最新职称英语考试真题(文字完整版)：理工C

1、职称英语考试真题 (文字完整版 )：理工 C第一部分：词汇选项1 、 The weather last summer was awful. A badB fair C dry D hot2 、 The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison.A message B guiltC obligation D punishment3 、 My piano playing has improved significantly since I had a new teacher.A definitely B generally C cer

2、tainly D greatly4 、 There is a need for radical changes in education.A revolutionary B long-termC short-term D systematic5、 It frustrates me that I m not able to put any of my ideas into practice.A discouragesB showsC surprises D frightens6 、 I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present.

3、A limit B fearC power D fool7 、 He tried to assemble his thoughts. A gatherB clear C share D spare8.I am going as a favor to Ann because I have to.A.partner B.drive C.guide D.help9 、 The doctors did not reveal the truth to him.A hideB handle C disclose D establish10 、 Railways are the most important

4、 mode of transport for the economy.A way B factorC objective D source11 、 He said some harsh words about his brother.A proper B unkind C normal D unclear12 、 Under the terms of the contract, you must give 3 months notice before youleave.A subjectsB expressions C wordsD rules13、 Don t tempt thieves b

5、y leaving valuables clearly visible. A alarmB catch C spot D attract14 、 1. When did you first encounter these difficulties?A create B presentC experienceD resolve15 、 We need to identify the potential problems. A possibleB mainC immediate D common第二部分：阅读判断ADHD Linked to Air PollutantsChildren have

6、an increased risk of attention problems， seen as early as grade school , if their moms inhaled( 吸 入 )a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. That tshe finding of a new study. Released when things aren bturnedcompletely, this pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or

7、 PAHs. The biggest sources of these PAHs: the burning of fossil fuels, wood and trash.Frederica Perera works at Columbia University s Mailman SchHoeoal lothf Publi in New York City. She researches how exposure to things in the environment affects childrenhesalth. In a new study , she and her team st

8、udied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew(排放 ) PAHs into the air and lungs, Perera tesam focused on nonsmokers. The researchers wanted to probe( 探 查 ) other sources of PAHs, ones that would have been hard for an individual

9、 to avoid.The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy. The reason: Any PAHs in a woman s blood would also be available to the baby in her womb. Nine years later, the researchers investigated signs of attention problems in these children, now age 9. They asked each childmsoth

10、er a series of questions. These includedwhether her child had problems doing things that needed sustained( 长 期 的 ) mental effort, such as homework or games with friends. The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made frequent, careless mistakes. All of these canbe s

11、ymptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD. About one in 10 U.S. children has ADHD.Among the women studied, traffic and home heating were the primary sources ofair pollution exposure, Perera and her team suspect. Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their

12、 blood. Others had high levels. Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9. The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE.16. Perera and her team chose nonsmoking pregnant women all over AmericaA. RightB. WrongC. Not

13、mentioned17. The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHs played a role in harming the subjects physical health.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect of smoking on PAHs was unclear.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. The bloo

14、d of each women was tested once a month during pregnancy.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Kids with ADHD commonly fail in school.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely to have kids with ADHDA. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. Traffic

15、 and home heating were considered to be the biggest sources of PAHs for the subjects in the research.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第三部分：概况大意与完成句子New research lights the way to super-fast computers1) Newresearch published today inthe journal Nature Communications, has demonstrated how glass can be

16、manipulated to create a material that willallow computers to transfer information using light. This development could significantly increase computer processing speeds and power in the future.2) The research by the University of Surrey, in collaboration with the University of Cambridge and the Unive

17、rsity of Southampton, has found it is possible to change the electronic properties of amorphous chalcogenides, a glass material integral to data technologies such as CDs and DVDs. By using a technique called ion doping, the team ofresearchers have discovered a material that could use lightto bring t

18、ogether different computing functions into one component, leading to all-optical systems.3) Computerscurrentlyuseelectronstotransferinformationandprocess applications. On the other hand, data sources such as the internet rely on optical systems; the transfer of informationusing light.Opticalfibres a

19、re used to send information around the world at the speed of light, butthese signals then have to be converted to electrical signalsonce they reach a computer, causing a significant slowdown in processing.4) ” The challenge is to find a single material that can effectively use and controllight to ca

20、rry information around a computer. Much like how the web uses light to deliver information, we want to use light to both deliver and process computer data, said project leader, Dr Richard Curry of the University of Surrey.5) ” This has eluded researchers for decades, but nowwe have now shown how awi

21、dely used glass can be manipulated to conduct negative electrons, as well as positivecharges, creating what are known as p-njunctiondevices. This should enable thematerial to act as a light source, a light guide and a light detector - something that can carry and interpret optical information. In do

22、ing so, this could transform the computers of tomorrow, allowing them to effectively process information at much faster speeds.6) The researchers expect that the results of this research will be integrated into computers within ten years. In the short term, the glass is already being developed andus

23、ed in next-generation computer memory technology known as CRAM, which may ultimately be integrated with the advances reported.概括大意：23【题干】 Paragraph 2 A.Expectation of the discovery B.the problem of current computersC.A new findingD. The purpose of the researchE. Public reaction to the discoveryF. Th

24、e use of the new material 24【题干】 Paragraph 3 A.Expectation of the discovery B.the problem of current computersC.A new findingD. The purpose of the researchE. Public reaction to the discoveryF. The use of the new material 25【题干】 Paragraph 4 A.Expectation of the discovery B.the problem of current comp

25、utersC.A new findingD. The purpose of the researchE. Public reaction to the discoveryF. The use of the new material 26【题干】 Paragraph 5 A.Expectation of the discovery B.the problem of current computersC.A new findingD. The purpose of the researchE. Public reaction to the discoveryF. The use of the ne

26、w material完成句子：27.【题干】 The result of the research can help computers to increase A.optical informationB.processing speeds C.electrons D.positive chargesE.data technologies F.all-optical systems 28.【题干】 Current computers transfer information using 【选项】A. optical informationB. processing speeds C.elec

27、trons D.positive chargesE.data technologies F.all-optical systems 29.【 题 干 】 The new glass material makes it possible to fulfill different computingfunction A.optical information B.processing speeds C.electrons D.positive chargesE.data technologiesF.all-optical systems 30.【题干】 Glass is used in the r

28、esearch to carry and process A.optical information B.processing speeds C.electrons D.positive chargesE.data technologies F.all-optical systems第四部分：阅读理解Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?When people argue about whether coffee is good forhealth, they ruesually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is

29、it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health ofthe human population in other ways, too.Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy( 树 冠 )of taller indigenous(土生土长的 )trees. However, more and more farmers in La

30、tin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren t any trees. With increased production come increased profits.Unfortunately,deforestingforcoffeeproductionimmediatelydecreases local-wildlifehabi

31、tat. Native birds nest and hide from predators(捕食者 )in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticidesare needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides killinsects

32、 that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow morecoffee bushes in the shade.

33、 We can support these farmers by buying coffee with suchlabels as “ shadegrown ”and “ birdfriendly.Su”re, these varieties might cost a littlemore. But we re paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think it s worth it.31. 【题干】 What is the main idea of this passage?

34、文章的主旨是A. Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.农民正改变他们种咖啡的方式B. Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce. 种植咖啡越来越贵C. Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee. 蔽光生长的咖啡比向光生长的咖啡贵D. People should buy shade-grown coffee. 人们应该买蔽光生长的咖啡32. 【题干】 The functionof the word“ Traditional

35、ly show. 段落 2 中的 traditionally作用是来显示A. the positive effects of coffee.咖啡的积极作用B.a change of coffee growth. 咖啡种植的变化C.something that is the most important. 最重要的事情D.how coffee production used to be. 咖啡生产过去如何in ”Paragraph 2 is to33. 【题干】 What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about?【选项】阳

36、光充足的咖啡增加的产量带来什么? A.More insects.更多的昆虫B. Better quality coffee. 质量更好的咖啡C. Larger farms. 更大的农场D.Higher profits.更高利润34. 【题干】 How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?【选项】农民如何找更多的土地来种植阳光充足的咖啡A. They buy more land from other farmers.B. They cut down trees.C. They move to another country.

37、D. They turn grassland into farmland.35. 【题干】 The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPTfull sun方式可能影响以下 .A.insects.昆虫B.air.空气C.brids.鸟D.humans 人类阅读理解第二篇：Soot(煤烟灰 )and Snow: a Hot CombinationNew reasearch from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot after the way sunlight reflects

38、off snow. According to a computer simulation, black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century.Soot in the higher latitudes( 维度 )of the Earth, where ice is more common, absorbsmore of the sun senergy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark -colored

39、 black carbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight.Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change. Also, if snow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increase, as the sootbecomes more concentrated on the snow surface

40、.” This provides a positive feedglaciers and ice sheets melt, they tend to get even dirtier.” said Dr. J researcher at NASA s Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York.Hansen found soot s effect on snow albedo(反照率 ), which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisp

41、here, such as thinninbg Arctic sea ice and melting glaciers permafrost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes inthe atmosphere above the oceans and land.“ Blackcarbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heading the snow surface more than if there were no bl

42、ack carbon,Soot inscreased absorption of solar energy is especially effecntive i n warming theworld cslimate.T”his forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much globalwarming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude.” Hansen noted.Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in alter

43、ing global climate is substantial, it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century. Such gases are expected to bi the largest climate forcing for the rest of the century.The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Herm

44、isphere waslarge in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations werecoherent with the researchers climate model situations, which showed some of thelargest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight.36. 【题干】 Which of the following sta

45、tements of soot is NOT true?A. It absorbs sun s heat.B. It is responsible for climate change.C. It reflects sunlight.D. It may account for a quarter of global warming over the past century.37. 【题干】 Which of the following areas shows a greater warming effect? A.Ice sea areas.B. Areas with black carbo

46、n.C. Areas covered with white snow.D. Melting glaciers.38. 【题干】 ” This forcing” in Paragraph 5 roe?fers t A.sun s heating on snow surface.B.soot s increased absorption of solar energy. C.carbon-dioxide s warming effect.D.snow s increased reflection of sunlight.39. 【题干】 What is the main cause of clim

47、ate warming during the past century? A.Soot.B.Snow.C.Greenhouse gases.D.Wind.40【.题干】The largest warming effects happened in the Northern Hemisphere withA.X sea ice and insufficient sunlight.B. light snow cover and sufficient sunlight.C. heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight.D. thick sea ice and i

48、nsufficient sunlight.第三篇 A record-breaking power A Record-Breaking RoverNASA s Mars rover Opportunity has boldly gone where no rover has gone before at least in terms of distance. Since arriving on the Red Planet in 2004, Opportunity has traveled 25.01 miles, more than any other wheeled vehicle has

49、onanotherworld.On July 27, after years of moving about on Martian ground, the golf-cart-sized Opportunity had driven more than 24 miles, beating the previous record holder a Soviet rover sent to the moon in 1973.“ Thisis so remarkable considering Opportunity was intended to drive about 1kilometerand

50、 was never designed fordistance,s”ays John Callas,theMarsExploration Rover Project Manager.He works at NASA s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena,California. “ But what is really importantly is not how many miles the rover has racked up, but how much exploration and discovery we have accomplished

51、over that distance.OPPORTUNITYThe solar-powered Opportunity and its twin rover, Spirit, landed on Mars 10 years ago on a mission expected to last 3 months. The objective of the rovers was to help scientists learn more about the planet and to search for signs of life ， such as the possible presence o

52、f water.Spirit stopped communicating with Earth in March 2010, a few months after it got stuck in a sand pit. But Opportunity has continued to collect and analyze Martian soil and rocks.Duringits mission, Opportunityhas captured, and sent back to Earth, some187,000 panoramic and microscopic images o

53、f Mars with its cameras. It has also provided scientists with data on the planet s atmosphere, soil, rocks, and terrain.MARATHON ROVERThe rover doesnt seem to be ready to stop just yet. If Opportunity can continue on, it willreach another major investigationsite when its odometer hits 26.2 miles.Sci

54、entists call this site Marathon Valley, because when the roverreaches the area, it will have traveled the same distance as the length of a marathon since its arrival on Mars.Researchers believe that clay minerals exposed near Marathon Valley could hold clues to Marss ancient environment1. Opportunit

55、ys continuing travels will also help researchers as they plan for an eventual human mission to the Red Planet.41. 【题干】 Opprotunity is a record breaking rover in the sense of.【选项】A. how long is has stayed in spaceB. how far it has traveldC. how much investment it has involvedD. how many facilities it

56、 has been equipped with【答案】 B【解析】42. 【题干】 What does John Callas say about Opportunitys long distance travel?【选项】A. It hasn t met scientists expectation yetB. It hasnt been appreciated appropriatelyC. It is secondary to what has been discoveredD. It is what scientists have been aiming at【答案】 D【解析】43. 【题干】 One of the objectives of sending Opportunity and Spirit is to.【选项】A. collect soil and send back to EarthB. develop multinational space explorationC. test how well solar