Ch.8PlantNutrition

1、P.1of2Ch08 NotesCh. 8 Plant Nutrition & Gaseous Exchange 植物營養和氣體交換（Notes）Gaseous excha nge & respirati on: breathi ng = gaseous excha nge; respirati on = oxidati on.氣體交換與呼吸作用:我們平時說的呼吸，其實是指氣體交換，而呼吸作用是Gaseous exchange in plant 植物的氣體交換:- 發生在:leaf - stomata; stem - lenticel; root - root hairs 葉:

2、氣孑 L ,莖:皮孑 L,根：根毛 -adaptation of leaf 葉片的適應:flat and broad leaf give large surface area for gaseous exchange.扁平而又廣闊的：提供廣大的表面積以利氣體交換 manystomata many opening to allow diffusion of gases in and out of leaf. 很多氣孑 L :容許氣體擴散出入葉片的開口spongy mesophyll has many air spaces allow air to move freely withi n the

3、leaf.海綿葉肉有很多氣室：容許空氣自由地在葉內移動Experiment:1. Pr8.1 Factors因素:_ ; Aim目的:_As we con sider gaseous excha nge in pla nt , we should con sider both photos yn thetic rate & respirati on rate.看植物的氣體交換時，要同時考慮光合作用速率和呼吸作用速率Con clusi on結論:_2. Pr8.2 To measure the rate of photosynthesis by pH sensor of data log

4、ger 用數據機的 pH 感應器來量度光合作用速率。Why photosy nthesis affect pH value?光合作用為何會影響 pH?_ ;When to start reading?何時開始讀取數據 ?_, Why?_Stro ng light in creases the temperature, and affect photos yn thetic rate 強光會增加植物的溫度 ,而影響光合作用 速率,怎辦？_compensation point 補償黑占:point of light intensity, that the rate of photosynthesi

5、s = rate of respiration 是某一個 光強度，在這個光強度之下，光合作用速率等如呼吸作用速率（i.e.二氧化碳（或氧氣）的吸入和放出量相等）3. Pr8.3 Compare the effect of differe nt min eral by a potted pla nt. （each pla nt deficie nt/lack ing one type of mi neral）用盆栽植物比較不同礦物質的作用（每一植物缺乏某一礦物）Keep some factors con sta nt, （eg. type and size of pla nts）: other

6、eg._在實驗中，很多時候要使一些因素保持穩定，（例如：植物的種類和大小）。lack 缺乏nitrate:_ , lack magnesium:_ （deficient culture solution 缺乏培養液）4. Pr8.4 Water culture 水耕法:Why better than using soil ?為何比用泥土（盆栽）好_Cover the flask by black paper/aluminium foil 要用黑紙或錫紙覆蓋載培養液的試管，為什麼？_mineral:硝酸鹽nitrate是使植物生長的（製造蛋白質proteins從而製造新細胞）,缺乏deficie

7、nt chlorosis 萎黃病 鎂mag nesium製造葉綠素va n Helmo nt s exmerit 范黑盟的實驗:Only use soil a nd water to culture pla nts 只以泥土和水來種植植物 :5 lb plant + 200 lb dry soil 169 lb 3 oz plant + 199 lb 14 oz dry soil （last for 5 years 歷時 5 年）-From above information: the“food ” of plant is water. （Tru 從以上資料,植物的 糧食是否泥土 ?_Why?

8、_ ; What is his assumption?他有什麼假設 _;Actual food source of plant 植物的實則食物來源:_P.2of2Ch08 NotesaluminiumrnllChemical fertilizer 化學肥料:artificial, water soluble easily absorbed by plants.人造的、水溶性的，使植物更快吸收-excessive use 過量使用too much nitrogenous substances discharged to stream/sea 太多含氮的東西沖出河流或海洋algal bloom 藻

9、類過量繁殖 absorb large amount of oxygen in water 吸收了水裏大量的氧氣 clear water organism die清水生物死亡 。waterfaaticcdlinqblockpapercult LiresolutionMiningmagnet bumP.1of2Ch08 NotesConceptson Plant nutrition & gaseous exchange 植物營養和氣體交換的概念 -Green plant only carry out photosynthesis in daytime (i.e. with light);

10、respiration occurs both indaytime and at night (i.e. at any time)綠色植物只在白天做光合作用，而呼吸作用卻在白天和夜間(即任何時間)都有進行。-Oxyge n en ters/diffuses into in tercellular space through stomata (NOT from the guard cells) 氧氣由氣孔而不是由保衛細胞擴散入葉片(胞間隙)內。-(a) In very low light intensity, both respiration and photosynthesis occurs.

11、However the photosynthetic rate is muchlower tha n the respiratory rate. There is net release of carb on dioxide from stomata.在低光強度/十分暗淡的光之下，呼吸作用和光合作用兩者都有發生，但是光合作用的速率比呼吸作用的速率更慢；因此二氧化碳有淨流出。（Should compare the rate of photosy nthesis and rate of respirati on 記得比較光合作用的速率和呼吸作用的速率）。(b) Un der a special u

12、nit of light inten sity, the readi ng obta ined (eg. carb on dioxide absorbed is 5 un its). I n fact, thephotos yn thetic rate is much larger tha n 5 un its. (All carb on dioxide produced by respirati on is also used for photos yn thesis).(eg. respirati on produced 2 un its the 5 un its obta ined previously + 2