3汉英对比与翻译技巧探索.

1、这课上得好枯燥，不给力呀！” . “这BOSS宾给力啊！” . “这装备真给力 啊！”乂如：“这个动画太给力 了！ ”。uBeing smart, acrid, alternately sharpand sentimental, Jackie Peyton iscompelled to make sense of the chaosand to level the playing field whenevershe can. There s a forcefulness to thecharacter.”“聪明IL尖刻， 时而严肃冷酷， 时而多愁 善感；栓诸多复杂悄况面前,杰基佩顿 不得不保持

2、活醒，能屈能伸。这是个十 分给力的角色。”How fantastic, cool, awesome etc. strong,powerful, cool, awesome, etc第三课:译技巧探索这孩子看着真给21翻译的本质翻译中的语感与思维O语感决定了对语言理解和表达的质鼠。一个合格的译者必须有良好的双 语语感。O也舜石旨方法而言，决疋了能否有效.快速地进行双语间的语言形式的 转换。O语感的車点是感，是人啟的听、读屮培养出來的。思维的車点是思，是 经过归纳、分析所总结体会出来的理性的规律。O语感的培养与灵活的翻译思维相4促进，人量阅读.接触会促进思维的 尺活度，使语言转换更容易、仃效，也就

3、是说能够翻译的更加地道。而 思维的训练，以及対思维并异的关注，能增强刈语言的接受度.仃效度 的把握。语感仃思维关照卜的翻译可以如此界定：翻单以出牌为折导，诈个0的语吉形式（5 型、结构、音说顺岸：了荷址再猜看歹槪來）竹必换 屮所体现出来的思维适劲。这种思维活动在对语感的要求般时是冇规 彳b命裾的二购加婁强时（如对诗歌的翻译）则石耍犬才的尺感。从语育形式的转换屮，町以得；译者的风格。也町以根据语筈的差界鉴 別译作的接受效來。对英汉语來说，能够体现英汉思维并异的转换往往 史忠实，也史地道。因为它们更迫近读者的语感。相反，那些语占形式 相近，体现不出两种语書间差异的转换往往是劣译，要么是总义冗杂、

4、孑炳的洋泾浜，要么是难以理解的天书。 源语语感源语语言形式思维0译入语语感译入语语言形式o The District of Chu is enclosed all around by hills, of whichthose in the southwest boast the most lovely forests anddales.o The prefecture of Chu is surrounded with hills on all sides.The wooded ravines of the south-west peaks areparticularly beautiful.

5、o Chu Zhou is surro un ded with moun tai ns. The forestsand valleys on the southwest ridge are especiallybeautiful.o Surroundi ng Chu Prefecture are all moun tai ns. Thosestanding in the southwest with wooded peaks and valfeysare the most sublime.o The district of Chu is entirely surrounded by hills

6、, and thepeaks to the south-west are clothed with a dense andbeautiful growth of trees.讨论：下列句子是如何产生意义的？O漫漫人生路，总会错儿步。O我年轻过，你们呢，老过么？o If we can only encounter each other rather than stay witheach other,then I wish we had never encountered .o Fadi ng is true while flowed ng is pasto何为语言的形式?语言的形式即语言的存在耍

7、素。即包括 语言的声音、节奏；语言的结构、言说顺序.句型.常用 词组；选诃、常用诃组、词语的使用习惯及文化意义等一 系列的形式耍素。 它们会通过语感对读者产生意义。环滁皆山语言形式的对比与转化对于一个在北平住惯的U1J.是奇迹凹31 :济南的冬犬丸没冇风声的。UJ4核箋冬天要能看得见口光，便觉彳桃程 响睛的U引。；_ _工一反仃点川人害怕 可是;在北中国的蓉天;而能有温睛的夭气03济 南真得算个宝地。For someone like me who is used to living in Beiping, a winter without anywind is a bit of a mirac

8、le. Well, one never hears any whistling winter winds inJinan. For someone like me who has just returnid from London, sunshine inthe winter seems quite unusual. Well, Jinan has bright sunny win terweather. I know that in tropical regions, the blazing sun and the perpetualharsh glare can be intimidati

9、ng, but here in north China, a mild sunny win terseason is a boon that makes Jinan a very special place indeed.LU4定语定语从句IJU2J句子成分：动态静态IU31A bit of miracle奠番中仃些今人，所靖訪IILMJ添加主one活楚、生动：“风声 通过动词hear体现。U5换形容词：9询一句简化为成分有关。多简 化LLQ形容词拆译申成分化。“毒”字拆译。响亮的犬气系原文重 复厂做省略。U8W化：“温晴拆译人，像我，冬人要是不刮风U21 ,便觉得 一二对丁木刚甫伦敦回来 八

10、-“口_一 亠宀怪事IU51：济南的冬大是 在热带的地方，口光是永远那么毒，芍競的大气LUZJ，一 .一zriIQI的人,O徐霞客一生U：L周游考察U2J r |/个省，足迹儿乎遍及U3全国。o During his life time, Xu Xiake (1586-1641) visited 16 provinces,leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country.o U1J状语询置U2动词分析.整合UJ3动词调韵，上语一致O他在考察的过程中国，从來不肓门迷信书本上的结论ua。o He never completel

11、y depended on books to guide him in his tours, norblindly accepted the conclusions given thereln.o U4状if汀m动诃拆分o他发现询人研究的地理的记僦U6有许多不很可靠的地方U7。o As a resultU8, he found many Inaccuracies In the travel notes writtenby his predecessors.o U6J词整合IU21名词整合皿1添加连词为了进行貞实细致的ruii察lyzi，他很少乘乍坐船比3】，儿乎全靠双脚(U4翻III越岭ju5

12、汽矗跋师J6：为弄清人IMOA 相包7,他总 見挑处道路艰的山区，人迹稀歩的森林进行考察Up,发现了许多奇ill秀M1U91 :他常常选择不同的时间和乍节U101 .技茨本游U11地名山， 反魏紧变换的奇景。In order to get a detailed and truthful picture of the places he visited,he seldom travelled by cart or boat. He would walk across hills anddales, and trudge long distances, and to find out the tr

13、ue features of thegreat world of nature, he would venture far out into mountainous areas withthe most treacherous trails and into jungles seldom visited by humanbeings. The reward for his work was the discovery of many fantasticallybeautiful scenesFamous mountains in various places would find himcom

14、ing back for revisits during different seasons. There he was, marvelingat the kaleidoscopic spectacles during the different hours of the day.丄ZT进行考察”较模糊，化为更清晰的get a picture of theplacesne visited.U?”诡巫”改刃travelled byU47J环清晰， 英语力麼稍弱U5汉语巫戏氓郎习语U6对丿卫的动词 e 丿罗輛 真相”汉语习惯用法； 数视負体语境变化屈此恤我换了 种i糊迤1拆句U10时间状il U1

15、11汉语中匸语“他”不断出现。此处为避免董寰 改用无生命主语。U11形)r tne places英语力压稍弱规律总结O简化：小句变成分。成分弱化O汉语中的形容词与英文中差异较大， 处理时须考 虑所修饰的词 CO汉语中的词有时模糊；须添加或作说明。O汉语中的重复在英语中可以省略掉。O动词须根据其意义、功能、搭配等重新选择：动 词转化为其他词性O句型要有变化，不能单一。O名词需要整合，清晰化。O添加连词。形容词的翻译。 试译：O 1.瑕新的消息是不川停播，但要改走温情路线。o The latest rumor is that they do not need to be taken off the

16、 air, but they doneed to make the arc of the prog ram more wholesome.o 2.旅客似乎是十分轻松的人，实际上却相当辛苦。o Light-hearted as he seemsza traveler is in fact under great stress.o 3旅客故可怕的噩梦，是钱和证件-起遗火，沦为来历不明的么丐。o He faces the most horrible possibility of losing his money and credentials,which will reduce himself to

17、 a pauper of unknown background.o 4从四班牙南端一直旅行到英国的北端，我经历了齐样的气候，已 经到了寒幹不侵的境界。（境界一词是虚的，汉语中是为了配合“寒 爭不侵”而存在的）o I ve traveled all the way from the southern tip of Spain to the northern tip ofEngland, experiencing a variety of climates until i ve become apatheticto tne elements.杂论：对丁形容词的翻译而言，译者应坚持 最小的对应原则（

18、不将它作为形容词，而是 意义的补充，意义的一种呈现形式），即避 开一对一的对应。因为英汉形容词在构成、用法方血存在较大差异。位置应有变化，构 成应右变化。最大对应不仅会给忠实带来阻 力，还会影响句子的流畅和自然。翻译方法?O翻译方法即译者在语言形式转换过程中采 取的策略。O所有的翻译方法，其目的都是使译文的意 义清晰、简洁、与原文的意义对等。或者 说达到最佳关联，即让读者花费最小的努 力达到最好的理解效果。词语的翻译方法：直译和意译O芦笛岩桂林最粘:彩的岩洞。（直译）o Reed Flute Cave is the most mag n if ice nt of all in Guilin.o

19、在衣村，特別足比鮫偏僻落丿可KJ农村，还残存着少数包办买卖婚 械餡陋习。億译,传达匕要幡神）o In China s more remote and backward rural areas, corrupt practicesexist in the form of forced marriageso在那里，古树摇曳春秋，山花自谢自开，植被茸茸生烟（总 译，从内容入手）o Aged trees wave the seasons by, amid carpets of wild flowers andthick green vegetation.o天气这样闷，十之八九要下雨。（意译，借用）o

20、With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it ll rain presently翻译中的假朋友:o新闻照片：news photo, press photoo扌艮纸中的标题：title, headings, headlineo列车中的慢车：slow train, local traino特快列车：limited expresso白酒:white wine（白葡萄酒）spirits/liquoro干货：dry goods（纺织品）,dried food and nuts（as merchandise）o红眼：red eye（廉价威士忌酒）

21、，to be green- eyed句子的翻译方法:o主语的确定：O热烈欢迎吐界各地客商来此进一步加强合作， 建&和发展 蛮易关素。o Customers from various countries and regions arewarmly welcome to establish and develop busi nesscon tacts.o她从來没想到他是个不诚实的人。o It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man.o下倾盆大雨了。o It is raining cats and dogs.o我们的事业从胜利走向胜

22、利。o We have won one victory after another for our cause.o确定主语的原则o必须符介英语的语言习惯和英美等国的文化习俗;o必须符合英美人的思维方式o必须是旬子中应该突出的信息。必须符合句中的逻辑关系。在篇章翻译中，必须符合上下文行文的需耍。谓语的选择:O这次旅游可选择的地方有北京.上海或西安。o The tour will in elude Beiji ng, Sha nghai and Xia n.o在这次讲座中，我们学到了许多美国丿力史方而的知识。o We obtained much knowledge of American hist

23、ory fromthe lecture.o第二天早晨，她腋下挟着几本书回来了。o The next morning, she came back with some booksunder her arm.O须符合逻辑，与主语一致，与宾语搭配；只有一个主要动 词。语序的调整:O到场的*宾中还有一些外宾。o The guests prese nt in eluded some foreig n visitors, o 7月24日， 河南省洛阳市栾川汤营伊河大桥被洪水冲玲o On July 24,a bridge was overtaken by flood waters in Henan Prov

24、incenear the city of Luoyang.o然而，除次II洛卩III很发衣了该县领导给上级部门的 一封找不到责任人的“桁讨”Z外，氏至7丿J26I I屮央电 视台作出详细报道Z前，从河南省内媒体上鲜闻垮桥。o CCTV gave detailed reports for two days straight andthere was one article in Luoyang Daily that day thatsaid county officials reported to their superiors thatthey could not find the self

25、criticism” of the personresponsible. Besides this, all we heard from Henanmedia was about the safety of bridges.汉译英翻译中的一些难点:所谓难点，即在转化过程中容易造成意义的部分或全 部丢失。其中垃常见的当属含仃文化意义.需要较高 语境的字词，如成语.典故等。一般的翻译方法是通 过解释进行补偿。另外还有一些特殊的语言形式，其 所体现的意味是独仃的，比如双关语.诗歌中的重复、 押韵等修辞。其他的，都可以通过形式的转化实现意义的对等。对汉语用词模糊性的处理O你对两德统一后目前的状况满意吗

26、？（“状况”汉语特殊虚词）o Are you satisfied with how things are for themfull today?o经常能得到偏于消极的结果（“偏于消极”简化）o have often gottennegativeu2J results.鈔鑽浮馥躺撕肺rv（“实行的是殖民资本主o that East Germany today is a capitalist colonyu3.o德国人的冷静就表现得愈叨显，而批判性愈强（“冷静愈明显”简化）（“批判彳不必要的人词，简化）o Germans have grown cooleru41 and their critici

27、smu5 has grown str on gero垂一个已经罢興了市劭绣二；冀帀離一.人员自由流动的欧洲范畴対 圭权国家fu6ak大夭崩屁。（“实现亞畴”“国家” 这种上位词或著同仓词被省略，悶其虚义）（“实现” 一词在英译 时仃很强的干扰性，去抻。将堆砌而成的名词拆分，用动宾结构取 代。）（“主权国家”）o In a Europe that has already unified its markets and trade, and given freedomof movement to workersJu71 the sovereigntyu8J of states has beenla

28、rgely weakened.O对汉语成语.习语的处理O曾经的西徳人则抱怨被拖了后腿o those from the west complain theyve been set back,o柏林墙倒塌以及IH然而然侶成的两彼统一o the near spontaneous reunification after the fall of the BerlinWallo徳国早已痛定JM痛o Germany has learned from painful experienee early on o对汉语名词堆砌，重排比性的处理O一此知名的文化人士、艺术名流o various cultural and artistic figureso汉语中较难翻译的形容词处理o经过两次吐界人战洗礼的ul欧洲，（冗长的形容性修饰语转为从句）o in a Europe that has gone through the baptism of two worldwars.o但却C经失去了往Fl的神圣的光环。（“往Fl的神条的光环”汉语中形容词的累积。“往FI的”拿出來后的修补）o but they have los