人教版八年级上册英语Unit3词汇与语法基础(解析版)

1、:知识精讲一、必背词汇outgoing t & a? ad 外卜向的 better (betadj.更好的；较好的adv.更好地loudly dliaadv.大声地；高声地；花俏地quietly kWa?0dv.安静地；悄悄地；平静地hard-working ha?d w?0dj?勤勉的；努力工作的competition ?k? mp? n?i.竞争；比赛 fan tastic f?nk t?dj?极好的；了不起的which adj.哪一个；哪一些 pron.哪一个；哪些 clearly liad?清楚地；显然地win w ?i v.赢；赢得；获胜；获得 n.胜利 though con

2、j.虽然；尽管；adv.不过 tale nted htTd? adj.有才能的；有天赋的truly tru?li 真 adv 地；真诚地；正确地care ke?(r) v.关心；担忧；照顾；在乎 serious ri?s?adj.严肃的；严重的；庄重的mirror r?(r)? n.镜子；反映kid n.孩子，小孩 necessary s?es ?dj.必要的；必然的both b ?0 ad 两者都 pron.两者 grade n.成绩 should ?d aux .应该；可能；应当；将要 say ing n.名言reach ri?t? v.到达；伸出；达成；取得联系；延伸；(伸手)去够han

3、d n.援手touch t?t? vt.触摸；感动 heart ha?t n.心脏；内心 fact f? kt n.事实；真相；实际 break breX v 打碎；折断；违背；解决；中断 arm n.胳膊laugh la?f v.发笑；笑；嘲笑 n.笑声；笑；笑料share 空？(r) vt.分享，共享；分配；共有loud la ?d adj.大声的；adv.大声地；响亮地similar m?f?(?) adj.类似的primary np?ai? adj.最初的，最早的information ?nf? me? n.信息；情报；资料；通知二、重点词汇1. competitionnoun /?k

4、?m.p?t?./? n/a situati on in which some one is tryi ng to win someth ing or be more successful tha n some one else 竞争1) . Competition for jobs is intense.求职的竞争非常激烈。2) . There s a lot of competition between computer companies.计算机公司间的竞争很激烈。3) . The two companies are in competition with each other. 两家公

5、司相互竞争。2. share verb /?s?r/to have or use someth ing at the same time as some one else分享；共享1) . She s very possessive about her toys and finds it hard to share.她对自己的玩具占有欲太强，很难跟别人分享。2) . Bill and I shared an office for years.比尔和我同在一个办公室里工作了多年。3. similar adjective/?s?n.?l?r/look ing or being almost, bu

6、t not exactly, the same相似的，近似的1) . My father and I have similar views on politics.我和父亲在政治上观点相似。2) . I bought some new shoes which are very similar to a pair I had before.我买了一双新鞋，和我以前的一双非常相似。3) . Paul is very similar in appearance to his brother.保罗和他哥哥长得很像。4. break verb /bre ? broke, brokento (cause

7、someth ing to) separate sudde nly or viole ntly into two or more pieces, or to (cause somethi ng to) stopwork ing by being damaged破碎，破裂；打破；打断；损坏，弄坏1) . The dish fell to the floor and broke.碟子掉到地上摔碎了。2) . Charles is always break ing thin gs.查尔斯老是打碎东西。3) . She fell and broke her arm (= broke the bone

8、in her arm).她摔断了胳膊。5. necessaryadjective /?nes.?.ser.i/n eeded in order to achieve a particular result必需的，必不可少的1) . He lacks the n ecessary skills for the job.他不具备做这项工作所需的技能。2) . I don t have much time so I won t be stay ing any Ion ger tha n n ecessary.我时间不多，所以若非必要我不会逗留。3) . Just do what s necessar

9、y and then leave.做完必要的事情就走吧。三、 必背短语be similar to 类似于；与 .相似the same as 与.同样的bring out 拿出；推出as long as 只要be different from 禾口 不同care about 关心、在乎have fun 玩的开心enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事make sb. laugh 让某人笑in fact 事实上primary school 小学四、 经典句型1. -Is Tom smarter tha n Sam?-No, he isn t. Sam is smarter than Tom.2

10、. Are you as frien dly as your sister?3. -Does Tara work as hard as Tina?4.1 think a good friend makes me laugh.5. For me, a good friend likes to do the same things as me.心雄三点剖析一、考点：形容词和副词比较级的基本用法1. 大多数形容词和副词有比较级的变化，用来表示事物的等级差别。比较级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。2. 常见用法：1) .形容词和副词的比较级 +tha n2) .可修饰比较级的词(1) . a bit, a

11、 little, much, far, eve n, agreat deal, still 等。(2) .还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰词。3) . much/ many, old 禾口 far(1) . much 和 many 的比较级都是 more。后接名词时，much more+不可数名词，many more+可数名词复数。(2) . old 有两种比较级形式：older 和 elder。elder 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。(3) . far 有两种比较级形式：farther 和 further。farther 侧重表示距离更远，further 侧重表示程度更进一步。二、易错点：

12、1. both 与 allboth 指两者都”，both 与复数名词连用，但是bothan(可与单数名词连用all 指三者或三者以上都” a 修饰名词作主语或all 单独作主语时，谓语动词的数由all 所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。2. win 和 beat1) . win做及物动词，意为 赢得”，宾语是比赛、战争、奖品、金钱等名词。做不及物动词，意为获胜”。2) . beat做及物动词，意为 击败”，宾语是比赛或竞争的对手，即指人或团队的名词或代词。做不及物动词，意为殴打”，(风雨等)拍打，(心脏)跳动。3. smile 禾口 laugh1). smile 表示无声的微笑，指面部表情。题模

13、二：形容词和副词的比较级的用法例 1.2.1 Peter is 15 years old. He istha n his father.A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.the tallest例 1.2.2-Your father never shops online. Why that?but the products are not really good.随练 1.1 写出下列单词的比较级。(1) funny_(2) outgoing_(3) interesting_(4) hard-working_(5) slowly_ 随练 1.2 单词拼写(词汇运用)根据句意及汉语

14、提示写单词。(1) Voice of Chinais a singing_ (比赛)for all people.(2) Last year Zhang Bichen_(赢)Voice of 句意是 China.(3) _ (哪一个)woman is your mother?The one in a red hat.(4) Yesterday we had a_ (极好的)time in the park.(5) _ (虽然)he has much money, his life isnt happy.随练 1.3选词填空（词汇运用）根据短文内容。从方框中选择恰当的词语填空，有的需要变换形式b

15、oth, outgoing, make sb. laugh, be friendly to, say, get good grades, friend, as long as, primary school, care aboutAs an En glish_ goes, A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. I have a goodfriend called Dale. He_me a lot. We knew each other whe n we were in_ Dale is very funny a

16、nd2). laugh 指出声的笑，既有声音，又有表情。兀启题模精选题模一： both 与 all, win 与 beat, smile 与 laugh例 1.1.1-Which of the two subjects do you like, art or music?-_. They are really in teresti ng.A.NeitherB.BothC.No neD.All例 1.1.2 Lin gli ng and Betty are great._of them have bee n chose n to en ter the maths competitio n.A.N

17、oneB.NeitherC.AllD.Both-He says theyre muchA.nicerB.cheapC.niceD.cheaperhe ofte n_As for study, we are_ hard-work ing and like to lear n everyth ing n ew. He is better at allthe subjects and_ than I do. So he always tries his best （尽他最大的努力 ）to help me_I havedifficulties （困难）.We_ our teachers and cla

18、ssmates. I m a little bit shy in class, so its difficult for me tomake friends with others. But Dale is_ He has more Mends tha n me. He always tells me_ are veryimportant. Dale makes me understand （理解）that life without friendship is like the sky without the sun.随练 1.4 A journey by train is_ tha n by

19、 coach.A.more relaxi ngB.relax ingC.most relaxi ngD.the most relax ing随练 1.5-I think it necessary to learn how to work in groups.-I quite agree. Sometimes it even_ than grades.A.l ess importa ntB.more importa ntC.the least importa ntD.the most importa nt随练 1.6-Who will you ask to help with the work,

20、 Lucy or Lily?-Lily. She is much_A.carefulC.carefuller随练 1.7 Mr. Black memory is gett ing_ . As a result, he ofte n leaves his keys at home.A.olderB.poorerC.greaterD.better随练 1.8-Play ing video games is a waste of time-1 can agree more. There are_meanin gful things to do.A.the mostB.the leastC.moreD

21、.l ess随练 1.9 用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. I read the most books in our class. No one read_（ma ny） books tha n I.2. more and more people have their own cars. That why theres_ （heavy） traffic than before.3. Tom is much_ （quiet） tha n his friend.4. Joh n is as_ （careful） as his brother Jack.5. His_ brother is three

22、 years_tha n he. （old）拓展 1 根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。1. _ （两个都）my mother and my father like watching the movie Lost inTailand.2. Louder, please! I can hear you_（清楚地）.3. Tony was very_（勤奋的）and he did well in Chinese.B.more carefulD.most careful4. Mary is an_（夕卜向的）girl. She always gets on well with others.5. _ （哪

23、一个）skirt do you like better, the white one or the blue one?拓展 2 根据句意和首字母提示，完成句中所缺单词1We should brush our_ (tooth) every day.2一 What s Jane doing? She s b_ her sister.3What is she doi ng for v_ ?4一 How do you come to school? I usually ride a b_ to school.5I want to s_an e-mail to my aunt.拓展 3 从方框内选词并用

24、其适当形式填空。laugh, hard,liste n,I,tale nt(1) Molly studies_ tha n the other stude nts in our class.(2) Mr. Zhang is very funny and he ofte n makes us_.(3) Little Tom n ever speaks loudly and he is a good_ .(4) Her pen is differe nt from_ .(5) Edis on was_ in scie nee.拓展 4 根据短文内容及括号内所给单词的提示填空Ali and Haml

25、et are twin brothers. They both have short curly hair, but Ali looks_ (str ong) because heplays soccer every day and he can run much_ (fast). Ali is quiet, and Hamlet is a little_ (outgo ing)and he likes telli ng jokes. Ali likes livi ng in the city very much He thi nks livi ng in the city is_ (in t

26、eresti ng)than livi ng in the coun tryside. Hamlet likes the coun tryside, because its_(beautiful) there in his eyes. Aliis as_ (hard-work ing) as Hamlet, but Hamlet always gets_(good) grades tha n Ali.拓展 5 补全对话根据对话内容，从方框中选择恰当的选项补全对话，其中有两项多余。A . Oh, thats fun.B.Well, its a great idea.C.What are you

27、doing?D.We talk about our lives.E.You can eat both meals together.F.They help me with my problems.G. How ofte n do you visit your frien ds?A: Hey, Linda. I m not work ing today.B: Oh._A: r m having brunch ( 早午餐)with some friends.B:_ Brunch is a great meal.A: Its part (部分的)breakfast.B: And part lun c

28、h!_A: Yeah, youre right. I meet my friends for brunch every mon th.B: What do you talk about at brunch?A: Well, we usually just catch up on ( 了解)each others news._B: Thats ni ce. Its good to share with frien ds.A: Yes. I enjoy spe nding time with my frien ds._B: Its importa nt to have good frien ds.A: Yes. And its always nice to have