Lecture 32 subordination 语法教程 章振邦 上外

1、Chapter 32 Subordination (II)Teaching contents Non-finite clause: infinitive clause -ing participle clause to participle clause非限定分句(Non-finite Clause)就是以非限定动词词组(不定式，-ing, -ed)作谓语动词的分句结构。可分为：(1) 不定式分句(Infinitive Clause)(2) -ing分句(-ing Participle Clause)(3) -ed分句(-ed Participle Clause)Part 1: 非限定分句的结

2、构模式(1) 不带主语和连词eg. He has a large family to support. He denied having been there. The castle, burnt down in 1485, was never rebuilt.(2) 带连词或疑问词eg. I dont know what to do.He opened his lips as if to say something.When sleeping, I never hear a thing.Even if invited, I wont go.(3)带主语eg. He opened the do

3、or for the children to come in.He knew that with him to help, she could and would succeed.我父母反对我独自外出。My parents object to me / my going out alone.Im annoyed about John / Johns forgetting to pay. Absolute Construction 独立结构实质：带有自己主语的非限定分句和无动词分句。独立：主语独立，不需要在主句中找逻辑主语。比较：Climbing to the top of the tower,

4、 we saw a magnificent view. Weather permitting, well go for a picnic this weekend.PRACTICE: 用“独立结构”改写句子1. After the job had been finished, we went home straight away. The job (having been) finished, we went home straight away.2. As her shirt was caught on a nail, she could not move. Her shirt caught

5、 on a nail, she could not move.3. If weather permits, well go for a picnic this weekend. Weather permitting, well go for a picnic this weekend.4. The manager sat quietly in the office, with his eyes closed. The manager sat quietly in the office, (his) eyes closed.Part 2: 非限定动词的句法功能(1)不定式分句的句法功能作主语：T

6、o act like that is childish.作主语补足语His intention is to win the game.作宾语He promised to stop taking drugs.作宾补I advised him to take a taxi, or he might be late.作状语(a) 表示目的eg. He opened the window to get some fresh air. so as to / in order to (与so that相互转换)(b) 表示结果eg. He hurried home only to find that hi

7、s father was dead. soas to / suchas to / tooto / enough to(与so that/sothat相互转换)(c) 表示原因eg. He was lucky to find the lost child.(2) ing分词分句的句法功能(a) 作主语，宾语，主语补语和宾语补语(b) 作状语时间: Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.原因: Being a hard-working man, he is praised by all his fellow work

8、ers.条件: Weather permitting, well go for a picnic this weekend.让步: Knowing all this, they still insisted on my paying for the damage.结果: It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that area.伴随: The old man was fast asleep, holding a book in his hand.(3) ed分词分句的句法功能(a) 作名词修饰语(相当于一个缩略的定语从句)eg. The m

9、en, soaked with sweat from an all-night march, immediately went into action.(b) 作状语时间：Heated, the metal expands.原因：Absorbed in his work, Jim neglected food and sleep.条件：United, we stand; divided, we fall.让步：Beaten by the police and sent to jail, Charles invented the principle of nonviolent resistanc

10、e.伴随：He went to Rome that winter, disguised as a merchant.Part 3: Verb-less Clause无动词分句“无动词”：没有动词实际上是一种省略结构，即动词不表示出来，主语也通常不表示出来。eg. Bank loan or no bank loan, well buy the house. = No matter we have bank loan or no bank loan, 无动词分句的类型(1) 不带从属连词形容词词组：eg. Anxious for a quick decision, the chairman cal

11、led for a vote.名词词组：eg. Bank loan or no bank loan, well buy the house.(2) 带从属连词连词+N.P.eg. When still a boy of six, Bob was sent away from home.连词+Adj.P.eg. Although always helpful, he was not much liked by people.连词+Prep.P.eg. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.连词+Adv.P.eg. He spoke ungraciously, if

12、not rudely.(3) 带自己的主语- “独立结构”eg. Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.He looked at Marry, his eyes full of doubt.Breakfast over, he went to his office.无动词分句的句法功能(1) 作名词修饰语(相当于一个非限制性关系分句)eg. His hands, numb from the cold, could not find the key.= His hands, which were numb from the cold, (2) 作状语，可表示时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，方式或