高中英语 疏导引导（Unit 1　School life）教学素材 牛津译林版必修1

1、互动课堂 疏导引导一、词汇详解1.at ease安逸；自由自在【典型例句】His mind was never at ease from the first day he got married.从结婚的第一天起,他心里就没有平静过。After the doctors visit, the patient felt at ease.经医生出诊看过后,病人感觉好多了。【相关链接】(1)with ease=easily熟练地；轻而易举地She won the 400m race with ease.她轻松赢得了400米比赛。(2)ill at ease不安；心神不宁This made me ill

2、 at ease.这使我局促不安。(3)ease up/off减轻；放松；放慢速度We waited until the traffic had eased off.我们一直等到交通缓解。As he got older, he started to ease up a little.随着年龄的增长,他放慢了工作节奏。(4)ease sb. out (尤指故意为难)迫使某人离开（工作岗位等）1.完成句子(1)尽量友好随便点,使求职者感到无拘无束。Try to put the candidate _ _ by being friendly and informal.(2)他轻松地通过了考试。He

3、passed the examination _ _ .(3)听说孩子们都很安全,她才放心。Her mind was _ _knowing that the children were safe.(4)跟他在一起我总感到不自在。I never feel completely _ _with him.(5)听到这个消息他似乎显得不安。At the news he seemed _ _ _.(6)他散了会步减轻了一些痛苦。Walking helped to ease _ _ _ _.答案:(1)at ease(2)with ease(3)at ease(4)at ease(5)ill at eas

4、e(6)him of his pain2. attend v.出席；参加； 护理；照料【典型例句】He was badly wounded. Three nurses attended on him.他严重受伤,三个护士护理他。Did you attend the meeting yesterday?你昨天参加会议了吗？【相关链接】(1)attend的常见搭配:attend to处理；对付；照料；关怀I have some urgent business to attend to.我有一些急事要处理。A nurse attended to his needs constantly.有一位护士经

5、常照料他的需要。attend school上学attend classes上课attend a lecture听讲座attend church去教堂attend (at)a wedding出席婚礼(2)attend, join, take part in和join in辨析join指加入某一组织或团体,成为其中一员。take part in通常指参加某项活动,与join in意义相同,可以互换。join in还可以构成join sb. in sth./doing sth.,表示“与某人一起做某事”或“加入正在做的事”。attend 通常用于参加会议、听课、听报告等。2.1)单项填空(1)You

6、 can _ us in the discussion if you _.A. take part in; hope soB. join in; want to joinC. attend; want toD. join; wish to提示:第一空后已有in,所以用join；第二空用wish to, hope so或want to都可以。答案:D(2)Usually children are allowed to _when they are six years old.A. attend schoolB. attend the schoolC. join schoolD. join the

7、 school提示:attend school=go to school,其中的school不表示具体的“学校”,而是表示“上学”这一抽象概念,因此school前不可加定冠词。答案:A2)用take part in, join或attend填空(1)Did your son _ school yesterday?(2)He _ the army when he was only sixteen and _ the Party a year later.(3)He _ the last Olympic Games and won a gold medal.答案:(1)attend(2)joine

8、d, joined(3)took part in3. next to 靠近;仅次于;几乎是【典型例句】Peter sat next to Paul on the sofa.彼得挨着保罗坐在沙发上。My horse came next to last (last but one) in the race.我的马在比赛中得了倒数第二名。【相关链接】next to nothing/none差不多没有;很少next but one再下一个;相邻第二个3.单项填空No wonder she is ill！She eats _nothing.Which of the following is wrong?

9、A. next toB. close toC. similar toD. almost提示:句意为“难怪她生病！她几乎什么也不吃”。C项:与相似;A、B和D项都有“几乎是”之意。答案:C4. earn vt.赢得;获得【典型例句】His achievements earned him respect and admiration.他的成就赢得人们的尊敬和仰慕。How much do you earn a week?你一周赚多少钱?【相关链接】(1)earning n.收入;所挣的钱(2)常见搭配:earned income劳动收入earn ones living =make a living谋

10、生earn money=make money4.英汉互译(1)He has earned a lot of money by working in the evenings._(2)他靠写作谋生。_答案:(1)他利用晚上工作,已经挣了好多钱。(2)He earns his living by writing.5. respect n.&vt. 尊敬;敬重【典型例句】The students have/show great respect for their history teacher.学生们非常尊敬他们的历史老师。Give my respects to your parents.请代我向你

11、的父母问好。Ill respect your wishes.我尊重你的愿望。【相关链接】show/have respect for sb.尊敬某人respect oneself 自尊respect ones elders 尊敬长辈respect ones wishes/rights 尊重愿望/权利in every respect 在各个方面5.汉译英(1)我们必须尊敬长辈。_(2)他尊重你的愿望。_（3）我尊重他们的道德标准。_答案:(1)We must respect our elders./We must show respect for those who are older.(2)He

12、 respects your wishes.(3)I respected their moral standards.6. achieve vt.达到(某目标、地位、标准)；得到；完成；实现【典型例句】He finally achieved success.他终于获得了成功。I havent achieved very much today.我今天没做成多少事。By hard working we can achieve anything.只要我们努力任何事情都会成功。Women havent yet achieved full equality in the workplace.在工作领域,

13、妇女还没有取得完全平等的地位。China has achieved the highest rate of economic growth in the world this year.今年中国实现世界最高的经济增长率。He achieved nothing.他一事无成。We want all our students to achieve within their chosen profession.我们希望所有的学生在各自选择的专业领域内都能有所成就。【相关链接】achieve success取得成功achieve victory取得胜利achieve ones goal实现目标achie

14、ve ones purpose达到目的achievement n. 完成；达到；成就；成功6. 1)单项填空(1)Their play _ great success and brought in a large profit to the theatre.A. appreciated B. achieved C. expected D. seized提示:他们的戏剧取得了巨大的成功,为剧院带来了很大的利润。achieve success“取得成功”。答案:B(2)Without electronic computers, much of todays advanced technology

15、_.A. will not have been achievedB. have not been achievedC. would not have been achievedD. had not been achieved提示:本句表达的是与事实相反的假设。句意为“假如没有计算机,当今的一些先进技术无法取得”。答案:C2)英汉互译(1)他希望尽快达到所有目标。_(2)He has achieved his wish of becoming a doctor._答案:(1)He hopes to achieve all his aims soon.(2)他实现了成为一名医生的愿望。7. ave

16、rage adj.普通的;平均的n.平均数【典型例句】It was an average piece of work.那是一件普通的产品。The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.这个班级中男生的平均年龄为十五岁。An average of two students are absent each day.每天平均有两个学生缺席。【相关链接】above the average在一般水平以上；中上;在平均数以上on (the/an) average平均；按平均数计算;一般地说7.1)单项填空The ages of the athle

17、tes who will take part in the Asian Games are 21 _.A. on averageB. in commonC. in generalD. as usual提示:句意“参加这次亚运会的运动员平均年龄是21岁”。on average平均;in common共同的;in general总的来说;as usual像往常一样。答案:A8. challenging adj. 具有挑战性的【典型例句】It is a really challenging job.这真是一个具有挑战性的工作。How challenging it is to take up such

18、 a task.承担了那样一个任务真是具有挑战性。【相关链接】challenge n. 挑战；指责；艰巨的事vt. & vi. 向挑战；向提出质疑；激发；要求Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.只有这样,我们对生活中的挑战和机遇才会有充分的准备。I hope that he proves equal to the challenge.我希望他最后能应付这一挑战。He challenged me to play another tennis game.他向我挑战要我跟他再打一

19、场网球。He challenged my view on that matter.他就我对那件事的看法提出异议。8.单项填空(1)I dont care about the good salary offered by the company. What I need is a(n) _ post.A. creatingB. awardingC. challenging D. competing 提示:句意为“我不介意公司提供的薪水,我所需要的是具有挑战性的职位”。答案:C(2)Great as Newton was, many of his ideas_ today and are bein

20、g modified by the work of scientists of our time.A. are to challengeB. have challengedC. are challenging D. have been challenged提示:句意为“尽管牛顿伟大,但他的很多观点受到当今科学家们的工作的挑战和修正”。答案:D9. for free 免费【典型例句】You can get it for free.你不用花钱。These pictures can be kept for free. You may take whichever you like.这些画可免费拥有。

21、你喜欢哪一幅就拿哪一幅。【相关链接】free of charge 免费free from不受拘束的;没有的free from无的；免于的9.用free短语填空(1)Our medical service is _.(2)The streets have been swept _.(3)Im_ duty today.(4)Most of the music is not downloaded _now.答案:(1)free of charge/for free(2)free of leaves(3)free from(4)for free10.extra adj.额外的；分外的；外加的；附加的n

22、. 额外的事物；另外收费的事物；(电影里的)临时演员；群众演员adv. 额外；另外；外加；格外【典型例句】They may play to passers-by in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money.他们可能在街上或地铁里为过路者演奏,这样他们可以多挣一些钱。He does extra work and gets extra pay.他多做一份工作,多一份收入。Music is an optional extra at our school.我校音乐课为选修课,要另外收费。The rate for a ro

23、om is 30,but breakfast is extra.一个房间收费30英镑,但早餐另付。You need to be extra careful not to make any mistakes.你要格外小心,别犯错误。10.指出下列句中extra的词性,并将句子译成汉语(1)Take extra care on the roads this evening._(2)The meeting is going to be a lot of extra work._(3)We need hundreds of extras for the battle scenes(场面)._(4)I

24、need to earn a bit extra this month._答案: (1)adj.今晚在路上要格外小心。(2)adj.这次会议将有很多额外工作。(3)n.我们拍战争场面需要数百名临时演员。(4)adv. 这个月我需要挣点小费。11. preparevt. 使作好准备；把预备好；防范；准备；配制【典型例句】An outline will prepare you to write a better story.提纲可以帮你更好地写出这个故事。A hotel room is being prepared for them.正在为他们准备一间旅馆客房。The whole class is

25、 working hard preparing for the exam.全班都在用功准备考试。The police are preparing themselves for trouble at the demonstration.警察正在准备防范示威时可能出现的骚乱。He was in the kitchen preparing lunch.他在厨房做午饭。【相关链接】(1)名词preparation的意思是“准备；预备”。常见结构有:in preparation (for)（为）准备The team has been training hard in preparation for th

26、e big game.为备战这场重要比赛,队伍一直在严格训练。make preparations for/to do sth.为作准备We are making preparations to fly Mr Goodall to the nearest hospital.我们在准备用飞机把Mr Goodall送到最近的医院。(2)prepare, prepare for, get(be)ready辨析get/be ready意为“准备好”,强调准备的结果。常见结构有:1)get ready (for sth.)；2)get sth. ready；3)be ready(for sth.)；4)b

27、e ready to do(准备干某事,乐于干某事)prepare意为“准备”,强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语,还可接不定式。prepare for意为“为作准备”,for的宾语不是动作的承受者,而是表示准备的目的,即所要应付的情况。(3)prepare常见结构如下:prepare sth.准备某物(事)prepare sth. for sth.使为作好准备prepare to do sth.准备做某事prepare for sth.为某事作准备prepare sb. for sth.使某人对某事有思想准备be prepared for sth.准备好应付某事1

28、1.1)单项填空(1)Hi, Mary, what are you doing these days?I am _ the examination.A. preparing forB. preparingC. prepared forD. preparing to提示:如果选用A项,句意为“我正在为考试作准备”；如果选用C项,句意为“我为考试准备好了”。依据问句判断,应该用表示动作的A项。答案:A(2)Teachers are busy _ the test while the students are busy _ the test.A. preparing; preparingB. pre

29、paring for; preparing forC. preparing; preparing forD. preparing for; preparing提示:句意为“老师在忙着出试卷,而学生们在忙着为考试作准备”。答案:C(3)Upon graduation from school, how well will you _ the job that lies ahead?A. prepareB. be preparingC. preparedD. be prepared for提示:how well已经暗示应该选用表示状态的短语。答案:D(4)Every morning he recei

30、ved bread _ from the best flour.A. preparedB. workedC. doneD. prepared for提示:from the best flour意为“用最好的面粉调制(做成)”,空格处应为“调制、培植成”,与bread构成被动关系，故选prepared。答案:A2)同义句转换(1)A: Can you give me more time to prepare myself?B: Can you give me more time to _ _?(2)A: We are making preparations to move to a new of

31、fice.B: We _ _ _move to a new office.答案:(1)get prepared(2)are preparing to12. miss vt.想念;错过;逃过；免于【典型例句】I know how you miss your mother.我了解你是多么地想念你的母亲。The hunter fired at the deer but missed it.猎人向鹿开了枪,但未打中。She missed going to the party on Saturday.星期六她没能出席聚会。We narrowly missed being killed by the ex

32、plosion.我们差一点被炸死。【知识小结】miss表示“错过,逃过”时,后面可接动名词作宾语。12.英译汉(1)He missed the target by two inches._(2)She said she was sorry to have missed you._(3)She regretted having missed the film._答案:(1)他差二英寸没打中目标。(2)她说她没有见到你很遗憾。(3)她后悔没看上那场电影。13. experience n. （一次）经历；体验；经验v. 经历；经受；遭受；体验【典型例句】n. When I told her the

33、air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.当我告诉她那里空气稀薄,呼吸困难,而且天气很冷时,她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。In a journal, writers also record their experiences, ideas and afterthoughts about what they have seen.在游记中,作家们也把他们的经历、思想、见闻感受记录下来。v. Everyone experiences the

34、se problems at some time in their lives.每个人在人生的某个阶段都会经历这些问题。The child has never experienced kindness.这孩子从没受过善待。【知识小结】experience作“（一次）经历；体验”讲时,是可数名词；作“经验”讲时,是不可数名词。【相关链接】（1)experienced adj.有经验的；熟练的；有见识的；老练的He is an experienced traveler.他是一位阅历丰富的旅行者。（2)be experienced in 在方面有经验Hes very experienced in l

35、ooking after animals.他养动物很有经验。13.单项填空(1)Jumping out of _ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _ exciting experience.A. /; theB. /; anC. an; anD. the; the提示:airplane为可数名词,第一次提及时,前面必须有不定冠词。本句中的experience的意思是“经历”,为可数名词。答案:C(2)Last summer I had _ in the south of France.A. amusing experienceB. a amusin

36、g experienceC. an amused experienceD. an amusing experience提示:从句意看,本句中的experience表示“一次经历”,为可数名词,amusing以元音开头,应该用an。答案:D(3)You must try some of her home-made wineits quite a(n) _.A. experienceB. experimentC. effortD. skill提示:experience体验；experiment实验；effort气力,努力；skill技巧。从句意看,应该使用experience。答案:A14.int

37、roduce vt.介绍；引见；主持（节目）；推行；传入【典型例句】Will you introduce your friend to me? 请你向我介绍一下你的朋友好吗？Will you introduce yourself? 请你作一下自我介绍好吗? Weve already been introduced.我们已经认识了。The next programme will be introduced by Mary David.下一个节目由玛丽戴维主持。The company is introducing a new range of products this year.公司今年将推出一

38、系列新产品。Tomato was introduced into Europe from America.西红柿被从美洲引进到欧洲。【知识小结】introduce后面要接sb. to sb.或sth. to sb.或sb. to sth.。【相关链接】introduction n.介绍；引见；引进；推行；序言；引言Our speaker today needs no introduction.我们今天的发言人就不必介绍了。By way of introduction, let me give you the background to the story.作为引言,我先来介绍一下故事的背景。1

39、4.1)单项填空(1)The factory is _ new techniques from abroad this year.A. bringingB. borrowingC. introducingD. buying提示:从句意看,应该使用动词introduce, introduce sth. in/into.引进,采用。答案:C(2)Let me introduce myself. Im Albert._A. What a pleasure!B. Its my pleasure.C. Im very pleased.D. Pleased to meet you.提示:本题考查介绍后的客

40、套用语。介绍后,被介绍双方的客套语:Im pleased/glad/delighted to meet you.Its nice to meet you.常用省略形式:Pleased/Glad to meet you.答案:D2)英汉互译(1)他把他的朋友介绍给我。_(2)Generally speaking, a book has an introduction._答案:(1)He introduced his friend to me.(2)一般说来,书都有绪论。15. recently adv.最近;近来【典型例句】Ive only recently begun to learn Jap

41、anese.我只是最近才开始学习日语的。This book was published recently.这本书是最近出版的。【知识小结】recently在句中作时间状语,常与现在完成时连用,偶尔也与一般过去时连用。【相关链接】recent adj.最近的in the recent ten years在最近十年15.单项填空I wonder why Jenny _ to us recently. We should have heard from her by now.A. hasnt writtenB. doesnt writeC. wont writeD. hadnt written提示:

42、句意“我想知道詹妮为什么最近没有给我们写信。我们到现在应当收到她的来信了”。recently常与现在完成时连用。答案:A16. develop v.发展；发生；产生；开发；加工；冲洗【典型例句】You should try your best to develop a business.你应该尽力扩大业务。He has developed the habit of making notes while reading.他养成了读书记笔记的习惯。Can you develop this film for me?你能给我冲这个胶卷吗?He works in a developing area in

43、 Shanghai.他在上海的一个开发区工作。The child is developing normally.这个小孩发育正常。The company develops and markets new software.这个公司开发了新软件,并投入市场。She developed the company from nothing.她白手起家开起了公司。【相关链接】development n. 发展；开发with the development of.随着的发展developing adj.发展中的developed adj. 发达的China is a developing country

44、while America is a developed country.中国是一个发展中国家,而美国是一个发达国家。16.单项填空(1)China began to _the science of agriculture earlier than other countries in the world.A. open B. useC. master D. develop提示:考查动词。从句意看,应该使用develop,表示“发展”。答案:D(2) _ is known to all, China will be a _ and powerful country in 30 years ti

45、me.A. That; developingB. It; developedC. As; developedD. It; developing提示:as放在句首,引导定语从句,as is known to all的意思是“众所周知”。如果选用B项,题干中的逗号必须改成that。答案:C(3)Here is the film _.I need the pictures in 15 minutes.OK. But you have to pay extra charge.A. to developB. to be developedC. developedD. developing提示:film与

46、develop之间有被动关系,排除A、D项,从句意看,“冲洗”这个动作还没有发生,故选B。答案:B17. donate vt.捐赠;捐献;赠予【典型例句】She donated her books to the library.她把自己的书捐赠给图书馆。Cong Fei donated his cornea as his last will before he passed away.丛飞在去世前,捐献了他的角膜,作为他最后的遗愿。【相关链接】donation n.捐献donator n.捐献者She made a donation of $5000 to the Childrens Hosp

47、ital.她捐了5000美元给儿童医院。17.英汉互译(1)The government calls on the youth to donate their blood voluntarily._(2)我为灾区捐助了2000元。_答案:(1)政府号召青年义务献血。(2)I donated two thousand yuan to the flooded areas.18. attention n.注意;关注【典型例句】Let me have your attention!请注意听我讲话!The children paid attention to the teacher.孩子们专心听老师讲话

48、。【相关链接】(1)attentive adj.注意的；专心的；留意的(2)短语搭配:bring sth. to sb.s attention使某人注意某事call/draw/invite sb.s attention to sth.促使某人注意某事pay attention to注意；重视；倾听18.单项填空The advertisement_ always _ peoples attention.A. in big print; paysB. in big print; drawsC. with big print; paysD. with big print; catches提示:in

49、big print用大号铅字印刷。draw ones attention 吸引某人的注意。答案:B19. please vt.使满意;取悦vi. 愿意;喜欢interj.(礼貌用语)请【典型例句】What pleases you best?你最喜欢什么?May I come in?我可以进来吗?Come in, please.请进。Go where you please.你想去哪儿就去哪儿。She is most pleasing in manner and appearance.她的外貌和举止都非常讨人喜欢。We are very pleased with our new house.我们对

50、我们的新居很满意。【知识小结】please的过去分词和现在分词都已转化为形容词。pleased adj.感到满意的;感到高兴的pleasing adj.令人满意的;令人高兴的【相关链接】(1)pleasure n.愉快,快乐,乐事pleasant adj.令人愉快的,舒适的=pleasing(2)短语搭配:as you please 随你的意思,随你喜欢be pleased with对满意/高兴if you please请,劳驾;对不起be pleased to (do)乐意;承蒙;肯19.单项填空(1)Its been an unforgettable party. Thank you very much._.A. No, thanksB. Its OKC. My pleasureD. Im glad to hear that提示:My pleasure常用于回答别人的感谢,意为“这是我的荣幸”。答案:C(2)Shall I stay here for another day?_.A. If you pleaseB. As you pleaseC. With pleasureD. Its pleasure提示:用as