英语必修12345知识全面整理

1、目录必修一unit1unit2unit3unit4unit5必修二unit1unit2unit3unit4unit5必修三unit1unit2unit3unit4unit5必修四unit1unit2unit3unit4unit5必修五unit1unit2unit3unit4unit5必修一知识整理1. addvt.& vi. 增加；加；加起来；补充说； 又说常用结构：add to增添；增加；增进 add .to .把增添到add up合计，相加add up to总数为；总计为2. upsetadj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt. ( upset, upset) 使不安；使心烦；打翻

2、；打乱联想拓展be upset by.被 打乱upset oneself about sth.为某事烦恼3. ignorevt. 不理睬；忽视I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely.我向她打招呼，可是她根本不理我。 He ignored the speed limit and drove very fast.他不顾时速限制，把车开得飞快。联想拓展ignorant adj. (对某事物）不了解的；无知的；无学识的be ignorant of/about sth.不知道；没有意识到ignorance n.无知；愚昧；不知道be in i

3、gnorance of/about sth. 不知道某事 易混辨析ignore/neglect/overlook ignore 通常指有意不顾，或不理会显而易见的事物。neglect 侧重指有意的忽略或忽视，也可指粗心与疏忽。overlook指因匆忙而疏忽或视而不见。4. concernn. U关心，担心，担忧；C有利害关系的事 vt. 涉及，关系到，参与；使担心联想拓展concerning prep. 关于concerned adj.有关的；担心的concern sb.与某人有关be concerned with sth.牵涉，与有关；参与concern oneself with 关心be

4、concerned about/for/over sth.担心；关心某事as/so far as . be concerned关于；至于；就而言5. settlevi. 安家；定居；停留vt. 使定居；安排；解决Both wanted to settle their scores.双方都愿意尽弃前嫌。常用结构：settle down 镇定下来settle in 在定居6. suffervt. 遭受；忍受；蒙受vi.后接from/for意为“受之苦”，“患疾病”常用结构：suffer an attack/a defeat/losses/pains遭受打击/失败/损失/痛苦He suffered

5、hard pains from the accident.他忍受着事故带来的痛苦。Do you suffer from headaches? 你经常头痛吗? Shes suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遗忘症。联想拓展sufferer n. 受苦者，受难者suffering n.痛苦，苦难 联想拓展go after追求；追赶go ahead 前进；请说（做）吧go by走过；（时间）过去go along with向前；（与.)一起去go in for爱好；从事go out 外出；（灯，火）熄灭go over 越过；复习go through with 做完；完成

6、go up 爬上；（价格等）上升8. get sth.done让别人做某事/使得某事被做done是过去分词作宾语补足语，与have sth. done句型的用法一样。get sb./sth. doing使某人/某事物起来get sb. to do sth.使/让某人做某事get done （状态的改变）get作系动词，相当于beget away逃脱；离开get back回来；取回get by维持生活；通过get down to sth./doing sth.开始认真做某事get in进站；到达；收集get off下来；下车get on上车；进展；进步get cross(对)生气，发脾气get

7、in ones way挡路，妨碍get used to doing sth.习惯做某事get involved in涉及get in touch with和取得了解get it了解，懂得，明白 9. set down放下；记下；登记Passengers may be set down and picked up only at the official stops.乘客只有在正式车站方可上下车。set about (doing sth.) 着手（做某事）set out (to do sth.)开始，着手(做某事)set aside留出；不顾set back（把钟等）往回拨；推迟set free

8、释放；解放set off动身，出发（去某地）；使爆炸set out动身，出发；安排，组织set up开办；建立；设立set an example to树立榜样set fire to .= set . on fire纵火烧be set in以为背景 10. on purpose故意The boy broke Jacks window on purpose. He wanted to frighten Jack.那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的，他想吓一下杰克。联想拓展purpose n. 目的，用途；目标；重要意义for the purpose of 为了to little/no purpose

9、作用不大/徒劳11. join in 参加；加入They didnt have enough time to join in the activity.他们没有足够的时间来参加这个活动。联想拓展join sb. in sth.与某人一起做某事join up入伍；参军join up with sb.与某人联合；会合join hands with sb.与某人拉起手来；合伙；联合Will you join me in a walk? 你愿意和我一起散步吗？Let us join hands in friendship.让我们携手共建友谊吧。易混辨析join in/join/take part in

10、/attendjoin in 参加正在进行着的活动。如游戏、讨论、辩论、谈话等。join 参加某组织或团体，并成为其中一员;来和某人待在一起。take part in 参加会议或有组织的群众性活动，并在其中发挥一定的作用。attend 正式用语，指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、上课、上学、听报告等，句子的主语是去听去看，自己不一定起积极作用，相当于be present。重点句型12. .but your friend cant go until he/she finishes cleaning his/her bicycle.但是你的朋友不把自行车弄干净不能走。not . until 意为“直到

11、才”，表示主句谓语的动作直到until状语的时间才发生，主句的谓语动词表示的是动作的开始。until引导从句时，如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动作，则主句用肯定式；如果主句中的谓语动词是短暂性动词，则用否定形式。“It is/was not until+被强调的部分+that .”相当于“Not until . did (does, do, is .)+主语 .”意为“直到才”，是强调形式。13. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 遛狗的时候，你太大意了，一松手，狗就被车

12、撞了。while walking the dog是连词while加现在分词短语结构，强调分词的动作正在发生，相当于while you were walking the dog。在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致，谓语含有系动词be，可以省略从句的主语和系动词be。 When crossing the street, you should be careful.过马路时，你应当小心。If heated, water can be turned into vapour.如果受热，水会变成蒸气。温馨提示在状语从句中，如果从句的主语为it时，也可以将it和助动词be省

13、略。Whenever possible they would stop him and ask the three questions.可能的话，他们就让他停下问他这三个问题。14. I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。此句中的its .that是强调句型。关于强调句型，我们需要掌握以下几点

14、：1）强调句型的基本结构：“It is/was+被强调的成分+that/who+其他成分”用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成分。that只起连接作用，不作成分，但不能省略。当被强调部分为sb.作宾语时，可用who,也可用that,其他情况一律用that。强调主语时，that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语在人称与数上保持一致。（2）特殊句式中的强调句型：如果强调的是特殊疑问句中的疑问词，表示“到底”、“究竟”等语气时，就用如下结构：“特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that/who+该句的其余部分”，that/who后只能使用陈述语序。在“not .until”结构中，由until所引导的短语（或从句

15、）作时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：“It+is/was+not until .+that+该句的其余部分”，that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。（3）强调句型要注意和it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。判断是否是强调句，可采用“还原法”。如果还原为一般句式后，句子各种成分完整，则是强调句，否则不是。It was three oclock when I got home.我到家的时候三点。It was at three oclock that I got home.三点钟我到的家。It was in his town that he was br

16、ought up.他是在镇上被养大的。（强调句）It was this town where/in which he was brought up.这是他被抚养长大的城镇。（定语从句）（4）英语中常用助动词do, does或did强调谓语。He did go to the airport yesterday, but he didnt find you. 他昨天确实去了机场，但他没有找到你。It is I that/who am going for a holiday with Mary.是我跟玛丽一块儿去度假。When is it that we will have a meeting?我们

17、什么时候开会？高手过招单项填空It is in that poor village, Mary lived and worked 15 years ago, she will build her first school, which inspires everyone to help her.（原创）A. where; when B. that; thatC. that; when D. where; that解析：选D。句意为：就是在那个她生活和工作了15年的贫穷的村庄，玛丽将要建起她的第一座学校，这一点鼓舞了人们来帮她。第一空为where引导的非限制性定语从句，第二空填that,构成强调

18、句型，强调地点状语。 15. I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do .我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账as引导的从句为比较状语从句，意为“像大多数人那么做”。as 用作连词，可引导下列状语从句：引导时间状语从句，强调主句谓语与从句谓语的同时性；引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然，即使”（从句需倒装）；引导方式状语从句，表示“以方式”；引导原因状语从句 (=since; because)，意为“由于，因为”；引导比较状语从句。As he grew older he lost in

19、terest in everything except gardening.随着他年纪越来越大，他失去了对所有事物的兴趣，除了园艺。Cold as it is, my brother wears only a shirt.尽管天气冷，我哥哥只穿了一件衬衫。Why didn't you take the medicine as I told you to?为什么你没有按我说的来服这种药？As you were not there, I left a message.因为当时你不在那，所以我给你留了便条。She is as tall as you. 她和你一样高。高手过招单项填空 as h

20、e is, he speaks English well. （2010·山西太原一中月考）A. Little child B. A little childC. The little child D. Child littleIn some countries, are called “public schools” are not owned by the public.（2010·11·江西新余一中质量检测）A. which B. as C. what D. that解析：选B。 在让步状语从句中，作表语的名词如果提前，该名词常省去冠词，但若名词前有修饰语时，

21、就不省略冠词。解析：选C。考查what引导的主语从句。what在主语从句中作主语。句意为：在许多国家，所谓的公立学校并非公众拥有。16. .it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face .这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚如果前面是“it (will be)is/this (will be)is/that (will be)is+the first/second time that .”句式，表示“某人第几次做某事”。其中,that引导的是定语从句，后面句子的时态用现在完成时；

22、如果前面是it (would be)was ., 后面则用过去完成时。It is the first time that I have come to Zhuhai. 这是我第一次来珠海。It was the second time that she had visited London.那是她第二次游览伦敦。温馨提示如果time前有last修饰，此时我们一般不用完成时态。注意：the first time可起从属连词的作用，引导时间状语从句；for the first time意为“第一次”单独用作状语。This is the last time that I shall give you

23、a lesson.这是我最后一次给你们上课了。 核心单词1. commandn. & vt. 命令；指令；掌握The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名军官命令士兵们开火。A general is a man who commands a large number of soldiers.将军是统率众多士兵的人。常用结构：at/ by sbs command 听某人支配take command of 控制in command of 指挥着under ones command 由某人的指挥under the command of sb.

24、在某人的指挥下 command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事command (=order) that . 命令（从句用虚拟语气，即should+ do 形式，should可省略）联想拓展commander n. 指挥官 高手过招用适当的介词填空（原创）For the first time in years, she felt she was command of her life.The army is the kings direct command.The police arrived and took command the situationin under/at/b

25、y of2. requestvt.&n. 请求；恳求；要求常用结构：request sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事request sth. from/of sb. 向某人要求某物request that sb. (should) do sth.要求某人做某事make a request/requests 发出请求at the request of sb.at sb.s request依照某人的请求易混辨析 request/demand/requirerequest表示“有礼貌的请求；正式的请求”。demand表示“有正当权利的要求”，因此含有“坚决或强烈要求”的意思。req

26、uire表示“要求所必须的东西；法律、协定、规章以及其他客观情况的要求”。但它们也有不同之处：require和request都可以接宾语+to do sth.结构，而demand没有此种用法。但可以说demand of sb. to do sth.require+动名词时，主动形式的动名词具有被动意义，而demand，request无此种用法。They are demanding higher wages. 他们要求提高工资。 Do you require anything else? 你还要求（需要）别的吗？ Many people have requested this next song

27、.许多人要求听下面这首歌。They required me to keep silent. 他们要求我保持沉默。The letter requested us to leave the house within six weeks. 这封信要求我们六周内搬出这所房子。温馨提示以上三个词的共同点是：从语法上看，request和demand，require都可以接that引导的宾语从句，并且在从句中要使用虚拟语气。 3. recognizevt. 辨认出；承认；公认常用结构：recognize sb. 认出某人recognize ones voice听出某人的声音recognize . as .

28、认定；承认为recognize sb./sth. . to be .认为某人/某事物是recognize that .承认When he walked out of the station, I recognized him immediately. 当他从车站里走出来时，我立刻认出了他。Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承认他为合法继承人。4. directionn. C 方向；方面;U指导；指挥常用结构：in the direction of 朝的方向(=towards)in sbs d

29、irection 朝某人的方向(=towards sb.)under ones direction 在指导下(=under the direction of sb.)5. more than one意为“不止一个”，虽然在意义上表示复数，但作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数，与many a(许多)用法一样；如果more修饰复数可数名词再跟than one作主语时，其谓语动词则要用复数。More than one member has protested against the proposal. 不止一个成员反对这个建议。More than one person has been concer

30、ned in this.这里面涉及的不仅是一个人。More persons than one have been involved.涉及的不仅仅是一个人。联想拓展“more than+ adj.”意为“很；非常”。在“more . than .”中，肯定“more”后面的，而否定“than”后面的，意为“是而不是”或者“与其不如”。“more than . can/could”是英语里的一个常见结构，可把more than理解为not,表示否定，该结构意为“非所能；是所不能；不是所能”。more often than not 经常；往往In doing scientific experimen

31、ts, one must be more than careful with the instruments. 做科学实验时，对待仪器必须非常小心才行。If you tell your father what you have done, he will be more than a little angry. 如果你把所做的事情告诉你父亲，他会非常生气的。Catherine is more diligent than intelligent.与其说凯瑟琳聪明，不如说她勤奋。 高手过招完成句子（原创）当我的老朋友布莱恩怂恿我抽一支烟时，我可再也熬不住了。When my old friend B

32、rian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was .可能的解释不止一个。more than I could bearmore than one possible explanation 6. because of因为；由于是介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动名词及what从句。She got hurt because of what youd said.她因为你的话而受到伤害。due to 意为“由于”常作表语，也作后置定语和状语。thanks to意为“多亏；由于”只作状语。owing to意为“由于”常作状语。as a result of意为“由于”作状语。

33、易混辨析 because/as/since/forbecause表示直接原因，语气最强。回答why提出的问题只能用because。在强调句型中，也只能用because。as用于解释做某事的原因，语气较弱，通常位于主句前。since表示的原因是指人们已知的事实，常意为“既然”。语气比because弱，但比as强。通常位于主句前，并常与as换用。for并列连词，连接并列分句，表示一种补充说明，是推测或判断的理由，语气较弱，不可位于主句前。有时可表示直接原因，相当于because。 7. come up走近；上来；提出联想拓展come true 变成现实，成为现实come across 邂逅come

34、 about 发生come at 向扑来,攻击come from 来自come out 出版;开花；结果是come up with 想出come round 绕道而来；苏醒come down 落下,塌下come over 从远处）来到；横过come into use 开始使用how come .?(表示理解)怎么回事？8. such as 例如；像这样的易混辨析 such as/for example/that is/and so onsuch as用来列举事物。通常插在被举例的带有解释性质的事物与前面的需要进行解释的名词之间，意为“比如；诸如之类的”，可与 like 互换，as 后不能有逗号

35、。for example同for instance一样起到补充说明的作用，表明在众多的内容中仅取一两个例子，可放在举例之前或之后，意为“例如，举个例子”。that is 是后面列举的事物的总量等于它前面所提到的总和，相当于namely。也用that is to say。and so on 对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用and so on进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出。Boys like to play balls, such as football and basketball.男孩子喜欢打球，比如足球和篮球。Some students, Li Jun, for exam

36、ple, live in the country. 有些学生，如李军，住在农村。I have three good friends, that is, John, Jack and Tom.我有三个好朋友，即约翰、杰克和汤姆。There are some books, pens, erasers and so on in my bag.我的书包里有书、笔、橡皮等。 9. play a part (in)扮演一个角色；参与She plays an active part in local politics.她积极参与地方政治活动。She played a major part in the su

37、ccess of the scheme.她对该计划的成功起了重要作用联想拓展take part (in sth.)参加, 参与（某事）the best part of sth.（某事物的）绝大部分（尤指一段时间）for the most part整体上; 通常; 多半for my part就我来说重点句型10. Which country do you think has the most English learners? 你觉得学英语最多的是哪个国家？do you think/believe/expect/find/know/suppose 作为插入语，放在特殊疑问词后，其他内容紧跟其后并

38、用陈述语序。 What time do you expect we will come and pick you up？你希望我们几点来接你？What do you suppose he will do after he hears about the good news？你认为他听到那个好消息后会做什么呢？Why do you think their team could win the football match?你认为他们队为什么能赢得那场足球赛呢？11. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. 信不

39、信由你，（世界上）没有什么标准英语。(1)believe it or not在句中用作插入语，意为“信不信由你；我说的是真的”。联想拓展常用作插入语的还有：generally speaking一般来说frankly speaking坦白地说judging from .从来判断to tell you the truth说真的；老实说to be honest说实在的to make matters worse更糟糕的是联想拓展no such.as没有这样的such as例如such.as.像这样的such.that.这样以至于易混辨析 such . that . /such . as .在such

40、. that .结构中，that是从属连词，引导结果状语从句，在从句中不作成分。在such . as .结构中，as是关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句中常作宾语。He is reading such a book as you borrowed from the library last week. 他在读的书和你上周从图书馆借来的一样。（ as是关系代词，引导定语从句）He is reading such an interesting book that I want to borrow it. 他在读的书这么有趣，我想借来读读。（that引导结果状语从句） 核心单词1. persuadevt

41、.说服；劝服；使相信(同convince)常用结构：persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事persuade sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不要做某事persuade sb. that-clause 使某人相信联想拓展talk sb. into/out of doing sth.=reason sb. into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事trick sb. into/out of doing st

42、h. 诱使某人做/不做某事urge sb. into/out of doing sth. 怂恿某人做/不做某事 advise/persuadeadvise 强调“劝告，建议”的动作，不注重结果；而persuade强调“已经说服”，重在结果。用法上：advise可跟v.-ing形式作宾语，也可以接that-clause （that sb. should do）,而persuade则不能。2. determine vt. (使)决定,决心要;确定常用结构：determine + n. / pron.决(确)定determine to do sth.决定做某事 (表示动作，是非延续性动词短语)det

43、ermine onupon .决定determine thatwhat .决定determine sbto do sth.使某人决定做某事determine sb. against sth.使某人决定不做某事be determined to do sth.决心做某事 (表示状态，可与表示时间段的状语连用)We determine to go to the railway station at once.3. insist v. 坚持；坚决要求You can come back later, if you insist.如果你一定要坚持，就稍后再来吧。常用结构：insist on/upon st

44、h./(sbs) doing sth.坚持某事/要求（某人）做某事insist that .(should)坚持I still insist on my viewpoint. 我仍然坚持我的观点。He insisted on paying for the meal. 他坚持要付饭钱。Mother insisted on our washing the clothes by ourselves. 妈妈坚决要求我们自己洗衣服。温馨提示insist当“坚决要求”解时，后面的从句应用虚拟语气，即谓语部分用“should+动词原形”或直接用动词原形；如果insist当“坚持（认为；说）”解时，后面的从句

45、不用虚拟语气。 4. once用法较多，意思也比较丰富，既可以用作连词，也可以用作副词。once用作连词时，意为“一旦就”，连接时间状语从句，相当于as soon as。once用作副词时，意为“曾经；一度；从前”。它是一个不确定的时间副词，其位置一般是在行为动词之前，系动词之后。once用作副词，也可意为“一次”。联想拓展at once 立刻；马上once again再一次；又一次（相当于once more）all at once突然（相当于suddenly)once upon a time很早以前；从前once in a while偶尔；间或once/as soon asonce偏重于条件

46、，而as soon as偏重于时间。5. view n. 风景；视野；观点；见解 vt. 观看；注视；考虑联想拓展in ones view 在某人看来come into view 进入视野，看得见in full view (of sb./sth.) 完全看得见in view of sth. 鉴于，考虑到，由于with a view to sth.to doing sth.为了，指望重点短语6. care about关心；担心；在乎；喜欢I really care about my work. 我真的关心我的工作。联想拓展care for 喜爱；照顾；重视 take care 当心take ca

47、re of 照料; 关怀; 处理under the care of由管理, 在的照料下, 在的保护下with care 小心, 慎重She doesnt care for that colour她不喜欢那种颜色。 He spent years caring for his sick mother他数年里一直在照顾生病的母亲。I do care for what my teacher says.我的确尊重老师说的话。7. change ones mind改变主意Maybe youll change your mind after thinking it over. 也许你仔细考虑之后会改变主意。

48、联想拓展make up ones mind (to do) 下定决心（做某事）have a/no mind to do 有/无意做lose ones mind 失去理智read ones mind 看出某人的心思speak ones mind 直言不讳be of the same mind 意见一致be in/of two minds 拿不定主意give ones mind to 注意keep ones mind on 专心于take ones mind off sth. 转移某人的注意bear/keep sth. in mind 记住某事bring/call sth. to mind 回忆某

49、事put ones mind to sth. 全神贯注于某事I have made up my mind to leave, and nothing you say will change it. 我已经下定决心要离开，不管你说什么我都不会改变主意了。8. give in 屈服，让步，投降；上交联想拓展give in (to sb./sth.) 向让步give up sth./doing 放弃（做）某事 give away 赠送；泄露 give back 归还；恢复give off 放出，散发(光、热、烟、气味等)give out分配；分发；发布；（食物，燃料，电力等）被用光；筋疲力尽Seei

50、ng that he could not persuade me, he had to give in (to my view). 由于无法说服我，他不得不让步。重点句型9. Which kind of transport do you prefer to use: bus or train? 汽车和火车，你更喜欢使用哪种交通方式？prefer to do (rather than do) 意为“宁可；宁愿（表选择）”或者“更喜欢做某事”。 其本身带有like better的含义，所以不能再与表示程度的better或more连用。联想拓展prefer sth. 喜欢某事/物prefer doi

51、ng sth. 更喜欢做某事prefer+to do sth. （表示特定场合下）更喜欢做某事prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事prefer A to B/prefer doing A to doing B宁愿而不愿prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A而不愿做Bprefer + that-clause (虚拟语气)+(should) +do喜欢做某事Do you prefer cooking for yourself or eating in a restaurant? 你是喜欢自己做饭还是下馆子？ Their father pref

52、ers them to be home early. 他们的父亲宁愿他们早点回家。 I prefer writing a term paper to taking an examination. 我宁愿写一篇学术论文也不愿参加考试。He preferred to die rather than become a traitor. 他宁死也不做叛徒。Would you prefer that I（should）come on Monday instead of on Tuesday? 你宁愿让我星期一来而不是星期二来吗？ 10. When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience. 当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸困难，而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。“.the air would be hard to breathe .”是“主语+系动词+形容词+不定式”结构，其中不定式的谓语与主语在意义上是动宾关系，但要用主动形式表示被动意义，不定式后面如果是不及物动词要在其后加适当的介词与主语构成动宾关系。这一类的形容词通常可以描绘主语的情绪、态度、品质属性或者