高中英语主动表被动结构汇总

1、高中英语高中英语主动表被动结构主动表被动结构1.表示状态特征的系动词如表示状态特征的系动词如smell, taste, feel, sound, look, prove等用主动语态表示等用主动语态表示被动意义。被动意义。e.g. The ice-creams smell sweet. Such kind of cloth feels soft. The news proved to be true.2. 动词动词sell, write, read, open, lock, shut, wear, wash, keep, cook, cut, burn, run等等与与well, smoothl

2、y, easily，slowly, quickly, perfectly, badly等副词连用等副词连用时，时，或与cant, wont 等连用，说明主语的固有属性或内在的说明主语的固有属性或内在的“性性能能”“”“特点特点”，用主动代替被动。，用主动代替被动。e.g. 1) This kind of book sells well.比较：比较：This kind of book has been sold out. 2) His shirts wash easily.比较：比较：His shirt are washed by his wife.The cloth washes well.

3、这种布料好洗。The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。This cheese doesnt cut easily. Its too soft. 这乳酪不容易切，太软了。This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。 These plays act wonderfully这些剧演得好。 Kates book reads like an interesting novel凯特的这本书读起来像本有趣的小说。 The door wont shut. 这门关不上。The supermarket doors shut automatically.

4、超级市场的门是自动关的。3. 不及物动词及一些固定短语不及物动词及一些固定短语不能用被动语态：不能用被动语态： take place, happen, come up, run out（用完）（用完）, give out（耗尽）（耗尽）, go out（熄灭）（熄灭）, come out（出版）（出版）, come to light, belong to, break out, lose heart, die out, own, have, possess, happen, occur等。等。e.g. The oil is running out. The accident happend b

5、y chance.4. 当当want, require, need，deserve，be worth后接后接doing作宾语作宾语 e.g. 花儿需要浇水了。花儿需要浇水了。 The flowers want watering. The book is worth reading. The old building requires repairing. These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully. Your hair wants/needs cutting

6、 (needs to be cut). 5. 不定式不定式to let（出租）（出租）, to blame（该受责备）（该受责备）to seek表示被动意义。表示被动意义。e.g. 这栋楼正待出租。这栋楼正待出租。 The building is to let now. He is to blame for the accident。 The truth is not far to seek。6、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，结构：结构：主语主语+系动词系动词+形容词形容词 + 不定式不定式； 动词动词+宾宾语语+形容词形容词+不定式不定式。如

7、果形容词是表示。如果形容词是表示难易、利难易、利弊弊等含义，如等含义，如 difficult, easy, comfortable, convenient, hard, cheap, expensive等，不定式用主动表被动。等，不定式用主动表被动。 The question is difficult to answer. The work is easy to do. I found the car comfortable to ride in. That makes poetry difficult to write. 7. 不定式作后置定语修饰前面的名词，且为动不定式作后置定语修饰前面的

8、名词，且为动宾关系，用主动形式表被动含义。宾关系，用主动形式表被动含义。e.g. I have a meeting to attend.恐怕我不能参加今晚的聚会了，因为我还有很恐怕我不能参加今晚的聚会了，因为我还有很多作业要做。多作业要做。Im afraid I cant take part in the party tonight, as I still have lots of homework to do.I have some letters to write. 我有一些信要写。I want something to drink. 我想喝点什么。I want to get someth

9、ing to read. 我想找点东西阅读。【注】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较：I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字)I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字)但有时含义有差别(不定式用主动式可视为其前省略了for sb，用被动式可视为其后省略了by sb)：There is nothing to do. 无事可做。(含有无聊之意)There is nothing to be done. 不能做什么了。(指没有办法了)There is nothing to see.

10、 没什么可看的。(即不值一看)There is nothing to be seen. 没看见什么。(指没东西看)8. 有些动词用于进行时主动表示被动有些动词用于进行时主动表示被动 My book is missing. Something is burning. The paper is printing. My raincoat is hanging on the wall. There are many good films played by ChengLong that are worth _. A. to be seen B. being seen C. seeing D. to

11、see 2. The food _ easily and sells _. A. cooks ; well B. is cooking; good C. is cooked; well D. cooked; good 3. The windows of the building cant _., A. be closed B. close C. be closing D. closed CAB被动形式表主动含义：被动形式表主动含义：一一)、不及物动词的过去分词只表完成不表被动，不及物动词的过去分词只表完成不表被动，因此在因此在be + p.p. 的句型中看似被动实际是主动。的句型中看似被动实际

12、是主动。 例如：例如：be gone , be retired , be graduated fromThe days are gone when China was both poor and backward. 二）、过去分词变成了形容词二）、过去分词变成了形容词, 因此也是看似被动因此也是看似被动实际表状态实际表状态, 为系表结构。尤其是后边加介词更为为系表结构。尤其是后边加介词更为多见。多见。例如：例如：be interested in，be surprised, be excited, be pleased, be satisfied, be disappointed, be sho

13、cked, be moved, be amazed, be delighted, be ashamed 等。等。三）、三）、某些特殊动词：某些特殊动词： be seated = sit down, take ones seat 就座就座Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen. The woman seated by the window is his mother.= The woman sitting by the window is his mother.这样的动词本来就是及物动词，而且后面可跟反这样的动词本来就是及物动词，而且后面可跟反身代词做宾语身

14、代词做宾语She seated herself on the sofa. 2. be prepared (for) = prepare (for); be ready (for)）（为）（为)准备好准备好She was prepared for anything to happen. Well-prepared for the exam, all the students took it confidently.3. be worried (about ) = worry (about) 对对担心担心She was worried about her missing son.= She wor

15、ried herself about her missing son. 4. be dressed (in) = wear 穿着穿着She is dressed in red today.Hurry up and get dressed! 5. be concerned (about/ with ) = care about/ be relevant to/ be about 关心关心; 与与有关联有关联We are all concerned about his health. Were all concerned for her safety. This book is concerned

16、 with the adolescent crime.5. be supposed (to) = should 应该应该 Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or just this one? = Should I clean all the rooms or just this one?6. be devoted to =be loving or loyal 热爱的热爱的; 忠忠实的实的 She is devoted to her children. 她深爱她的孩子她深爱她的孩子.Her life was devoted to caring for th

17、e sick and needy. 她一生都致力于关心照顾贫病交迫的她一生都致力于关心照顾贫病交迫的人。人。7. be addicted (to) = be strongly interested (in)对对上瘾上瘾He was addicted to smoking. 8. be used (to) 习惯于习惯于After three weeks she had got used to the extreme heat. 9. be accustomed (to) =be used (to) 习惯习惯（于（于.) I soon got accustomed to his strange w

18、ays. 1._( dress) in white, he looks like a doctor.2. After _ (stay) here for 1 year, he _(accustom) to the hot weather.3. You _ (suppose) to arrive here before 8 oclock.4. You can pass the exam as long as you _ (prepare, well) for it.5. After all the people _ (seat), the chairman announced the start

19、 of the meeting.Dressedstayingis accustomedare supposedare well-prepared were seatedRead the sentences and answer the questions.1. It tells us who did the action.Paris is visited by more than eight million tourists every year.The Sagrada Familia was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi.Flor

20、ences most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci.11. What does the word by in the first three sentences tell you?What are the differences between the two sentences?More than eight million tourists visit Paris every years.Paris is visited by more

21、than eight million tourists every years.2. The focus is different. In the first sentences it is Paris which is more important. In the second sentence we are more interested n the tourists.3. In sentence d, because we understand that it means “is known by everyone”, and the inclusion of the agent wou

22、ld be superfluous. In sentence e because we arent interested in who built it(although it would be perfectly alright to add “by Iktino and Kallikrates” here).d. Athens is known as the birthplace of western civilisation.e. The Parthenon was built during this period.Why is the word by not in the senten

23、ces d and e?Florence is visited by about a million tourists each year.London was visited by ten million people last year.The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonado da Vinci.The Mona Lisa wasnt painted by Picasso.The great Wall of China was built by thousands of workers.Check your answers:2No, it isnt . It

24、s located in Paris.No, it isnt . It is situated on the River Seine.No, it isnt . Its visited by one million tourists every year.No, it isnt. Athens is known as the birthplace of western civilization.No, it isnt . The Parthenon was built 2,400 years ago.Check your answers:3 形式形式时态时态助动词助动词be的变化形式的变化形式

25、+ 实意动词的过去分词实意动词的过去分词现在一般时态现在一般时态一般过去时态一般过去时态一般将来时态一般将来时态一般过去将来时态一般过去将来时态现在进行时态现在进行时态过去进行时态过去进行时态现在完成时态现在完成时态过去完成时态过去完成时态将来完成时态将来完成时态过去将来完成时态过去将来完成时态 am (is , are ) was ( were) shall ( will) be should (would) be am(is, are) being was (were ) being has (have) been had been shall (will) have been shoul

26、d (would) have been+done课后练习课后练习将下面主动语态的句子转化为被动语态，将下面主动语态的句子转化为被动语态，每空一词。每空一词。1. All the people made fun of him. He _ _ _ _ by all the people.2. The whole country uses electricity widely. Electricity _ _ _ in the whole country.was made fun ofis widely used3. People say that house price will continue

27、 to go up in the next few years. _ _ _ that house price will continue to go up in the next few years.4. We expect all the students to come early to school. All the students _ _ to come early to school.It is saidare expected5. We found him working in the fields when we arrived. He _ _ _ in the fields

28、 when we arrived.6. The father made the boy work on the farm during summer holidays. The boy _ _ _ _ on the farm during summer holidays.was found workingwas made to work7. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The sick man _ _ _ _ _ by the nurse.8. People all over the world know Picasso. Picasso

29、 _ _ _ people all over the world.is being taken care ofis known by9. The couple provide money for their son to study abroad. The couples son _ _ _ money to study abroad.10. Eleven players make up a soccer team. A soccer team _ _ _ _ eleven players.was provided withis made up of被动态用于以下各种情况：A 动作的施动者很明

30、显，没有必要提到时：The rubbish hasnt been collected垃圾没有清走。The streets are swept every day马路每天都清扫。Your hand will be X-rayed你的手要照X片。 B 不知道、不确切知道或忘记了谁是施动者时：不知道、不确切知道或忘记了谁是施动者时： The minister was murdered 部长被谋杀了。部长被谋杀了。 My car has been moved！ 我的汽车被挪动过了！我的汽车被挪动过了！ Youll be met at the station 有人会到车站去接你。有人会到车站去接你。 I

31、ve been told that 有人告诉我说有人告诉我说 C 主动动词的主语是人们时：主动动词的主语是人们时： He is suspected of receiving stolen goods 他被怀疑接受了赃物。（人们怀疑他他被怀疑接受了赃物。（人们怀疑他） They are supposed to be living in New York 据猜测他们现在住在纽约。（人们猜测他们住据猜测他们现在住在纽约。（人们猜测他们住在在） （关于不定式结构与被动动词，参见第（关于不定式结构与被动动词，参见第245节与节与第第306节。）节。）D.对所做的事比对做事的人更感兴趣时： The house next door has been bought（by a Mr Jones） 隔壁的房子被（一个叫琼斯的先生的人）买下了。 如果认识琼斯先生，就会使用主动态： Your fathers friend，Mr Jones，h