高中英语 · 必修一：Unit2

1、高中英语 · 必修一：Unit2subway n. 地下人行道；<美>地铁elevator n. 电梯；升降机petrol n. <英>汽油（=<美>gasoline）gas n. 汽油；气体；煤气；毒气official adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的voyage n. 航行；航海conquer vt. 征服；占领because of 因为；由于native adj. 本国的；本地的n. 本地人；本国人Amy n. 艾米（女名）come up 走近；上来；提出apartment n. <美> 公寓住宅；单元住宅actually adv

2、. 实际上；事实上AD 公元base vt. 以为根据n. 基部；基地；基础at present 现在；目前gradual adj. 逐渐的；逐步的Danish n. 丹麦语adj. 丹麦的；丹麦人的；丹麦语的enrich vt. 使富裕；充实；改善vocabulary n. 词汇；词汇量；词表Shakespeare 莎士比亚（英国剧作家，诗人）make use of 利用；使用spelling n. 拼写；拼法Samuel Johnson 塞缪尔?约翰逊（英国作家，批评家）Noah Webster 诺厄.韦伯斯特（美国词典编纂家）latter adj. 较后的；后半的；（两者中）后者的ide

3、ntity n. 本身；本体；身份fluent adj. 流利的；流畅的fluently adv. 流利地；流畅地Singapore n. 新加坡（东南亚国家）Malaysia n. 马来西亚（东南亚国家）；马来群岛such as 例如；像这种的frequent adj. 频繁的；常见的frequently adv. 常常；频繁地usage n. 使用；用法；词语惯用法command n.& vt. 命令；指令；掌握request n. & vt. 请求；要求dialect n. 方言expression n. 词语；表示；表达midwestern adj. 中西部的，有中西部

4、特性的African adj. 非洲的；非洲人的；非洲语言的Spanish adj. 西班牙的；西班牙人的；西班牙语的n西班牙人；西班牙语play a part (in) 扮演一个角色；参与eastern adj. 东方的；东部的southeastern adj. 东南方的；来自东南的northwestern adj. 西北方的；来自西北的recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认lorry n. <英>卡车（=<美>truck）Lori n. 罗丽（女名）Houston n. 休斯顿（美国城市）Texas n. 德克萨斯州（美国州名）accent n. 口音；腔调

5、；重音Buford n. 布福德（姓氏；男名）Lester n. 莱斯特（姓氏；男名）catfish n. 鲶鱼lightning n. 闪电straight adv. 直接；挺直adj. 直的；笔直的；正直的block n. 街区；块；木块；石块cab n. 出租车THE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISHAt the end of 16th century , about five to seven million people spoke English. Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next centur

6、y, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries . Today, more people speak English as their first , second or a foreign language than ever before.Native English speakers can understand each other even if

7、they dont speak the same kind of English. Look at this example :British Betty : Would you like to see my flat?American Amy : Yes, Id like to come up to your apartment.So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. A

8、t first, the English spoken in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. Then graduallybetween about AD800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke fi

9、rst Danish and later French. These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary. So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. In 1620, some British s settlers moved to America. Later in the 18th century some British people were

10、taken to Australia too. English began to be spoken in both countries.Finally by the 19the century, the language was settled. At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Langua

11、ge. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. During that time English became the lang

12、uage for government and education. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasingly rapidly. In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners. Will Chinese English develop

13、 its own identity? Only time will tell.在16世纪末，约五至七百万人讲英语。几乎所有的这些住在英格兰。在下一世纪，人们从英格兰开始移动到世界其他地方，因此，英语开始被发言，在许多其他国家。今天，越来越多的人讲英语作为他们的第一，第二或外语比以往任何时候都。中国可能有人数最多的英语发言。本土英语发言可以了解对方，即使他们没有讲同种英语。不过，他们可能无法理解的一切。举例来说，英国的人可能会说她的朋友， “请你来我单位进行了访问” ？之一，她的美国朋友可能，然后问她， “来了哪里？ ”她加拿大的朋友，或许可以解释， “她手段，我们应该拿出她的公寓“ 。那么，为何有英语改变，随着时间的推移？所有语言的变化时，文化的互相沟通。该英语口语之间的大约450名和1150年是非常不同的从英语在今天发言。实际上，它是基于对德国更比现今的英语。然后从约1150年至1500年英语改变，甚至更多。它成为不像德国，更象法国，因为那些谁统治英格兰在那个时间以法语。它成为更接近的语言，你现在正在学习。在1600年的，莎士比亚使用一个更广泛的词汇比以往任何时候都一大的变化，在英语用法发生诺亚韦伯斯特写道，美国字典中的英语语言，使美国英语自己的身份。后来，当