必修34 Astronomy教学案 2017年高考英语一轮复习资料解析版

1、 .重点单词 A写作单词 1system (n.)系统；体系；制度 2theory (n.)学说；理论 3exist (vi.)生存；存在 4unlike (prep.)与不同；不像 5gentle (adj.)温和的；文雅的 6climate (n.)气候 7pull (n.& vt.)拉(力)；拖；牵引力 8puzzle (vt.& vi.)(使)迷惑；(使)为难；(n.)谜；难题 9violent (adj.)猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 violence (n.)暴力 10harmful (adj.)有害的 harm (n.& vt.)伤害，损害 B阅读单词 11as

2、tronomy (n.)天文学 12atmosphere (n.)大气层；气氛 13fundamental (adj.)基本的；基础的 k.。:Z。xx来源:来源 乘；增加vi.& vt.)14multiply ( thus (adv.)因此；于是15 .)n原子16atom ( 万亿；十亿.& 17billion (npron.& adj.):.来源 18globe (n.)球体；地球仪；地球 19carbon (n.)碳 ,Z,X,X,K科来源学 20chain (n.)链子；连锁；锁链 21oxygen (n.)氧 22gravity (n.)万有引力；重力 23

3、satellite (n.)卫星；人造卫星 24crash (vi.& vt.)碰撞；坠落 25spaceship (n.)宇宙飞船 26exhaust (vt.)用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽 来源:. 27float (vt.& vi.)(使)浮动；(使)漂浮；(n.)漂浮物 28religion (n.)宗教；宗教信仰 religious (adj.)宗教的 29biology (n.)生物学 biologist (n.)生物学家 30physicist (n.)物理学家 physics (n.)物理学 31extinct (adj.)灭绝的；绝种的 extinction (n.

4、)灭绝 .重点短语 1solar system太阳系 2in time及时；终于 3give birth to产生；分娩 4in one's turn轮到某人 5prevent.from阻止；制止 6block out挡住(光线) 7cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋 8now that既然 :Z+xx+k.来源 9get the hang of熟悉；掌握；理解 10break out突发；爆发 11watch out for密切注意；当心；提防 .经典句式 1What it was to bee was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 bill

5、ion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. 随后它会变成什么没有人知道，直到4538亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。 2This produces a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop. 这产生了连锁反应，使得生命的发展成为可能。 3But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. 但是

6、当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，并且摔倒在地。 4.walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. 既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。 :来源 1. harmful adj.有害的；造成损害的 对有害 n.& vt.伤害；损害 do sb.harmdo harm to sb.伤害某人；对某人有害 There is no harm in doing.做没有害处。 【例1】 (1)The drought was harmful to the crops. 这

7、场干旱对农作物有危害。 (2)Fruit juice can do harm to children's teeth. 果汁可能会损害儿童的牙齿。 【变式探究】(1)单句语法填空 Don't believe him.No harm has been done(do) to him ever since. As second-hand smoking is more harmful(harm) and dangerous，people want a total ban against smoking in public. They don't usually employ

8、 untrained workers，but there's no harm in trying(try) your fortune. (2)一句多译 如果使用不当，这种药物会对你造成伤害。 If used improperly，the medicine will do/cause harm to you/do you harm.(harm n) If used improperly，the medicine will be harmful to you.(harmful) (3)单句改错 His film was a plete failure，and this did his re

9、putation a lot of harms.harmsharm k.xx:Z来源。 l isdoes/harmharmfuIt is more harm than good. 2. exist 存在；在于vi. 之中存在于 为生靠exist on There exists/existed.某地有；存在 n.存在；生存 e into existence产生；成立；开始存在 in existence存在 adj.目前的，现存的 【例2】 (1)The custom of arranged marriages still exists in many countries. 许多国家仍然存在着包办

10、婚姻的习俗。 (2)They can't exist on the money he's earning. 他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。 (3)Nowadays，there are still many people wondering when the earth came into existence. 现在仍有许多人想知道，地球是何时产生的。 【变式探究】(1)单句语法填空 There exists a good way to solve the existing(exist) problem in geography. +Z+X+X+K科学来源+ This is t

11、he oldest Hebrew manuscript in existence(exist) 单句改错(2) ItThereIt existed different opinions on this question. . puzzle vt.& vi使迷惑；使为难；n谜；难题.3. 苦思冥想；绞尽脑汁 不知如何是好对 adj.adj令人迷惑的困惑的；感到迷惑的 be puzzled about对迷惑不解olve the environmental problem. (1)These scientists have been puzzling about how to s 3【例】

12、这些科学家一直苦思如何解决这个环境问题。 as to what to do next. in a puzzle(2)I'm 对于下一步该做什么我不知道。 单句语法填空【变式探究】(1)Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me. He had a puzzled(puzzle) look on his face. which even puzzle all the artists.(puzzle) His last paintings are perhaps the most puzzling， (2)一句多译|科来源学 消防员对

13、这场火灾的起因困惑不解。The firemen were in a puzzle about the cause of the fire.(puzzle n) The firemen were puzzled about the cause of the fire. (puzzled adj.) eventually；迟早；合拍4. in time 及时；终于 (1)in time的高级词汇为early or late，sooner or later(迟早)；(2)at no time位于句首倒装 on time准时；按时 in no time立即，马上 at no time决不 at a t

14、ime一次 at one time曾经；一度 【例4】 (1)Brian usually gets home in time to bath the children. 布赖恩通常会及时赶回家给孩子们洗澡。 (2)If you can't arrive there on time，you should warn them. 如果你不能按时到达，应该预先通知他们。 (3)We'll do up your car in no time at all. 我们很快就能把你的汽车修好。 【变式探究】(1)写出下列句子中in time的汉语意思 Andy knew he could not

15、 reach the house in time.及时 You'll succeed in time because you are always working hard.迟早 The marchers kept in time with the band.合拍 (2)用time的相关短语填空 At no time did I feel they were being unreasonable. I want to be home in time for tea. You'd better do one thing at a time，so that you can conc

16、entrate on it. At one time，that kind of thing would have made me really angry. 5. cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋 交际用语中的用法 使某人高兴 cheer.on为加油 高兴的；快乐的.adj ！干杯！ You're bound to succeed.Cheer up！【例5】 (1) 打起精神来！你一定会成功的。 and jolly.(2)Paddy was always cheerful,科来源学 帕迪总是很高兴，很开心。With our coffee cups for our future! ！(

17、3)Cheers 以咖啡代酒，为我们的未来干杯吧！ 给玛丽打个电话，她需要人安慰。【变式探究】(1)she needs cheering up. Give Mary a call； (2)当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事让我高兴起来。my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up. When I'm feeling sad， (3)我们所做的一切都是为了给我们队加油。What we had done was to cheer our team on. ；产卵v.放置；搁；下蛋6. lay &&科来源学 【词义辨析

18、】 过去式意义 动词原形 现在分词过去分词 lying lied lie lied 说谎lying lain lie lay 躺；卧；位于laying laid lay laid 产卵放置；【例6】用lay，lie的正确形式填空 (1)The boy lied that the white hen had laid a black egg and that he had laid it in the box which was lying under this bed. (2)Mothers routinely lay babies on their backs to sleep. 7. pu

19、ll n.& vt.拉力；牵引力 【例7】短语填空 pull up，pull on，pull down，pull in，pull through(1)The train from London will pull in at noon. (2)The cinema she used to visit had been pulled down. pulled up at the traffic lights. (3)The driver (4)He is still quite sick，but the doctor is sure he will pull through. (5)I

20、pulled on my running shoes and stepped into the street. 8. prevent.from.阻止；抑制；制止 【例8】(1)单句语法填空 Nothing would prevent him from speaking(speak) out against injustice. The laws protect everyone here from being attacked(attack) (2)单句改错 He was prevented by illness ing to our birthday party.illness后加from

21、To keep warm，he kept the fire from burning all the night.去掉from 9. They were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earth's atmosphere.,最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。 句型公式：be to do be to do有五层意义： 表示预定，意为“预定”，相当于be going to do。 表示义务，意为

22、“应该”，相当于should。 表示可能，意为“会做”，相当于can/could。 表示命运，意为“注定通常用于过去时，描述过去的事实。 用于if.were to do，引导对将来的虚拟语气。 【例9】 (1)He is to return from Germany tomorrow. 他明天将从德国回来。 (2)You are to be back by 9 o'clock. 你要在9点以前回家。 【变式探究】(1)完成句子 你什么时候回家？ When are you to leave for home? 她将于下个月结婚。 She is to be married next mon

23、th. 你应该报警。You are to report to the police. (2)单句改错 If he was to play every game，maybe he could be one of the best players in the world.waswere 10.I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。 句型公式：倍数表达法 倍数的表达方式：倍数as.as. 倍数比较级than 倍数the size/height/

24、length/width.of. 倍数what从句倍数that of. 【例10】 (1)The plane flew ten times as high as the kite. 那架飞机的飞行高度是那只风筝的十倍。 (2)Beijing is ten times the size of my hometown. 北京是我家乡的十倍大。 (3)In our county now the grain output is six times that of before liberation. 现在我们县的粮食产量相当于解放前的六倍。 【变式探究】(1)同义句改写 The red ruler i

25、s three times as long as the yellow one. The red ruler is twice longer than the yellow one.(用“倍数比较级”改写) The red ruler is three times the length of the yellow one.(用“倍数then.of.”改写) (2)It's said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was(以前的两倍大) 11.“Oh dear，” I cried，“walking does n

26、eed a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“天啊，”我大声地说，“既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习。” 句型公式：now that引导原因状语从句 now that既然，由于，是连词词组，引导原因状语从句，表示明显的原因或既成的事实。口语中that常可省略。,其他表示原因的连词或介词短语： 因为语气较重，常用于回答why的疑问 因为；既然可与now that互换 语气较弱因为 因为并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首，表示进一步补充说明 :来源 等，owing to，thanks to，as a result of，becaus

27、e of，on account of we can tell everyone else. ，】 (1)Now that the children have known the result11【例 既然孩子们已经知道结果了，我们就可以告诉其他人了。 we've no money we can't buy a new car.(2)Since 因为我们没钱，没法买新汽车。 【变式探究】(1)单句语法填空why not have a drink? Since you're here， I shall go home now. Since it is late， The s

28、chool was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too large. It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet. (2)单句改错 He was angry because what he said.because后加of .语境填词 1Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful(有害的) as well.(2015·江苏) 2The debate between

29、science and religion(宗教) continues to be heated.(2013·陕西) 3When we were in the middle of the lake，a strong wind came all of a sudden.The boat was hit violently(猛 烈地)(2011·重庆) 4This hidden system(系统) works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons(神经元) in our brains.(2014·辽宁) 5S

30、ome experts think reading is the fundamental(基本的) skill upon which school education depends.(2015·安徽) .单句语法填空 1If we had taken the other road，we might have arrived(arrive) here in time for the meeting.(2010·陕西) 2This morning，when I was walking on the street，I saw that two travelers were re

31、ading a map，looking puzzled(puzzle)(2012·北京) 3True creativity is the ability to take something existing(exist) and create something new from it.(2014·新课 标全国) China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from 4) being attacked(attack

32、) in the South China Sea.(2012·福建 天，my mother gently(gentle) asked me a question I would never forget.(2014·One night，when I was eight5 ) 津their by to be cheered(cheer) going are to tour around the city 6If they win the final tonight，the team ) 浙江enthusiastic supporters.(2011·) 湖南Befo

33、re a problem can be solved，it must be obvious what the problem itself is.(2011·7 ) 江西lagers have already known what we'll do is to rebuild the bridge.(2011·8The vil ) 新课标全国Mrs.White showed her students some old maps borrowed(borrow) from the library.(2010·9 ) 湖南Listening(listen) t

34、o loud music at rock concerts has caused hearing loss in some teenagers.(2010·10 短语填空.watch out for，break out，cheer up，block out，prevent .from，in time 1The destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.(2015·陕 西) 2So we went over to the flowe

35、r seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up.(2014·福建) 3In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease.(2011·重庆) 4We arrived in the summer，just in time to enjoy the midnight sun.(2014·四川) 5When the news c

36、ame that the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army.(2011·辽宁) 6Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists，and always use your lights in dark conditions.(2012·天津) .完成句子 1因为Suzie不与我们一起吃饭，所以我们没必要买这么多食物。 We needn't have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for din

37、ner.(2012·江西) 2正在为下一届亚运会建的新体育馆是现在的体育馆的3倍大。 The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big as the present one.(2011·陕 西) 3某些人看作是障碍的东西却被很多人看作是有利的情况或因素。 What some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.(2010·北京) 4两年后，父亲开始创业，但进展不是很顺利。

38、 Two years later，Dad started his own business，which wasn't doing so well.(2015·陕西) 5她和她的研究小组想知道互联是如何改变记忆的。 She and her research team wanted to know how the Internet is changing memory.(2015·安徽) .阅读理解 A SIGN YOUR CHILD UP FOR “FLY TO THE MOON CLUB” * FLIGHT TO ANY DESTINATION IN ASIA! A

39、ND ENJOY A FREEY TO THE ，children under the age of 12 can join Eagle Airways' FLWith a registration fee of just $50 per childMOON CLUB as members. 797 to any destination in the They can then enjoy the same benefits onboard Eagle Airways' newest Boeing-world! BENEFITS YOU CAN'T MISS! ?A f

40、ree* flight to any destination in Asiarse at Tanya Language School ?30% off any cou ?20% off any purchase made at Ruby Bookstoreabove $50 at Starlight Stationery ?A free notebook with every purchase for a family of four at Don's Diners with every set dinner ordered ?A free bowl of dessert n your

41、 child's birthday ?A birthday gift o ?A free album containing pictures taken during the journey*Insurance is ！All bookings made before 12 September will receive free travel insurance for the entire family issued by Live Life Insurance Group. 10% OFF ALL BOOKINGS for departures from 5 to 11 Septe

42、mber 2015 *Child must be acpanied by two paying adults. *Terms and conditions apply. 广告主要介绍加入俱乐部后成”招募成员，“文章大意：这是一则广告，航空公司成立的飞向月球俱乐部 员及家长可以享受的优惠政策。One of the benefits mentioned in the advertisement is _. 1a free flight to any destination in the world A30% off any book purchased at Ruby Bookstore BCa

43、free bowl of dessert at any restaurant at the airport Da discount on any course at Tanya Language School 答案：D 细节理解题。根据30% off any course at Tanya Language School可知D项正确。 2Which of the following bookings may receive the most benefits？ A. Booking date Departure date September 18 September 13 B. Departu

44、re date Booking date September 12 September 2 C. Departure dateBooking date September 4 August 15 D. Departure dateBooking date September 8 August 16 :Z&xx&k.来源 3Which of the following is TRUE according to the advertisement? AYou need to pay $50 to sign up a child for the club. BClub members

45、 enjoy free travel insurance for any flight. CThe advertisement is intended for students of all ages. DAny child must be acpanied by at least one paying adult. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据文中All bookings made before 12 September will receive free travel insurance. 可知，并不是所有的航程都享受免费保险服务，故排除B项；由首段的第一句话可知该俱乐部是针对12岁以下儿童

46、的，故排除C项；根据文中最后的备注Child must be acpanied by two paying adults.可知D项 项。A对应，故选registration与首段第一句话中的sign up项中的A错误。B Washington: NASA has announced evidence that Jupiter's largest moon, Ganymede, has a saltwater ocean under its icy surface. The ocean seems to have more water than all the water on Eart

47、h's surface, according to new Hubble observation. New Hubble observations of Ganymede's magnetic field strongly suggest that the moon, which is the largest in our whole solar system, is home to a subsurface ocean. Scientists estimate the ocean is 95 kilometres thick, which is about 10 times

48、deeper than Earth's oceans. But unlike our salty waters, Ganymede's ocean is buried under 150 kilometres of ice. While scientists have speculated(推测) since 1970s about the presence of an ocean on Ganymedethe largest moon in our solar systemuntil now the only observational evidence came from

49、a brief flyby by the Galileo spacecraft, which didn't observe the moon long enough to confirm a liquid ocean. This discovery marks an important milestone, highlighting what only Hubble can acplish. In its 25 years in orbit, Hubble has made many scientific discoveries in our own solar system. A d

50、eep ocean under the icy surface of Ganymede opens up further exciting possibilities for life beyond Earth. Scientists_have_already_confirmed_the_existence_of_an_ocean_on_Europe,_another moon orbiting Jupiter, and NASA has announced plans to send an unmanned mission there searching for the life that

51、might e with liquid water. Hubble is a telescope that orbits Earth, but because of its impressive gravitational analyses it can be used to study the inside of far distant planets. Using these same principles, scientists could theoretically detect oceans on distant planets as well. 文章大意：这是一篇关于天文知识的新闻

52、报道。科学家们通过Hubble望远镜判断在木星上发现海洋的存在，人们期待更多的地球以外的生命存在。 4What can we learn about the Ganymede from the passage? AIt is a planet with the largest moon in our whole solar system. BIts ocean adds to people's excitement about life beyond Earth. CIt will be used by NASA as a base for the Hubble telescope.

53、DIts liquid ocean was first proved by the Galileo spacecraft. 5Which of the following best describes the writer's attitude towards Hubble? ACautious. BDoubtful. DNegative. Favourable. C 6What does the underlined part in Paragraph 6 mean? AAn underground ocean has been found in Europe. BThe prese

54、nce of an underground ocean in Europe is not possible. CIt is now certain that there is an ocean on Europe. DNo evidence has shown the existence of an ocean on Europe. 答案：C 句意猜测题。通过横线句子中的“confirmed the existence” 和“NASA has announced plans to send an unmanned mission there searching for the life tha

55、t might e with liquid water.”可知欧洲上空可能有海洋是确定的。故选C。 7What type of writing does this passage belong to? AA term essay. BA news report. CAn experiment report. DAn exploration review. 来源:答案：B 推理判断题。A term essay一个学期论文；A news report一个新闻报道；An experiment report 一个实验报告；An exploration review一个探索评论。通过第一段“Washin

56、gton: NASA has announced evidence.”格式及文章内容可知。故选B。 .七选五 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。 A great number of people can get injured or even killed resulting from a human stampede (踩踏)The bad thing is that a peaceful group of people can quickly turn into a crazy panicked crowd. _1_ If you are in a crowd, the most important thing is to make yourself familiar with your surroundings and mentally notice the exits. No matter where you are make sure you always know how to get out. _2_ If you are in a crowd of moving people, wet or uneven ground can be slippery or dangerous, causing you to