英语必修一第一单元知识点与练习(共7页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上必修1Unit 1Friendship考 点 探 究 .词汇短语过关1upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的，不适的vt. 使不安；使心烦，打乱(upset; upset)be upset about 对感到心烦2ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视；不顾(强调“装作不知道或没看到”)ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的；不知道的ignorance n. 无知；愚昧；不知道be ignorant of/about sth.be in ignorance of sth.不知道某事3concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n. 担心；关注；(利害)关系co

2、ncerning prep. 关于 concerned adj. 关心的；挂念的；有关的concern oneself about/for 担忧/关心concern oneself with 从事，参与be concerned about/over/for 关心，挂念be concerned with/in 牵扯进/参与as/so far as. be concerned 就而言4series n. 系列；连续a series of一连串的；一系列的 a series of exams 一连串的考试注意：(1)series 属于单复数同形的单词，类似的单词还有 means, species,

3、works(工厂)，deer, fish, sheep 等。(2)“a series of复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数，但“these/those series of复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用复数。5settle vi. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居；安排；解决settle in迁入新居；适应（新的家、工作等）settle down 安顿下来；开始专心于（与介词to连用）settle on/upon 决定，选定get down to sth / get down to doingsth开始认真做某事6suffer vt.& vi. 遭受；忍受；经历suffering n.

4、 (身体、精神上的)痛苦，苦恼、苦难的经历suffer pain/loss/defeat/punishment/hardship遭受痛苦/损失/失败/惩罚/艰难suffer from 受折磨，受之苦；患疾病7recover vi.&vt. 痊愈；恢复；重新获得recovery n. 恢复，复原；复得recover from sth. 从中恢复到正常状态8add up 合计add sth. up 把加起来add up to 加起来共计/达add.to. 把加在/上add to 增加；增添add that.补充说9go through 经历，经受；仔细检查；浏览，翻阅；通过，经过；用完拓展

5、：break through 冲破get through 完成，通过，接通电话look through 浏览cut through 穿过10set down (1)写下，记下 (2) 把放下，使下车 拓展：set about doing sth.开始干某事(set out to do sth.)set off开始；出发(set out)；使爆炸set out出发；开始(后接to do)；陈列 set up建立，创设，开办set back把(钟表指针)往回拨set aside留出；不顾；取消set free释放；解放11in order to 为了(1)in order to 引导的目的状语，可

6、置于句首或句末，可换成 to (do sth.)。so as to 引导的目的状语，其位置一般在句末。(2)否定结构：in order not to do 和 so as not to do。He went abroad in order to learn more about English literature.= He went abroad in order that he could learn more about English literature.12get along/on with get along/on well/nicely with.重点句型详解1While wa

7、lking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.你在遛狗的时候不小心让狗松脱了，接着它被一辆小车撞着了。While walking the dogWhile you were walking the dog，这是状语从句的省略。在when, while, if, as if, though, as, where, unless等连词(词组)引导的状语从句中，如果谓语动词有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或为it时，则从句的主语和be常常省略。When (I was) in Japan, I took m

8、any beautiful pictures.While (I was) waiting, I read newspapers.If (it were) not for you, we would not go there.He looks as if (he were) drunk.他看上去像喝醉了。She went on working though (she was) exhausted.Fill in the blanks with the given words; change the form where (it is) necessary.I won't go unles

9、s (I'm) invited.When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.Aintroducing BintroducedCintroduce Dbeing introduced解析：将从句补全应为When these products were first introduced to the market，主从句主语一致且从句中有be，可以省略主语和be。答案：B2.tell him/her that he/she should have studied. 告诉他/她本该学习should have

10、 done 结构表示过去应该做某事而事实上没有做；而shouldn't have done则表示过去本不该做某事而实际上却做了，两者皆含有“责备”的口吻。You should have finished your homework yesterday.You shouldn't have told him about it.拓展：其他“情态动词havedone”结构：(1)must have done对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。“一定”。(2)can't/couldn't have done对过去发生的事情的否定推测。“不可能”。(3)needn't h

11、ave done过去没有必要做却做了。“本来没必要做”。(4)ought (not) to have doneshould (not) have done(5)might/may have done过去可能做了某事(可能性小)。“可能做了”。(6)could have done过去本可能做而未做。“本来能做”。(7)would have done愿意做某事却不能做。“本来想要做”。Oh, I'm not feeling well in the stomach. I _ so much fried chicken just now.Ashouldn't eat Bmustn

12、9;t have eatenCshouldn't have eaten Dmustn't eat解析：由just now可知，本题谈论过去之事。谈论过去之事，在should或must之后接不定式的完成式。must表示推测只用于肯定句中，shouldnt have done表说话之前不应该做某事，但事实上却做了，含有责备的口气。答案：C3.it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face.这是我一年半以来第一次观察夜晚It is/was the first tim

13、e(that).这是一个固定句式，it可换成this或that; first可换成second, third等，以表达不同的意义。This is the fourth time she's rung you in a week.It was the second time that he had been out with her alone.这是他第二次单独跟她外出。It will be the second time that I have got the prize.那将是我第二次获得该奖。提示：(1)It is the first time that.后接现在完成时；It wa

14、s the first time that.后接过去完成时；It will be the first time that.后接现在完成时。(2)the first time可起从属连词作用，引导时间状语从句。The first time I saw her, my heart stopped.我第一次见到她时，心脏都停止了跳动。(3)for the first time意为“第一次”，单独用做状语。He was cheated for the first time.他第一次被骗了。Have you ever been here before?No. This is the first time

15、 that I _ to the Great Wall.Acomes Bhave beenCcame Dhad come解析：This is the first time that.之后的从句需要用现在完成时态。答案：B4Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是不是很热。“withn.形容词/副词/介词短语/分词/动词不定式”这种结构在句中经常做状语，表示原因、方式或伴随状态。如果分词的动作与前面的名词是主动关系，用现在分词；如果是被动关系，则用过去分词；如果表示一个未来的动

16、作就用不定式。He lay on his back, with his eyes looking up into the sky. 他躺着，眼瞅着天空。With his homework done, he went out to play.完成作业，他就出去玩了。With the guide to lead us, we'll have no difficulty finding his house.有导游带路，我们将不费力地找到他家。He came in, with a book in his hand.他手里拿着一本书走了进来。He is used to sleeping with

17、 the windows open.他已经习惯了开着窗户睡觉。He often sleeps with the light on.他经常开着灯睡觉。易 错 点 拨1. calm/quiet/still/silent这几个词都与“静”有关，但它们所描述的物体、场合是不同的。(1)calm常指“天气平静，无风；海无浪；镇定，无忧虑；镇定自若”，强调外表的平静。(2)quiet表示“静止的；宁静的；不激动，没有烦恼、忧虑的”，强调没有干扰，没有兴奋活动或闹声的“宁静”或“心神安逸”。(3)still表示“静止不动的/地”“平静的/地”，突出不发出动作。(4)silent表示“声音极小的，沉默的，寡言

18、的”。(1)Ask the children to make less noise and keep _.(2)Although she was frightened, she answered in a _ voice.(3)John is a _，thoughtful boy.(4)Please stand _ while I am ready to take the photograph.quiet calm silent still2. power/right/strength/force/energy(1)power主要指做事所依靠的能力、功能，也可指人或机器等事物潜在的或发挥出来的

19、力量，还可指职权、权力或政权。(2)right指“权利”。(3)strength指固有的潜力。说人时，指“力气”，说物时，指“强度”。(4)force主要指自然界的力量；暴力、势力以及法律、道德或感情的力量；军事力量等。(5)energy主要指人的精力或自然界中的能量。(1)Youll need to apply all your _ to this job.(2)You have no _ to treat me like this.(3)Congress has _ to declare war.(4)The _ of the explosion broke all the windows

20、.(5)A washing machine is a saver of time and _.energy right power force strength3. join in/take part in/attend/join(1)join in指参加正在进行着的活动，如游戏、讨论、辩论、谈话等。也可用 join sb. in doing sth.。(2)take part in指参加会议或群众性活动，并在其中发挥一定的作用。part 前若有修饰语，要加不定冠词。(3)attend正式用语，指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、上课、上学、听报告等，重在强调“参与”的动作，不强调参加者的作用。(4)jo

21、in指参加某组织或团体，并成为其一员。其宾语往往是 the army/Party/team/club/sb.。(1)Would you _ us _ the game?(2)All the students _ school activities.(3)There are many people _ the meeting.(4)My brother _ the army last year.Join in took an active part in attending joined4连词doing/done(1)Though _ money, his parents managed to

22、send him to university.Alacked Blacking of Clacking Dlacked in解析：当从句的主语和主句的主语相同时，且从句的谓语是be动词时，可以省略从句主语和be动词，本句补全应该为：Though(they were) lacking.答案：C(2)While _ the book on the top shelf, you need to be very careful.Ato reach BreachingCreach Dare reaching解析：reach和you是主谓关系，要用现在分词做状语。答案：B(3)Generally spea

23、king, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.Awhen taking Bwhen takenCwhen to take Dwhen to be taken解析：take和drug是动宾关系，要用过去分词做状语。可看做是when it is taken的省略。答案：B(4)The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.Abegins Bhaving begunCbeginning Dbegun解析：考查过去分词补

24、充成条件状语从句的用法。句子应为once (the research is) begun。答案：D.单词拼写1The snow is very loose (疏松) and there is a lot of air in it.2His life is entirely(完全地) given up to work.3The curtain(幕布) rises and the play begins.4That's exactly(正是) what I expected.5To send me to college, my parents suffered(受苦) a lot.6Our

25、 workmate has been in danger. We're all concerned about his health.7They come from Germany. They are Germans.8On hot summer nights, people like to sit outdoors， chatting and enjoying the cool air.9I'm grateful for your help.10Their age is from 13 to 19. They are called teenagers. .单项选择1My ch

26、ildren are always arguing._AJust ignore them. BThat's right.CAre you sure? DHow old is the boy?解析：对方在抱怨孩子们总吵架，应回答A项“别理他们”。 答案：A2Because he didn't finish the work on time and was fired by the company, he was very _ about it.Aupset BworriedCanxious Dnervous解析：由题意“没有按时完成工作就被公司解雇了”可知，选upset“苦恼的，

27、心烦意乱的”。A3Please _ all the figures to see how much they _.Aadd; add up to Badd up; add up toCadd up; add up Dadd; add to解析：第一空填add up“把加起来”；第二空填add up to “加起来总计”。 答案：B4Excuse me, can you tell me _？Awhere the nearest post office isBhow far the Capital Airport wasChow can I get to the stationDwhere is

28、the station解析：考查直接引语变间接引语时从句用陈述语序，排除C、D项。B项时态不对。5 All my pockets have been _ but I can't find my keys.Agot through Bgiven outCgone through Dgone down解析：考查动词短语辨析。语意：我找遍了所有的口袋，但是没有发现钥匙。此处的go through表示“仔细检查；搜查”。get through表示“通过；到达”，give out表示“分发”，go down表示“下降”，都不符合语意。答案：C6He got _ while _ the fire.

29、Aburning; putting out Bburnt; put outCburning; put out Dburnt; putting out解析：第一空got burntbe burnt“受伤”；第二空省略了he was。答案：D7This is the first time I _ my first picture with my own hands.It's time that you _ a picture for me.Atook; took Bhave taken; tookCtook; will take Dwill take; have taken解析：答案：BT

30、his is the first time后面的从句中用现在完成时；It's time后面的从句中用一般过去时。8 It was lack of money, not of effort, _ defeated their plan.Awhich BasCthat Dwhat解析：容易误选A，受空格前逗号的影响，误认为这是一个非限制性定语从句。其实，整个句子为强调句，被强调成分为lack of money, not of effort。答案：C9 The comments which she made _ the 2008 Super Voice Girl bored a lot of

31、 fans to death.Abeing concerned Bto be concernedCconcerned Dconcerning解析：考查非谓语动词。题干中which she made与concerning均作定语修饰comments，因concern与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系，故用ving形式作后置定语。答案：D10_such heavy loss in the hurricane, the farmer didn't expect to have a good harvest.ASuffering BHaving sufferedCSuffered DTo suffer解析：B.考查非谓语动词。此句用现在分词的完