最新高中英语必修三--课文详解Book-3--unit-1

1、精品文档精品文档必修三 Unit 1 Festivals around the World世界各地的节日I. Vocabularytake place 发生 beauty n.美；美人 harvest n. & vt. Vi.收获；收割 celebration n.庆祝；祝贺 starve vi. & vt.（使）饿死；饿得要死 origin n.起源；由来；起因 religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教 的；虔诚的 seasonal adj.季节的；季节性的 ancestor n.祖先； 祖宗 graven.坟墓；墓地incense n.熏香；熏香的烟 in memory of 纪念；

2、 追念 feast n.节日；盛宴 skull n.头脑;头骨 Halloween n.万圣节前夕；诸圣日前夕belief n.信任；信心；信仰 dress up盛装；打扮；装饰 trick n.诡计；恶作剧；窍门 vt.欺骗；诈骗play a trick on搞恶作剧；开玩笑 magpie n.喜鹊remind - of 提醒想起 forgive vt.原谅；饶恕poet n.诗人arrival n.到来;到达；到达者 gain vt.获得；得到 independence n.独立；自主independent adj.独立的；自主的 gather vt. & vi. n.搜集；集合；聚集 a

3、griculture n.农业;农艺;农学agriculturaladj.农业的；农艺的award n.奖；奖品vt.授予；判定 produce n.产品；农产品 rooster n.雄禽；公鸡 admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕 energetic adj.充满活力的；精力 充沛的；积极的look forward to期望；期待；盼望 carnival n.狂欢节；（四旬节前的）饮宴狂欢；嘉年华（会）lunar adj.月的；月亮的；阴历的 Easter n.（耶稣）复活节 parade n.游行；阅兵；检阅 day and night日夜； 昼夜； 整天 the Milky Way 银河

4、weave vt. & vi.编织；（使）迂回前进 herd n.牧群；兽群set off出发；动身；使爆炸Christian n.基督徒；信徒adj.基督教的；信基督教的Jesus n.耶稣cherry n.樱桃；樱桃树 blossom n.花；vi.开花as though 好像 have fun with玩得开心 custom n.习惯;风俗worldwideadj.遍及世界的；世界性的rosebud n.玫瑰花蕾nesessity n.必要性;需要 permission n.许可；允许 prediction n.预言；预报；预告 fashion n.样子； 方式； 时尚 parking

5、lot 停车场Valentines Day 情人节turn up 出现；到场keep ones word守信用； 履行诺言 hold one s breath 屏息；屏气 apologize vi.道歉；辩白drown vt. & vi.淹没；溺死；淹死 obvious adj.明显的；显而易见的 wipe vt.擦;擦去；揩weep vi.哭泣； 流泪n.哭； 哭泣II . ReadingWangguo Festival 望果节（藏）FESTIV ALS AND CELEBRATIONS节日与庆祝Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have bee

6、n held everywhere since ancient times.译文:从古自今各地都举行过各式各样的节日和庆典。【注释：have been held是完成时的被动语态形式。在英语语言运用中，正确使用时态和语态的依据：（一）不同的时态有不同的时间状语与之对应 ，运用时态依据： （1）一般现在时常对应的时间状语有 usually, often, sometimes, seldom, every fewdays（every +系列）等；（2）现在进行时常对应的有 now, these days等；（3）现在完成时常对应的有 already, （not） yet, just, never,

7、 up to now, ever since, since + 时间点 /过去的动作，for + 时间段系歹U, by now 等； （4）般将 来时对应的有tomorrow, next week/month/year等表示将来的时间状语；（5） 一般过去式对应的有 yesterday,last week/month/year, just now, at that time, then,ago等表示过去的时间状语 .（二）语态判断依据：（1）如果 强调动作的执行者，就使用主动语态，其结构为：动作执行者 （I）+动作（did） +动作承受者（the job）（即：I didthe job）； （

8、2）如果强调动作的承受者或不知道谁是动作的执行者，就使用被动语态，其结构为：动作承受者（the job） +动作被动式（was done） +其它（必要时可用by引导出动作的执行者，如by me）】 Most ancientfestivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn 译文:大 多数古代节日是用来庆祝寒冷天气的结束、春天的耕作和秋日的收获。【注释：would表示过去的习惯，这种习惯现在也可能依然还有，如： Tom was late for class aga

9、in this morning.He would be late forclass Sometimes, celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals.译文:有时，猎人在捕获猎物后，就常常举行庆祝活动。At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find,especially during the cold winter months.译文：在那时，如果寻找食物很困难，尤其是在寒冷的冬月间，人们就会饿死。【注释：starve vt. & vi.使饿死

10、，饿得要死 eg. 1) Because there is no food, the people are starving.由于没有食品，所以人们在挨饿。2) Shes starving herself, trying to lose weight.她在饿肚子减肥。3)Im starved very much now because I have had nothing at all today.我现在饿极了 ,因为我今天什么也没吃。由starve构成的短语有：starve to death饿死；starve for sth.渴望获得某物；缺乏某物；starve sb. of sth.使某人

11、因得不到某物而受苦；starve sb. into doing sth.使某人挨饿而做某事；starve sb. out (of sth.)将某人饿得从隐藏 处出来。如：1) They got lost in the desert and starved to death. 2) The money has run out; they starve for alarge sum of money to finish the work. 试题：The company is money. A. staved for B. starving for C. starving of D. starved

12、注：be starved of sth急需；缺乏】Todays festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events.译文:如今的节日都有渊源，有的起源于宗教，有的起源于季节性的，有的是由于特殊的人物或 事件而引起的。Festivals of the Dead 亡灵节Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either

13、 to help or to do harm.译文：有的节日是用来纪念亡灵，或满足 先人，他们可能会回来，要么帮助人们，要么危害人们。【注释：honour (1)n.荣幸eg. It has been a great honouryour coming to visit me.您来看我，不胜荣幸。(2) vt.尊2) Children敬 eg. 1) We all honour courageous people.我们者 B 尊重勇敢的人。Obon 盂兰盆节(日)should honour their father and mother.孩子们应该尊敬其父母。3) Lanny had hono

14、ured himas a teacher兰尼尊他为师。4) I am honoured to be asked to speak我应邀发言，不胜荣幸。5) Were deeplyhonoured that you should agree to join us.想不到您会同意一起来 ，真是不胜荣幸。either-or要么一要么,一:用来连接两个并列成份，如： 1) Either your watches or mine is wrong.不是你们的表不准，就是我的表 不准。 2) I have not been to either Paris or Rome.我既没有到过巴黎也没有到过罗马。】

15、For the Japanesefestival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.译 文：像日本的盂兰盆节，人们前去扫墓，点起香烛以纪念祖先。【注释：in memory of作为对某人的纪念eg. He founded the charity in memory of his late wife.他兴办那个慈善机构以纪念他已故的妻子。Obon日本的盂兰盆节：中国古代以一、七、十月之十五日分称上元、中元、下元：上元是天官赐福日，中元为地官赦罪日，下元 为水官

16、解厄日。所以会在中元时普渡孤魂野鬼。中元节 农历7月15日中国民间的传统节日 中元节”。在南方，亦称 鬼节”。 也有说法中元节是在农历 7月14日。节日这天，人们带上祭品，到坟上去祭奠祖先，与清明节上坟相似。在封建时代，地方官 府还命令寺庙的和尚道士设孤魂道场，以祭奠阵亡的军士，中元节时，人们要焚烧大量的纸钱。它的另一叫法即盂兰盆节。每年农历七月十五日为 盂兰盆节”,也称中元节”(一定意义上讲，中元节归属道教，盂兰盆节归属佛教)，有些地方俗称奥主“、施孤”，又称亡人节、七月半。 They also light lamps and play music because they think th

17、at this will lead the ancestors back to earth.译文:他们也点亮灯火,演奏音乐,因为他们认为这会引领祖先回到世 上。【注释：lead vt.引导，牵引；领导，率领，指挥；影响，劝诱； vi.通向；导致 (1) lead sb. to sp. 领某人到某处eg. The path leads us to the small village. (2) lead sb. to do sth 致使某人做某事eg.The terrible scene of the film led us to feel frightened with the natural

18、disaster. (3) lead to 一 通向； 导致 eg. All roads lead to Rome. (4) lead sbs doing sth.导致某人做某事(5) lead a life 过着一的生活 eg.Now I am leading a happy life. (6) take the lead 夺得领先地位eg. 1) Japan has taken the lead in carproduction.日本在汽车生产中居首位。2) They took the lead in conducting the experiments.他们带头做试验。】In Mexic

19、o, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. 译文: 在墨西哥，人们在 H一月初庆祝鬼节。On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakeswith bones on them.译文：在这个重要的宗教节日， 人们吃一些颅骨形状的食物还吃一些上面带有“骨头”的蛋糕。【注释：in the shape of以一形状/形式 eg. 1) The cloud was in the shape of a cock那云成公鸡 形。2)

20、 He expressed his gratitude to us in the shape of an invitation to dinner. 他请我彳门吃饭 ,表示对我们的感 谢。】They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead.译文：他们给死者/亡灵供奉食物、鲜花和礼物。TheWestern holiday Halloween also had its origin in 01d beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people.译文:西方的万圣节也有其根源，古时人们相信死者的灵

21、魂能够回来。It is now a childrensfestival, when they can dress upand go to their neighbours homes to ask for sweets译文：现在,万 圣节已成为孩子的节日，在这一天，他们可以化装到邻居家里要糖果。【注释：dress up (1)穿上特殊服装eg.They all dressed up to take part in the New Years party.他们者B穿上盛装，去参加除夕晚会。 （2）打扮，梳理，粉 饰，伪装 eg. She dressed the children up她把孩子们打

22、扮得漂漂亮亮。（3）（使）装扮成另一种样子 eg.He dressed himself up as Father Christmas.他打扮成圣诞老人。 卜 the neighbours do not give anysweets, the children might play a trick on them.译文：如果邻居不给糖果，孩子们就会捉弄他们。【注释：play （a） trick on sb捉弄某人；开某人的玩笑 ； play a joke on sb.戏弄某人 eg. Dont play a trick on him any longer, and he is angry now

23、.Festivals to Honour People 纪念性的节日来纪念克里斯托弗哥伦布到达新大陆的Festivals can also be held to honour famous people.译文: 节日可以 用来纪念名人。The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famoustogether for a chat.现在该是我们见面谈谈的时候了。】 Some people might win awards for their farmproduce, like the biggest watermelon or the most h

24、andsome rooster. 译文：一些人可能会因他们的农 产品而获得奖励，如最大的西瓜，或最雄壮的公鸡。【注释：award vt.奖励；授予； n.奖；奖品（金）(1) award sth. to sb. = award sb. sth.把某物颁发给某人eg. He was awarded a medal for bravery. (2) winthe award of $10,000赢彳# 1万美元奖金 辨析：award, reward, prize : award指任务或工作完成的好而 给予的额外的奖励；reward指完成任务或工作应得的报酬；prize指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽采中所赢

25、得的奖赏或奖品。如：1) How can I reward you for your help? 2) I won first prize in the painting competition. 3)The court awarded heavy damages法院判定很重的损失赔偿金。考题：1) Scientists found that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to.A. rewards B. prizes C. awards D. results China and Japan have mid

26、-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy mooncakes.译文：中国和日本都有中秋节, 届时人 们赏月，在中国还吃月饼。Spring Festivals 春节The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that 100k forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring .译文：最具活力的、最为重要的节日就 是那些期盼寒冬的结束和春天的来临。【注释：look forwa

27、rd to 期望，盼望 eg. 1) Imlooking forward to your visit next week. 我在盼望着你下周光临。2) We look forward toseeing you again.我们期待着与你再次相见。 At the Spring Festival in China, peopleeat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. 译文：在中国的春节， 人们吃饺子、吃鱼、吃肉，还给孩子用红纸包裹的压岁钱。There are dragon dances

28、 and carnivals, andfamilies celebrate the Lunar New Year together.译文: 有舞龙的，有狂欢节，一家人聚在一起庆祝农历 新年。 Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February.译文:一些西方国家也有非常令人激动的狂欢节，通常是在二月的复活节之 前的 45天举行。【注释：take place发生;举行 eg. 1) The threatening st

29、rike did not take place after all.可能 来临的罢工终究没有发生。2) The evening party will take place on New Years Eve.晚会将在除夕那天举行。】These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds .译文：这些狂欢可能包括日日夜夜的游行、跳舞、响亮的音乐和各种各样 的彩色服装。Easte门s an important

30、religious and social festival for Christians around the world. 译文：对于世界各地的基督徒来说，复活节是一个重要的宗教和社会活动节日。It celebrates the return ofJesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life.译文:它是庆祝耶稣的复活和春天及新生命 的来临。Japans Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later.译文:日本的樱花节来的晚一些。Thecountry, covered with

31、 cherry tree flowers, 100ks as though it is covered with pink snow. 译文： 该国， 到处都是樱树花，看起来就像到处是粉红色的雪。【注释：cover with用-遮盖住，用一填满1) He coveredhis wife with his body.他用身体掩护自己的妻子。2) The field is covered with snow.田野一片积雪。】People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. 译文： 人们喜欢在一起吃 呀、喝

32、呀和玩呀。Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a littlewhile.译文：节日让我们热爱生活，以我们的习俗自豪，并能让我们暂时忘却工作。重点句型:1. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. 【精提取】 food was difficult to find 是主语+be+adj.十不定式”结构，其中fo

33、od是find的 逻辑宾语。【巧应用】英语难以在短时间内学好。Englishin a short time.答案：is difficult to learn well2. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.【精提取】as though (as if)“仿佛，好像”，引导方式状语从句或表语从句【巧应用】他谈起金字塔来，就好像亲眼见过似的。He talks about pyramidsthem himself. 答案：as though he had

34、 seen3. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of the cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn.【精提取】 would用在此处表示过去的习惯、习性、倾向等，意思是“过去常常”, 常与 often, frequently , sometimes, for hours 等连用。【巧应用】我年轻的时候，夏天去游泳，冬天去滑冰。When I was young ,in summer and go skating in winter.答案：I would go swi

35、mming4. It was obvious thatthe manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave.答案：It is obvious that【精提取】It is obvious that.很明显。【巧应用】显然，如果没有你我不可能按时完成工作。I can t finish the work on time without you.ancient poet, Qu Yuan.译文：中国的端午节(又叫龙船节)就是纪念古代著 诗人屈原。In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of

36、the arrivalof Christopher Columbus in the New World. 译文：在美国，哥伦布日是用India has a national festival on October 2 to honourMohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain indias independence from Britain. 译文：印度的十月2号是全国节日，以纪念莫罕达斯甘地，他帮助印度摆脱英殖民统治，获得独立。【注释：gain vt.获得；得至* 1J; 增力口 （1） gain by/ from sth从一中获益 eg. I gained a lot by/ from my former experience. （2） carry/gain ones point 说服某人接受自己的观点eg. Tom has gained my point. (3) gain on sb./ sth.接近/逼近(所追逐的)某人或某物辨析：gain, win, get, earn, acquire gain指在斗争、竞争中做出很大努力而 “获得”，所得的东西常具有一定价值。win含有取胜的一方具有优越的特质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思，意为“赢得”。get为普通