高三定语从句复习

1、The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.先行词先行词放置于名词之放置于名词之_，修饰名词的从句，修饰名词的从句关系词关系词连接作用连接作用1.2. 在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分后后关系词关系词1.关系代词关系代词2. 关系副词关系副词1. 指人指人2.指物指物3. 指某一情况指某一情况that whowhom whosethat which whosewhich as不能放于句首不能放于句首放于句中或句首放于句中或句首“正如正如”when where why(主语主语/宾语宾语)(状语状语)1、_ is often the case, w

2、e have worked out the production plan.（04江苏）江苏） A. Which B. When C. What D. As 2、John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true. （01北京春季）北京春季） Ahe Bthis Cwhich Dwho考点一：关系代词考点一：关系代词: asD DC C1. 非限制性定语从句一般采用非限制性定语从句一般采用 which 或或 as 来来引导。使用这两个词时要注意两点：引导。使用这两个词时要注意两点： （1）as 引导的从句可以放在主句

3、之前，而引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which 引导的从句只能放在主句之后。引导的从句只能放在主句之后。（2）从意义上讲，）从意义上讲，which 指前面主句的内容；指前面主句的内容；而而 as 指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成东西，因此常译成“就象就象那样、正如那样、正如所所的的”。 the same as / such as 的使用问题的使用问题当先行词被当先行词被 the same 所修饰时，关系词既可所修饰时，关系词既可以用以用 as，也可以用也可以用 that。在表示具体事物时，在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表

4、示同一有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用种类多用 as，表示同一事物多用表示同一事物多用 that。如：如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. 这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。 This is the same instrument as I used yesterday. 这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。 在在抽象概念抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用：没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用：I have the

5、same opinion as / that you have. such as 与与such thatHe is such a good teacher _ we all love and respect.A that B. as C. who D. soB他是那样一位好老师，我们大家都热爱和尊他是那样一位好老师，我们大家都热爱和尊敬他。敬他。他是一位我们大家都热爱和尊敬的好老师。他是一位我们大家都热爱和尊敬的好老师。比较：比较：He is such a good teacher that we all love and respect him.定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句1. It i

6、s such an interesting book _ we all want to read twice.2. It is such an interesting book_ we all want to read it twice.3.I have never heard such stories _ he tells. A. as B. that C. which D. what asAthat考点二：分析有无先行词考点二：分析有无先行词,巧解定语从句试题巧解定语从句试题先行词是被定语从句所修饰的中心名词先行词是被定语从句所修饰的中心名词,没有没有它的存在它的存在,定语从句就不能成立。

7、定语从句就不能成立。例例1: He made another wonderful discovery ,_of great importance to science. A. which I think isB. which I think it is C. which I think itD. I think which isA因为定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的词因为定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的词,故故B、C为错误选项为错误选项,另外关系代词应紧接在先另外关系代词应紧接在先行词后面行词后面,所以插入语所以插入语I think应放在关系代词应放在关系代词后面。后面。例例2: Is this

8、factory_ you visited yesterday?A. which B. that C. where D. the oneD不少同学可能会将不少同学可能会将factory作为先行词而作为先行词而误选误选A或或B,其实将该句还原成陈述句：其实将该句还原成陈述句：This factory is_ you visited yesterday.时时,可以清楚地发现该定语从可以清楚地发现该定语从句句缺少在从句中作宾语的先行词缺少在从句中作宾语的先行词,所以应所以应填填the one。分析语境含义及句子结构可知分析语境含义及句子结构可知,该空缺少该空缺少先行词和在定语从句中作主语的关系代先行词

9、和在定语从句中作主语的关系代词词,所以应填所以应填those who。例例3: The students in our class study harder than _are in their class. A. who B. those who C. that D. whichB考点三：有时先行词含义较为抽象考点三：有时先行词含义较为抽象,较难较难看出其属性看出其属性,应多加思索并认真分析后才应多加思索并认真分析后才能正确解题。能正确解题。例例1: Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose contr

10、ol over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why 例例2: I can think of many cases _students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. A. whyB. which C. as D. where例例3: Her illness will not develop to the point_ no medicine can cure her. A. whereB. which

11、C. thatD. as考点四：考点四： whosewhose指物时可与指物时可与of whichof which等等互换，但应注意与冠词的位置关系。如：互换，但应注意与冠词的位置关系。如：This is the bookthe cover of whichwhose coveris blue.1) Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from_effects the people are still suffering. （05天津卷）天津卷） A. that B. whose C. those D. what2)

12、 George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. (04北京）北京） A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real nameB BD D “whose +名词中心词名词中心词”这一结构在定语从这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如题句中既能作主语（如题2），又能作宾语），又能作宾语（如题（如题1）。）。whose 的先行词常用来指人的先行词常用来指人（如题（如题2），但有时也可以用来指具体事物），但有时也可

13、以用来指具体事物或抽象概念（如题或抽象概念（如题1），这时可以与），这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：结构互换，词序是：“名词名词+of which” 。题。题1可变为：可变为：from the effects of which 考点五：关系代词和关系副词的比较考点五：关系代词和关系副词的比较1、Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago? （05北京春季）北京春季） A. where B. when C. that D. what 2、There were dirty marks on

14、her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. （04全国全国II） A. whereB. which C. when D. thatC CA A当先行词是表时间的当先行词是表时间的 time, day 等和表地点的等和表地点的 place, house 等时，一定要注意分析从句的结等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构。如果缺少构。如果缺少主语或宾语主语或宾语，关系词应该用，关系词应该用 which 或或 that, 缺少缺少时间状语或地点状语时间状语或地点状语时，时，才能用才能用 when 或或 where。题题1中的中的 farm 作作 visited 的宾语，故

15、选的宾语，故选C；题；题2中的中的 trousers 作作 wiped 的地点状语，故选的地点状语，故选A。考点六：介词加关系代词引导定语从句考点六：介词加关系代词引导定语从句1、The place _the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (05江苏卷江苏卷) A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which 2、He was educated at a loca

16、l grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. （05山东卷）山东卷） A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this C CC C介词加关系代词引导定语从句是近几年高考介词加关系代词引导定语从句是近几年高考中的热点，复习中需注意以下几个问题：中的热点，复习中需注意以下几个问题：关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用置时，只能用 whom 指人，指人，which 指物；但如指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：省去，特别是在口语中。如：Do you know the boy to whom she was talking? Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to?The pencil (whic