数学专业英语词汇英汉对照

1、.数学专业英语词汇英汉对照1概率论与数理统计词汇英汉对照表A absolute value绝对值accept接受acceptable region接受域additivity可加性adjusted调整的alternative hypothesis对立假设analysis分析analysis of covariance协方差分析analysis of variance方差分析arithmetic mean算术平均值association相关性assumption假设assumption checking假设检验availability有效度average均值B balanced平衡的band带宽b

2、ar chart条形图beta-distribution贝塔分布between groups组间的bias偏倚binomial distribution二项分布binomial test二项检验C calculate计算case个案category类别center of gravity重心central tendency中心趋势chi-square distribution卡方分布chi-square test卡方检验classify分类cluster analysis聚类分析coefficient系数coefficient of correlation相关系数collinearity共线性c

3、olumn列compare比较comparison对照components构成，分量compound复合的confidence interval置信区间consistency一致性constant常数continuous variable连续变量control charts控制图correlation相关covariance协方差covariance matrix协方差矩阵critical point临界点critical value临界值crosstab列联表cubic三次的，立方的cubic term三次项cumulative dis tribution function累加分布函数cur

4、ve estimation曲线估计D data数据default默认的definition定义deleted residual剔除残差density function密度函数dependent variable因变量description描述design of experiment试验设计deviations差异df.(degree of freedom)自由度diagnostic诊断dimension维discrete variable离散变量discriminant function判别函数discriminatory analysis判别分析distance距离distribution分

5、布D-optimal design D-优化设计E eaqual相等effects of interaction交互效应efficiency有效性eigenvalue特征值equal size等含量equation方程error误差estimate估计estimation of parameters参数估计estimations估计量evaluate衡量exact value精确值expectation期望expected value期望值exponential指数的exponential distributon指数分布extreme value极值F factor因素，因子factor an

6、alysis因子分析factor score因子得分factorial designs析因设计factorial experiment析因试验fit拟合fitted line拟合线fitted value拟合值fixed model固定模型fixed variable固定变量fractional factorial design部分析因设计frequency频数F-test F检验full factorial design完全析因设计function函数G gamma di stribution伽玛分布geometric mean几何均值group组H harmomic mean调和均值het

7、erogeneity不齐性histogram直方图homogeneity齐性homogeneity of variance方差齐性hypothesis假设hypothesis test假设检验I independence独立independent variable自变量independent-samples独立样本index指数index of correlation相关指数interaction交互作用interclass correlation组内相关interval estimate区间估计intraclass correlation组间相关inverse倒数的iterate迭代K ke

8、rnal核Kolmogorov-Smirnov test柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米诺夫检验kurtosis峰度L large sample problem大样本问题layer层least-significant difference最小显著差数least-square estimation最小二乘估计least-square method最小二乘法level水平level of significance显著性水平leverage value中心化杠杆值life寿命life test寿命试验likelihood function似然函数likelihood ratio test似然比检验linear线性

9、的linear estimator线性估计linear model线性模型linear regression线性回归linear relation线性关系linear term线性项logarithmic对数的logarithms对数logistic逻辑的lost function损失函数M main effect主效应matrix矩阵maximum最大值maximum likelihood estimation极大似然估计mean squared deviation(MSD)均方差mean sum of square均方和measure衡量media中位数M-estimator M估计min

10、imum最小值missing values缺失值mixed model混合模型mode众数model模型Monte Carle method蒙特卡罗法moving average移动平均值multicollinearity多元共线性multiple comparison多重比较multiple correlation多重相关multiple correlation coefficient复相关系数multiple correlation coefficient多元相关系数multiple regression analysis多元回归分析multiple regression equation

11、多元回归方程multiple response多响应multivariate analysis多元分析N negative relationship负相关nonadditively不可加性nonlinear非线性nonlinear regression非线性回归noparametric tests非参数检验normal distribution正态分布null hypothesis零假设number of cases个案数O one-sample单样本one-tailed test单侧检验one-way ANOVA单向方差分析one-way classification单向分类optimal优

12、化的optimum allocation最优配制order排序order statistics次序统计量origin原点orthogonal正交的outliers异常值P paired observations成对观测数据paired-sample成对样本parameter参数parameter estimation参数估计partial correlation偏相关partial cor relation coefficient偏相关系数partial regression coefficient偏回归系数percent百分数percentiles百分位数pie chart饼图point e

13、stimate点估计poisson distribution泊松分布polynomial curve多项式曲线polynomial regression多项式回归polynomials多项式positive relationship正相关power幂P-P plot P-P概率图predict预测predicted value预测值prediction intervals预测区间principal component analysis主成分分析proability概率probability density function概率密度函数probit analysis概率分析proportion比

14、例Q qadratic二次的Q-Q plot Q-Q概率图quadratic term二次项quality control质量控制quantitative数量的，度量的quartiles四分位数R random随机的random number随机数random number随机数random sampling随机取样random seed随机数种子random variable随机变量randomization随机化range极差rank秩rank correlation秩相关rank statistic秩统计量regression analysis回归分析regression coeffic

15、ient回归系数regression line回归线reject拒绝rejection region拒绝域relationship关系reliability可靠性repeated重复的report报告，报表residual残差residual sum of squares剩余平方和response响应risk function风险函数robustness稳健性root mean square标准差row行run游程run test游程检验S sample样本sample size样本容量sample space样本空间sampling取样sampling inspection抽样检验scatt

16、er chart散点图S-curve S形曲线separately单独地sets集合sign test符号检验significance显著性significance level显著性水平significance testing显著性检验significant显著的，有效的significant digits有效数字skewed distribution偏态分布skewness偏度small sample problem小样本问题smooth平滑sort排序soruces of variation方差来源space空间spread扩展square平方standard deviation标准离差s

17、tandard error of mean均值的标准误差standardization标准化standardize标准化statistic统计量statistical quality control统计质量控制std.residual标准残差stepwise regression analysis逐步回归stimulus刺激strong assumption强假设stud.deleted residual学生化剔除残差stud.residual学生化残差subsamples次级样本sufficient statistic充分统计量sum和sum of squares平方和summary概括，综

18、述T table表t-distribution t分布test检验test criterion检验判据test for linearity线性检验test of goodness of fit拟合优度检验test of homogeneity齐性检验test of independence独立性检验test rules检验法则test statistics检验统计量testing function检验函数time series时间序列tolerance limits容许限total总共，和transformation转换treatment处理trimmed mean截尾均值true value

19、真值t-test t检验two-tailed test双侧检验U unbalanced不平衡的unbiased estimation无偏估计unbiasedness无偏性uniform distribution均匀分布V value of estimator估计值variable变量variance方差variance components方差分量variance ratio方差比various不同的vector向量W weight加权，权重weighted average加权平均值within groups组内的Z Zscore Z分数2.最优化方法词汇英汉对照表A active const

20、raint活动约束active set method活动集法analytic gradient解析梯度approximate近似arbitrary强制性的argument变量attainment factor达到因子B bandwidth带宽be equivalent to等价于best-fit最佳拟合bound边界C coefficient系数complex-value复数值component分量constant常数constrained有约束的constraint约束constraint function约束函数continuous连续的converge收敛cubic polynomial

21、 interpolation method三次多项式插值法curve-fitting曲线拟合D data-fitting数据拟合default默认的，默认的define定义diagonal对角的direct search method直接搜索法direction of search搜索方向discontinuous不连续E eigenvalue特征值empty matrix空矩阵equality等式exceeded溢出的F feasible可行的feasible solution可行解finite-difference有限差分first-order一阶G Gauss-Newton method

22、高斯-牛顿法goal attainment problem目标达到问题gradient梯度gradient method梯度法H handle句柄Hessian matrix海色矩阵I independent variables独立变量inequality不等式infeasibility不可行性infeasible不可行的initial feasible solution初始可行解initialize初始化inverse逆invoke激活iteration迭代iteration迭代J Jacobian雅可比矩阵L Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日乘子large-scale大型的l

23、east square最小二乘least squares sense最小二乘意义上的Levenberg-Marquardt method列文伯格-马夸尔特法line search一维搜索linear线性的linear equality constraints线性等式约束linear programming problem线性规划问题local solution局部解M medium-scale中型的minimize最小化mixed quadratic and cubic polynomial interpolation and extrapolation method混合二次、三次多项式内插、

24、外插法multiobjective多目标的N nonlinear非线性的norm范数O objective function目标函数observed data测量数据optimization routine优化过程optimize优化optimizer求解器over-determined system超定系统P parameter参数partial derivatives偏导数polynomial interpolation method多项式插值法Q quadratic二次的quadratic interpolation method二次内插法quadratic programming二次规

25、划R real-value实数值residuals残差robust稳健的robustness稳健性，鲁棒性S scalar标量semi-infinitely problem半无限问题Sequential Quadratic Programming method序列二次规划法simplex search method单纯形法solution解sparse matrix稀疏矩阵sparsity pattern稀疏模式sparsity structure稀疏结构starting point初始点stationary point驻点step length步长subspace trust region

26、method子空间置信域法sum-of-squares平方和symmetric matrix对称矩阵T termination message终止信息termination tolerance终止容限the exit condition退出条件the method of steepest descent最速下降法transpose转置U unconstrained无约束的under-determined system负定系统V variable变量vector矢量W weighting matrix加权矩阵3样条词汇英汉对照表A approximation逼近array数组a spline i

27、n b-form/b-spline b样条a spline of polynomial piece/ppform spline分段多项式样条B bivariate spline function二元样条函数break/breaks断点C coefficient/coefficients系数cubic interpolation三次插值/三次内插cubic polynomial三次多项式cubic smoothing spline三次平滑样条cubic spline三次样条cubic spline interpolation三次样条插值/三次样条内插curve曲线D degree of free

28、dom自由度dimension维数E end conditions约束条件I input argument输入参数interpolation插值/内插interval取值区间K knot/knots节点L least-squares approximation最小二乘拟合M multiplicity重次multivariate function多元函数O optional argument可选参数order阶次output argument输出参数P point/points数据点R rational spline有理样条rounding error舍入误差(相对误差)S scalar标量se

29、quence数列(数组)spline样条spline approximation样条逼近/样条拟合spline function样条函数spline curve样条曲线spline interpolation样条插值/样条内插spline surface样条曲面smoothing spline平滑样条T tolerance允许精度U univariate function一元函数V vector向量W weight/weights权重4偏微分方程数值解词汇英汉对照表A absolute error绝对误差absolute tolerance绝对容限adaptive mesh适应性网格B bou

30、ndary condition边界条件C contour plot等值线图converge收敛coordinate坐标系D decomposed分解的decomposed geometry matrix分解几何矩阵diagonal matrix对角矩阵Dirichlet boundary conditions Dirichlet边界条件E eigenvalue特征值elliptic椭圆形的error estimate误差估计exact solution精确解G generalized Neumann boundary condition推广的Neumann边界条件geometry几何形状geo

31、metry description matrix几何描述矩阵geometry matrix几何矩阵graphical user interface(GUI)图形用户界面H hyperbolic双曲线的I initial mesh初始网格J jiggle微调L Lagrange multipliers拉格朗日乘子Laplace equation拉普拉斯方程linear interpolation线性插值loop循环M machine precision机器精度mixed boundary condition混合边界条件N Neuman boundary condition Neuman边界条件n

32、ode point节点nonlinear solver非线性求解器normal vector法向量P Parabolic抛物线型的partial differential equation偏微分方程plane strain平面应变plane stress平面应力Poisson's equation泊松方程polygon多边形positive definite正定Q quality质量R refined triangular mesh加密的三角形网格relative tolerance相对容限relative tolerance相对容限residual残差residual norm残差范

33、数S singular奇异的Absolute deviation,绝对离差Absolute number,绝对数Absolute residuals,绝对残差Acceleration array,加速度立体阵Acceleration in an arbitrary direction,任意方向上的加速度Acceleration normal,法向加速度Acceleration space dimension,加速度空间的维数Acceleration tangential,切向加速度Acceleration vector,加速度向量Acceptable hypothesis,可接受假设Accum

34、ulation,累积Accuracy,准确度Actual frequency,实际频数Adaptive estimator,自适应估计量Addition,相加Addition theorem,加法定理Additive Noise,加性噪声Additivity,可加性Adjusted rate,调整率Adjusted value,校正值Admissible error,容许误差Aggregation,聚集性Alpha factoring,因子法Alternative hypothesis,备择假设Among groups,组间Amounts,总量Analysis of correlation,相

35、关分析Analysis of covariance,协方差分析Analysis Of Effects,效应分析Analysis Of Variance,方差分析Analysis of regression,回归分析Analysis of time series,时间序列分析Analysis of variance,方差分析Angular transformation,角转换ANOVA(analysis of variance),方差分析ANOVA Models,方差分析模型ANOVA table and eta,分组计算方差分析Arcing,弧/弧旋Arcsine transformation

36、,反正弦变换Area区域图Area under the curve,曲线面积AREG,评估从一个时间点到下一个时间点回归相关时的误差ARIMA,季节和非季节性单变量模型的极大似然估计Arithmetic grid paper,算术格纸Arithmetic mean,算术平均数Arrhenius relation,艾恩尼斯关系Assessing fit,拟合的评估Associative laws,结合律Asymmetric distribution,非对称分布Asymptotic bias,渐近偏倚Asymptotic efficiency,渐近效率Asymptotic variance,渐近方

37、差Attributable risk,归因危险度Attribute data,属性资料Attribution,属性Autocorrelation,自相关Autocorrelation of residuals,残差的自相关Average,平均数Average confidence interval length,平均置信区间长度Average growth rate,平均增长率Bar chart,条形图Bar graph,条形图Base period,基期Bayes'theorem,Bayes定理Bell-shaped curve,钟形曲线Bernoulli distribution,

38、伯努力分布Best-trim estimator,最好切尾估计量Bias,偏性Binary logistic regression,二元逻辑斯蒂回归Binomial distribution,二项分布Bisquare,双平方Bivariate Correlate,二变量相关Bivariate normal distribution,双变量正态分布Bivariate normal population,双变量正态总体Biweight interval,双权区间Biweight M-estimator,双权M估计量Block,区组/配伍组BMDP(Biomedical computer progr

39、ams),BMDP统计软件包Boxplot s,箱线图/箱尾图Breakdown bound,崩溃界/崩溃点Canonical correlation,典型相关Caption,纵标目Case-control study,病例对照研究Categorical variable,分类变量Catenary,悬链线Cauchy distribution,柯西分布Cause-and-effect relationship,因果关系Cell,单元Censoring,终检Center of symmetry,对称中心Centering and scaling,中心化和定标Central tendency,集中

40、趋势Central value,中心值CHAID-2 Automatic Interaction Detector,卡方自动交互检测Chance,机遇Chance error,随机误差Chance variable,随机变量Characteristic equation,特征方程Characteristic root,特征根Characteristic vector,特征向量Chebshev criterion of fit,拟合的切比雪夫准则Chernoff faces,切尔诺夫脸谱图Chi-square test,卡方检验/2检验Choleskey decomposition,乔洛斯基分解

41、Circle chart,圆图Class interval,组距Class mid-value,组中值Class upper limit,组上限Classified variable,分类变量Cluster analysis,聚类分析Cluster sampling,整群抽样Code,代码Coded data,编码数据Coding,编码Coefficient of contingency,列联系数Coefficient of determination,决定系数Coefficient of multiple correlation,多重相关系数Coefficient of partial co

42、rrelation,偏相关系数Coeffici ent of production-moment correlation,积差相关系数Coefficient of rank correlation,等级相关系数Coefficient of regression,回归系数Coefficient of skewness,偏度系数Coefficient of variation,变异系数Cohort study,队列研究Collinearity,共线性Column,列Column effect,列效应Column factor,列因素Combination pool,合并Combinative ta

43、ble,组合表Common factor,共性因子Common regression coefficient,公共回归系数Common value,共同值Common variance,公共方差Common variation,公共变异Communality variance,共性方差Comparability,可比性Comparison of bathes,批比较Comparison value,比较值Compartment model,分部模型Compassion,伸缩Complement of an event,补事件Complete association,完全正相关Complete

44、dissociation,完全不相关Complete statistics,完备统计量Completely randomized design,完全随机化设计Composite event,联合事件Composite events,复合事件Concavity,凹性Conditional expectation,条件期望Conditional likelihood,条件似然Conditional probability,条件概率Conditionally linear,依条件线性Confidence interval,置信区间Confidence limit,置信限Confidence lowe

45、r limit,置信下限Confidence upper limit,置信上限Confirmatory Factor Analysis,验证性因子分析Confirmatory research,证实性实验研究Confounding factor,混杂因素Conjoint,联合分析Consistency,相合性Consistency check,一致性检验Consistent asymptotically normal estimate,相合渐近正态估计Consistent estimate,相合估计Constrained nonlinear regression,受约束非线性回归Constra

46、int,约束Contaminated distribution,污染分布Contaminated Gausssian,污染高斯分布Contaminated normal distribution,污染正态分布Contamination,污染Contamination model,污染模型Contingency table,列联表Contour,边界线Contribution rate,贡献率Control,对照,质量控制图Controlled experiments,对照实验Conventional depth,常规深度Convolution,卷积Corrected factor,校正因子Co

47、rrected mean,校正均值Correction coefficient,校正系数Correctness,正确性Correlation coefficient,相关系数Correlation,相关性Correlation index,相关指数Correspondence,对应Counting,计数Counts,计数/频数Covariance,协方差Covariant,共变Cox Regression,Cox回归Criteria for fitting,拟合准则Criteria of least squares,最小二乘准则Critical ratio,临界比Critical region,拒绝域Critical value,临界值Cross-over design,交叉设计Cross-section analysis,横断面分析Cross-section survey,横断面调查Crosstabs,交叉表Crosstabs列联表分析Cross-tabulation table,复合表Cube