中国功夫(英文分享版)

1、Chinese Martial ArtsKung FuThe Origin of kung fu The earliest references to Chinese martial arts are found in the Spring and Autumn Annals春秋时期春秋时期 (5th century BCE), where a hand to hand combat theory, including the integration of notions of “hard”andsoft” techniques, is mentioned. A combat wrestlin

2、g摔跤摔跤 system called jul or jiol (角力) is mentioned in the Classic of Rites(1st century BCE). This combat system included techniques such as strikes, throws, joint manipulation, and pressure point attacks. Jiao Di became a sport during the Qin Dynasty (221207 BCE). The Han History Bibliographies参考文献参考

3、文献 record that, by the Former Han(206 BCE 8 CE), there was a distinction between no-holds-barred没有任何限制的没有任何限制的 weaponless fighting, which it calls shub (手搏), for which how-to manuals手册，指南手册，指南 had already been written, and sportive wrestling, then known as jul (角力). Wrestling is also documented in t

4、he Sh J史记史记 , Records of the Grand Historian, written by Sima Qian (ca. 100 BCE). In the Tang Dynasty, descriptions of sword dances were immortalized in poems by Li Bai. The modern concepts of wushu were fully developed by the Ming and Qing dynasties. The ideas associated with Chinese martial arts c

5、hanged with the evolution of Chinese society and over time acquired some philosophical bases: Passages in the Zhuangzi(庄子), a Daoist text, pertain to关于；关于；从属于 the psychology and practice of martial arts. Zhuangzi, its eponymous使得名的 author, is believed to have lived in the 4th century BCE. The Tao Te

6、 Ching道德经道德经 , often credited to归功于 Lao Zi, is another Daoist text that contains principles applicable to martial arts. According to one of the classic texts of Confucianism, Zhou Li (周禮/周礼), Archery箭术 and charioteering were part of the “six arts” (simplified Chinese:六艺including rites, music, callig

7、raphy书法 and mathematics) of the Zhou Dynasty(1122256 BCE). The Art of War(孫子兵法), written during the 6th century BCE by Sun Tzu (孫子), deals directly with military warfare but contains ideas that are used in the Chinese martial arts. Philosophical （哲学）（哲学）influencesDaoist practitioners have been pract

8、icing Tao Yin套印, physical exercises similar to Qigong that was one of the progenitors to Tai Chi Chuan, from at least as early as 500 BCE. In 3992 CE, “Six Chapters of Hand Fighting”, were included in the Han Shu (history of the Former Han Dynasty) written by Pan Ku. Also, the noted physician, Hua T

9、uo, composed the “Five Animals Play”五禽戏tiger, deer, monkey, bear, and bird, around 220 BCE. Daoist philosophy and their approach to health and exercise have influenced the Chinese martial arts to a certain extent. Direct reference to Daoist concepts can be found in such styles as the Eight Immortals

10、 which uses fighting techniques that are attributed to the characteristics of each immortal.Shaolin Quan is one of Chinas most well-known traditional styles of Wushu. It was named from the Shaolin Monasterymnstri , an important center in the development of Chinese martial arts. The monastery is situ

11、ated in Henan Province, thirteen kilometers northwest of Dengfen County town at the western foot of Mt. Songshan. Shaolin Kung FuThe name Shaolin comes from the fact that the monastery is nestled in the woods below the shady northern slope of Shaoshi Peak少室山少室山 . Shaolin Monastery was built in 495 u

12、nder the patronage of在庇护下 Emperor Xiaowen (reigned 471-500) of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Historical material suggests that almost immediately after its founding, self-defence or some other form of physical training was part of life in the monastery. By the end of the Sui Dynasty (581-618), the outst

13、anding combat skills of the Shaolin monks became well known. According to records, the wushu practised at the monastery in different periods was varied in style and content. Among the unarmed combat styles were those resembling the fast and agile dail Chang Quan. Others were powerful, like Nan Quan,

14、 or emphasized the use of will and mind as well as breathing like Xingyi Quan (Will-Mind Boxing) and Rou Quan柔拳柔拳 (Soft Boxing); still others imitated animal movements like Luohan Quan (Arhat Boxing) and Hou Quan (Monkey Boxing). Shaolin staff skills were especially famous, although all the eighteen

15、 military weapons were practised. In addition, many other forms of exercise evolved, such as the Standing Pole Exercise, Hard Skills, Light Skills and Qi Gong (Breathing Exercise).Shaolin Quan is also an alternate name for traditional Chang Quan. It refers to a style which spread throughout China an

16、d is now regarded as one of the major components of Chang Quan. Its main skills are striking, kicking, throwing and manipulating. Its style can be summed up概括，归纳；总结 as fast, hard, agile and simple.When it comes to Chinese Kung fu ,you can never forget a person whose name is Bruce Lee(李小龙）It is him that introduces Chinese