新高考教材高中英语必修2-unit1-CulturalheritageSection2-3重点词汇短语语法

1、Nina10Unit1 Cultural heritage Section 2 -3 重点词汇短语句型Section21) download 用法详解( 1 ) vi&vt. 下载 download to 把 下载到You can download this software for free. 妮可以免费下载该软件。Wait until it ' s finished downldihg.载完毕。2) ) n.下载Your mail packet is ready for download. 你的信件包可以开始下载了。词语积累upload v&n. 上传2. work

2、 用法详解(1) vi.奏效，产生预期的结果(或作用)The pills the doctor gave me aren 医生给我的药片没有产生效果。 t working.My plan worked ， and I got them to agree. 我的计划奏效了，我让他们同意了。(2) 2) vi.&vt. (使)运转；(使)运行The phone isn ' t workingi电话坏了。Do you know how to work the coffee machine ？你会使用咖啡机吗？(3) vt.使奏效；(由于努力)造成，产生work miracles 创造

3、奇迹You can work miracles with very little money if you follow our home decoration tips.你要是按照我们的家具装饰诀窍形式，可以用很少的前就产生奇妙的效果。(4) vt.管理，经营(以获利)work the land 耕种土地He works a large area in China.他负责中国一个大地区的工作。归纳拓展work at 从事与，致力于 work on 继续工作；从事于 work one ' s wOy!半读 work out 锻炼身体；成功地发展；计算出；理解3. professiona

4、l 用法详解(1) adj.专业的；职业的a professional boxer/footballer 职业拳击手/足球运动员professional conduct 职业道德Most of the people on the course were professional women. 参加本课程的大多数人是职业女性。After he won the amateur championship he turned professional. 他获得业余赛冠军后就专为职业运动员。(2) n.专业人士；职业运动员I need a professional to sort out my fian

5、ces. 我需要专业人士管理我的财务。The professionals played football very well. 这些专业足球运动员踢得棒极了。词语积累profession n. 行业；职业He was an electrician by profession. 他得职业是电工。4. entrance 用法详解(1) n.大门口；入口处；通道，常与介词to或of连用。the entrance to the museum/the museum entrance 博物馆入口处the front entrance of the house 房子的前门A lighthouse marks

6、 the entrance to the harbour. 灯塔是进入海港航道的标注。(2) n.进入；出场；登场make one ' s entranc出场She made her entrance after all the other guests had arrived. 她在其他所有客人都到达后才入场。(3) n.进入权；进入机会，其后常接介词to。gain entrance to 进入The police were unable to gain entrance to the house. 警方怎么也进步了这栋房子。(4) n.入会资格；入学资格a university e

7、ntrance exam 大学入学考试Entrance to universities was restricted. 进入大学资格受到限制。词语积累enter vt. 进入；成为的一员；加入enter a university 考入大学enter for 报名参加5. process 用法详解(1) n.过程；进程in the process of 在 的过程中I ' m afraid getting things changed will be a slow proces微任何改革恐怕都会是个缓慢的过程。We re in the process of selling our hou

8、se我们正在出售自家的住宅。(2) n.步骤，流程It ' s a normal part of the learning process.是学习过程中的正常现象。(3) n.做事方法；工艺流程；工序Building a car is a long process.制造一辆小汽车有很长的工序。(4) vt.加工；处理a meat processing factory 一家肉类加工工厂process the data 处理数据Most of the food we buy is processed in some way. 我们卖的大部分食品都用某种方法加工过。6. go without

9、 用法详解( 1 ) go without 没有 而勉强应付；没有也行， without 是副词。There wasn t time for breakfa， stso I had to go without. 没有时间吃早饭，因此我也只好不吃了。(3) go without (doing) sth.没有(做)某事 而勉强应付；没有做某事 也行，without是介词。It goes without saying that 不言而喻；不用说In primitive times man went without shoes or clothing. 在原始时代，人的都不穿鞋和衣服。She went

10、 without eating for three days. 她三天没吃东西。It goes without saying that he is a good father. 不用说，他是个好父亲。归纳拓展go with 与某物相配go up 被兴建；被建造；价格温度等上涨，上升go to sb./sth. 由 得到；被授予 go through 经历；浏览；检查go over 复习 go off 警报器等突然发出巨响，离开。7 .tellfrom 用法详解tellfrom 把 与 辨别开；区分和 ，不用于进行时或被动语态。Can you tell her from her twin sis

11、ter ？你能将她和她的孪生姐妹分开吗？I can never tell natural silk from artificial. 我不能分辨真丝和人造丝。归纳拓展tell the difference between 分辨出 之间的差别tell apart 区别 /辨别 tell the time 报时 tell the truth 说实话It ' s difficult to tell them apart艮难把他们/它们区分开来。特别注意表示“把 与 辨别开”的短语： distinguishfrom8 .forgive 用法详解( 1 ) vt. 原谅；宽恕(forgave；

12、forgiven )forgive sb./sth.原谅某人/某事forgive sb.for (doing) sth.原谅某人(做)某事I can ' t forgive that type of behaviour不能宽恕那种行为。I ' ll never forgive her for what she di俄绝不会原谅她做的事。Can you forgive me for forgetting your birthday ？你能原谅我忘了你的生日吗？(2) vt.对不起；请原谅，常用于祈使句中，宾语常用me.forgive me (fordoing sth.)原谅我(做

13、某事)forgive my ignorance 原谅我的无知Forgive me, but I don't see that any of this concerns me. 对不起，我就看不出这与我由什么关系。Forgive my interrupting but I really don't agree with that. 请原谅我打岔，不过我确实不同意那一点。(4) vt.(银行，国家等)免除(债务)The government has agreed to forgive a large part of the debt. 政府同意免除一大部分债务。归纳拓展“动词+宾语

14、+for”结构的短语praise sb. for doing因为做而表扬某人punish sb. for doing 因为做而处罚某人excuse sb. for doing因为做而原谅某人thank sb. for doing 因为做而感谢某人词语积累forgiveness n.原谅；宽恕 forgive and forget 不计前嫌9 .考点提炼It+be+过去分词+that从句.11)适用该句型的过去分词主要有：said, reported , announced , hoped , thought, told , believed, expected ,decided , sugge

15、sted, known 等。It is well known that the earth goes around the sun. 众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。It is suggested that the sports meeting (should) be put off until next week. 建议运动会推迟至U下周举行。 注意：该句型的过去分词是suggested, required , recommended , ordered等表示“建议，命令，要求”时，从句谓语应为“(should) +动词原形”。(2)该结构可以转换成“主语 +is said/reported/be

16、lieved+动词不定式”结构。It is reported that an earthquake happened in Sichuan yesterday.An earthquake is reported to happen in Sichuan yesterday.据说昨天四川发生了地震。归纳拓展it做形式主语的句型(1) It+be+名词 +that 从句.适用该句型的名词(词组)有： a pity , an honor, a fact, a surprise , no wonder , one' s dutypIt is a pity that you missed the

17、 sports meeting last week.很遗憾你错过了上周的运动会。It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.英语被公认是一种国际语言，这是事实。(2) It+seems/appears/happens+that 从句.It happened that I had no money on me. 碰巧我身上没带钱。It seems that your plan is more practical.你的计戈U似乎更切实可行。(3) It+动词+that/how/what/wheth

18、er 从句。适用该举行的动词(词组)有： hit, strike, occur to , matter , make a difference 等。It doesn't matter to me what you do or how you do it.你作什么或者怎么做，对我都没有关系。It occurred to me that I had left the door unlocked. 我忽然想起来忘了 锁门了。when引导的定语从句 where引导的定语从句 why引导的定语从句as引导限制性定语从句 time后定语从句的引导词10 .语法专项突破-语法知识图谱关系副词引导的定

19、语从句关系副词和关系代词的判断方法限制性定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句定语从句需要注意的问题定语从句的主谓一致关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词先行词功能when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语whyreason原因状语We will never forget the days when we stayed at that beautiful countryside.我们永远不会忘记在那个美丽乡村待的那些日子。The place where they will go is their hometown.它们要去的地方是它们的故乡，The reason why he

20、was late was that he missed his train.她迟至U的原因是错过了火车。(2)关系副词when, where , why在定语从句中分别做时间，地点，原因状语，且可根据其在句种的搭配关系，转换成相应的“介词+关系代词”的结构。The day will come when = =on which ) we' ll win the final victory我们赢得最后胜利的日子将会到来。We know the place where (=in which)our teacher lives.我们知道老师住的地方。Do you know the reason

21、 why = =for which ) he was so sad?你知道他那么难过的原因吗？I don't like the way that/in which you speak to her.我不喜欢你和她说话的方式。名师点津当先行词为表示抽象的清醒，句式，范围，处境，程度，状态等的词，如situation , stage, point等，且先行词在定语从句中做状语时，常用关系副词where引导。They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经至 U 了 必须分手的地步。特别

22、注意(1)当关系副词 why引导定语从句时， why只可换成介词for+which。(2)当先行词为表示方式的the way且从句中缺少方式状语时，从句不能用how来引导，应用that或inwhich ,或将它们全部省略。关系副词和关系代词的判断方法若是做状语，则关系副词和关系代词的选择是根据先行词在定语是根据先行词在定语从句中做的成分。 用关系副词或“介词+which”；若是做主语或宾语，则用关系代词。1.I ' ll never forget the daysthat/which ) I spent with my teacher.(宾语)我永远忘不了我同老师一起度过的日子。I &

23、#39; ll never forge the days when I played with you.(时间状语)我绝不会忘记和你一起玩耍的日子。2 .The factory t that/which ) we visited yesterday was built last year.(宾语)昨天我们参观的工厂是去年建成的。The factory where he works was built last year.(地点状语)他工作的那家工厂是去年建成的。3 .This is the reason (that/which ) she gave me for doing it.(宾语)这是

24、她将给我做这件事的理由。The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.（原因状语）他拒绝接受邀请的原因十分明了。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词做介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提前到关系代词前，形成“介词+关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which或whom;介词可以依据从句中谓语的搭配，与先行词的搭配或句子意义来确定。Is this the car for which you paid a high price ?这时你花大价钱卖的车吗？(根据从句中pa

25、y的搭配定)This is the camera with which he often takes photos.这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(根据先行词的搭配定)This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。(根据意义搭配来定)特别注意( 1 )有些“动词 +介词”短语，如 look for ， look after ， call on 等不可拆开而把介词置于关系代词之前。( 2)有时候“介词+关系代词”前还会有名词，代词等。The river， the banks

26、of which are covered with trees ， flows to the sea.这条河流入大海，河的两岸种满了树。定语从句中需要注意的问题1 .as 引导限制性定语从句时，常用于下列句式中：such+名词+as像一样的；the same+名词+as和同样的2 .当先行词是time 时，若 time 表示“次数”，应用 that 引导定语从句，并且that 可以省略；若time 表示“一段时间”讲，应用 when 或“ at/during+which ”引导定语从句。This is the second time( that) the president has visit

27、ed the country. 这是这位总统第二次访问这个国家。This is at a time when/during which there were no radios ， no telephones or no TV sets.这是在一个没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视机的时代。3 .定语从句中的主谓一致当关系代词在从句中做主语时，从句中谓语动词的数原则上要与先行词保持一致，但要注意以下几点：先行词是“ one of+复数名词”结构时，关系代词引导的定语从句中的谓语动词一般要用复数形式；但如有the very ， the only ， the first， the last， the

28、 right 等修饰 one 时，谓语动词用单数。This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked. 这是被问过的最有意思的问题之一。She is the only one of the girls who studies hard. 她是这些女孩中唯一一个刻苦学习的。4.stage 表示“阶段”， occasion 表示“场合”，后接的定语从句既可接when 也可接 where。The baby has reached the stage when he can stand up. 婴儿到了能站立的阶段了。P

29、eople typically come to a stage where they re tired of working for other people.人们通常到了一个厌倦为他人工作的阶段。Section31.1 mage 用法详解(1) n.形象；印象；声誉His public image is very different from the real person. 他在公众心目中的形象与他真实的本人截然不同。The advertisements are intended to improve the company这些广告旨在提高公司的形象。 s image.(2) n.(心目中

30、的)形象，概念form an image of sb. 构想出某人的形象I had a mental image of what she would look like. 我心里想象出她的大致模样。(3) n.画像；雕塑；塑像Images of deer and hunters are decorated on the cave walls. 洞穴壁上装饰着鹿和猎人的画像。(4) n.镜像；影像；映像；图像He stared at his own image reflected in the water. 他凝视着自己在水中的倒影。词语积累imagine vt 想象；设想imagination

31、 n. 想象；设想2 .throughout 用法详解(1) prep.各处，遍及They export their products to markets throughout the world. 他们把产品出口到世界各地的市场。(2) prep.自始至终；贯穿整个时期The museum is open daily throughout the year. 这个博物馆一年到头每天都开放。(3) adv.自始至终The ceremony lasted two hours and we had to stand throughout. 仪式惊醒了两个小时，我们自始至终都得站着。归纳拓展all

32、 over/throughout the world 全世界all through 。 Throughout lunch 整个午饭期间3 .part of 用法详解（ 1 ） part of 意为“ 中的一部分”，强调是整体中不可分割的部分。He received part of his education in England. 他有一部分教育是在英国接受的。Part of my bedroom ceiling has fallen in. 我的卧室的天花板有些地方塌下来了。（ 3） part of 意为“ 中的一员”，特别指团队，组织等中的一员。They are devoted to th

33、eir work and I am very excited to be part of the team.它们致力于自己的工作，我为自己成为该团队的成员感到非常兴奋。（ 4） a part of 意为“ 的一部分”， part 前有形容词修饰。Our world is but a small part of the universe. 我们的世界仅仅是宇宙的一小部分而已。Respect is a very important part of any relationship. 尊重是任何关系中都非常重要的部分。归纳拓展in many parts of the world 在世界各地for t

34、he most part 多半；通常in part 部分地；在某种程度上part of the furniture见惯了的人（或东西）词语积累partly adv. 部分地；在某种程度上（ 5） roduce 用法详解（ 1 ） vt. 复制 reproducefrom 用 复制 It is illegal to reproduce these worksheets without permission from the publisher.未经出版者许可翻印这些习题是违法的。Can I reproduce the article form the magazine ？我能否将杂志上的那篇文章

35、复印以下？ 2） vt.再生产；再制造；再现The atmosphere of the novel is successfully reproduced in the movie. 小说的氛围再电影中得到了成功的再现。 3） 3） vi.&vt. 繁殖；生育reproduce by sth./v. -ing 靠 繁殖Most reptiles reproduce by laying eggs on land. 大多数爬行动物通过再陆地产卵进行繁殖。词语积累reproduction n. 繁殖；生育；再生产reproducer n. 复制机；杨声器speech reproducer 谚语

36、扩音器produce vt. 生产特别注意re-前缀表示"再""重新"的意思，如： review vt.review vt.复习，reunion n.团圆，重聚，restart vt.重新开始，reconstruction n. 重建，也可表示“回”或“向后”的意思，如： return vi. 返回， recall vt. 回忆，召回。5.admire 用法详解( 1 ) vt. 钦佩；赞赏；仰慕admire one ' s bravery佩某人的勇气admire sb.for (doing) sth.因(做)某事赞赏/钦佩某人admire sb

37、. as赞赏某人是I admire him for what he has done. 我对他所做的事很钦佩。The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching. 这所学校教学优秀，远近称誉。We admired him as a mathematical genius. 我们称赞他是数学天才。(3) vt.欣赏We took time to stop and admire the view. 我们特意驻足欣赏风景。In China and Japan there are mid -autumn festivals.when peop

38、le admire the moon and five gifts of mooncakes. 再中国和日本都有中秋节，这时，人们会赏月并互赠月饼。词语积累admiration n. 钦佩；羡慕；赞赏admirable adj. 可音配的；值得赞赏的；令人羡慕的6 .further 用法详解（1） adv进一步地；此外，另外Our goal is to further strengthen friendly relations between the two countries.我们的目标是进一步加强两国之间的友好关系。Further， it is important to consider

39、the cost of repairs. 此外，重要的是要考虑修理费用。（2） adj.更远的，较远的（far的比较级）；更多的；进一步的The desk is placed at the further end of the room. 书桌摆在房间里较远的一头。（指距离）His experiments have laid a solid basis for further research.他的实验为进一步研究打下了坚实的基础。（指程度）（3） vt.增进，促进，推动further one ' s studyI want to further my study abroad aft

40、er graduation. 我想毕业以后出国深造。Our visit to your country will certainly further the friendship between our two peoples.我们对贵国的访问必将增进两国人民的友谊。词语积累farther adj.&adv. 更远的（地），指实际距离。farthest adj&adv. 最远的（地）仅指实际距离。furthest adj.&adv. 最远的（地），指实际距离；再最大程度上，指程度。7 .historic 用法详解（1） adj.历史上著名（或重要）的；可名垂青史的A h

41、istoric building/monument 有历史意义的建议/纪念碑historic site 历史遗迹The area is of special historic interest. 这个地区有特别的历史意义。（2） adj.有史时期的in historic times 在有史时期In this new historic times ， mass media and popular culture will play an important role.在这一新的历史时代，大众传媒与大众文化将起举足轻重的作用。词语积累prehistoric adj. 史前的history n. 历

42、史 historical adj. （有关）历史的；历史题材的a historical novel 历史小说8 .generation 用法详解（1） n.（统称）一代人，同代人，同辈人My generation have grown up without the experience of a world war.我这一代人在成长过程中没有经历过世界大战。I often wonder how future generations will assess our efforts.我常常想：后代将怎样评价我们所做出的努力。（3） n.代，一代，一辈（通常认为大约30年）bridge genera

43、tion gap 弥合代购a generation ago 一代人以前the generation to come 未来一代My family have lived in this house for generations. 我家祖祖辈辈都住在这房子里。We like to listen to stories passed down from generation to generation. 我们喜欢听时代相传的故事。That was a generation when girls education was always placed second to boy s那可是一个女性受教育总

44、是排在男性之后的年代。（ generation 后接 when 引导的定语从句）特别注意表示时间的名词，如：occasion场合，times时代，age时代，period时期等，后接 when引导定语从句。9.appreciate 用法详解（ 1 ） vt. （不用于进行时）欣赏；赏识；重视His talents are not fully appreciated in that company. 他的才干在那家公司未受到充分赏识。Her family doesn't appreciate her. 她的家人不重视她。(2) 2) vt 感激；感谢；欢迎，后接表示事物的名词或代词。ap

45、preciate (doing) sth.感激(做)某事1 would appreciate it if you 如果你 我会不胜感激。I would appreciate it if you paid in cash. 假如你支付现金的花，我会不胜感激。We would appreciate you letting us know of any problems. 如果您能告诉我们任何问题，我们将不胜感激。(3) vt.理解；意识到；领会What I failed to appreciate was the distance between the two cities. 我没有意识到这两座

46、城市间的距离。We didn't fully appreciate that he was seriously ill. 我们没有充分认识到他的病情很严重。(4) vi.增值；升值Their investments have appreciated over the years. 这些年来它们的投资已经增值。词语积累appreciation n. 感激；感谢；理解10.opinion 用法详解(1) n.意见；想法；看法，常与介词of, on或about连用，既可用作可数名词，也可用作不可数名词。in one ' s opinion/in the opinion f的见解 be

47、 of the opinion that 相信； 认为In my opinion , it ' s a very sound investm嫌我看， 这是十分可靠的投资。He has always been of the opinion that university students ought to have a wide range of knowledge.他一向主张大学生的知识面要宽一些。(2) n.评价，常与 good, high, bad, low等词连用have a good opinion of 对 评价好The boss has a very high opinio

48、n of her. 老板对她的评价很高。(3) n.舆论，(群体的)观点，信仰，是不可数名词。Public opinion is against it. 舆论反对这件事。特别注意表示“就 而言”的词语： as far asis concerned， from one s point of vie， wpersonally11 .comparison 用法详解(1) n.比较，不可数名词，用于 with搭配。by/in comparison ( with sb./sth. ) (与某人/某物)相比较by comparison (尤用于句首)比较起来，较之Comparison with other

49、 oil -producing countries is extremely interesting.与其他石油生产国做比较是很有意思的。By comparison， expenditure on education increased last year. 相比之下，去年教育经费增加了。(2) n.对比；相比，可数名词，常与介词of, with连用。a comparison of A and/to/with B A 与 B 的比较make/draw a comparisons with the situation in Ireland. 你可以把这种情形与爱尔兰的相比。(3) n.比喻，常与

50、介词to连用。I find the comparison of the heart to a pump is a very common one. 把心脏比作泵是很普通的比喻。词语积累compare vt. 比较；比喻comparewith 把 与 相比较compareto 把 比作when compared to/with 当与 相比较12 .contrast 用法详解(1) n.对比，对照by contrast 对比之下，相反 in contrast to/with 和 形成对比，和对照When you look at their new systems ， ours seems very

51、 old-fashioned by contrast. 当你看一看他们的新系统，对比之下我们的系统就显得很陈旧了。This appears small in contrast to that. 同那个对比，这个显得小了。Black is a contrast to/with white. 黑与白是对立的。 2） n.明显的差异There is a great contrast between good and evil. 善与恶有明显的差别。 3） 3） vt. 对比；对照contrast A and/B 把 A 与 B 对比 /对照The poem contrasts youth and a

52、ge. 这首诗对比了青春与年迈。He contrasted his son with the boy next door. 他将他的儿子与隔壁的男孩比较。13.identify 用法详解（ 1 ） vt. 确认；认出；鉴定identifyby sth. 根据/凭借 辨认出identifyas 认出 是identify oneself 说出 /证明自己的身份Can you identify the man by his picture ？你能根据这个人的照片辨认出他吗?The bodies were identified as two farmers. 尸体被辨认出原是两名农民。（ 2） vt.

53、 认同；理解；同情identify with 认同；与某人产生共鸣；同情She would only play a role if she could identify with the character. 如果她认同这个角色，她就愿扮演。She always identifies with the underdog. 她总是同情弱者。词语积累identification n. 坚定；辨认；确认identity n. 身份特别注意identify with 的同义词组：sympathize with14 .put up 用法详解（ 1 ）建造；搭建；设置put up a building/f

54、ence/memorial/tent 盖楼房 /架篱笆/修纪念碑/搭帐篷Protesters have put up barriers at a number of major crossroads.抗议者们在许多主要的十字路口设置了路障。（ 2）张贴；公告If you want to call a meeting or anything ， put up a notice. 如果你想召开会议或其他事情，你可以出通知。（ 3）为 提供膳宿；留宿；投宿I wanted to know if she could put me up for a few days. 我想知道她能否让我住几天。We p

55、ut up at a motel in the evening. 我们晚间住在一家汽车旅馆。（ 4）推荐；提名The Party hopes to put up more candidates in the next election.归纳拓展put up with 容忍；忍受put out 扑灭；出版put down 写下；放下；镇压put off 推迟；延迟put away 将 收起；把放回原处put forward 提出；推荐put aside 把 放在一边put on 穿上；上演；假装；播放（激光唱片，磁带等）15 .more than 用法详解（ 1 ）超过；多余，后面常接数词。Th

56、is city has a population of more than 1,000,000. 这个城市的人口超过了一百万。特别注意more than one 结构做主语，谓语动词用单数。More than one students has told me about her cheating in the test. 不止一个学生告诉我她测验作弊的事。（ 2）不仅仅，后面接缅茨；其前加nothing ，构成 nothing more than 短语，表示“只不过”含义。China Daily is more than a newspaper ； it keeps us in touch with the world. 中国日报不只是一份报纸，它还让我们与世界保持联系。She wishes to be treated as nothing more than a common girl. 她希望被对待得只不过像一般的女孩子。do more than just+ 动词原形，表示“不仅仅被 ”But we can do more than just bury our heads in textbooks. 但我们不能只埋头苦读课本。（ 3）非常，常修饰形容词，也可以构成“more than a little+ 形容词”结构He was more than ready to ans