藏 品，故填复数形式 collections 。8. held 【解析】考査时态。分析句子可知，空处是谓语动词，与 it 是主谓关系，根据时间状 语once 可知，本句要用一般过去时，故填 held 。9.but 【解析】 考査连词。 分析语境可知，本句与前面的句子是转折关系，是今昔对比，因此 要填 but 。10.representing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词 ke