译林版9年级英语上册教案课件-第4课-阅读题型训练猜测词义题

1、阅读题型训练：猜测词义题一、总述 :猜测词义题主要考查文章中出现的词或词组的意思。常见的考查方式为要求考生推测出生词或者词组的汉语意思、英语近义词或者词组的引申义。在中学阶段的英语阅读考试中,主要考查对文章中生词的理解。因此,我们在本学期的报纸中将重点向同学们介绍推测生词含义的方法。阅读理解文章中对生词的考查有的是考查影响文章理解的非常重要的超纲词汇 ,还有的是考查一词多义的单词在文中的含义。二、方法介绍 :总的来说 ,推测生词含义有两种方法,即通过词根词缀和通过上下文来推测。1. 通过词根词缀推测生词的含义。在英语中一个基本词根加上各种不同的词缀构成不同词性或不同词义的单词 ,叫衍生词。一般

2、前缀改变词义 ,后缀改变词性。例如 :(1)前缀表示否定的前缀un-:real 真实的 unreal 不真实的表示否定的前缀dis-:advantage 优势 disadvantage 劣势意为 "再次 "的前缀 re-:appear 出现 reappear 再次出现(2)后缀将动词变成名词的后缀 -er:work v.工作 worker n.工人将动词变成形容词的后缀-able:drink v. 喝 drinkable adj.能饮用的将名词变成形容词的后缀-ous:courage n勇.气 courageous adj勇.敢的2. 通过上下文推测生词的含义。常用的通过上

3、下文来推测生词含义的方法有四种,即同义法、反义法、逻辑法和常识法。(1)同义法 :利用定义或解释来推测生词的意思。用动词 be, mean或词组 refer to 给出前面生词的含义。例如:Facility is a place used for a particular purpose or activity, usually including buildings. (facility 供特定用途的场所 )通过举例的方法给出生词的含义。例如:After a day of hunting, Harold was ravenous. Yesterday, for example, he ate

4、 two bowls of soup, salad, a large chicken, and a piece of chocolate cake before he was finally satisfied. (ravenous 饥饿的 )通过生词后括号内或者破折号后的内容给出生词的含义。例如:They ended in a draw (To finish a game without either team winning). (end in a draw 双方打成平手 )通过生词的同位语或定语给出生词的含义。例如:Hes adentist, thats to say, aperson

5、whose job is to take care of peopl s teeth. (dentist牙医 )(2)反义法 :通过后面表示转折意思或者对比关系的词来推测生词的意思。在阅读过程中 ,如有表示转折的词but, though, however 等和表示对比关系的词或表达 unlike, different from, on the contrary 等出现 ,那就表明这些词语的前后就是两个完全相反的概念。例如:He is a punctual boy, but he was late this morning. (punctual守时的 )(3)逻辑法 :利用句子间的类比、因果、递

6、进等逻辑关系推测生词含义的方法。表示类比的词或表达有the same as, similarly, in the same way等；表示因果关系的词或表达有as a result, therefore, because, so, consequently, due to等；表示递进关系的词或表达有and then, even, in fact等。例如 :The English class was delayed because the teacher was ill. (delay推迟 )(4)常识法 :利用科普知识和生活常识推测生词含义的方法。例如:The snake slithered

7、through the grass. (根据蛇的生活习性 ,我们能够推断出slither的意思为 "爬行 "。)三、常见的提问方式 :1. The underlined word "land" in the last paragraph probably means "_".2. The expression "negative picture" most probably means "_".3. The underlined word "victory" in Para-

8、graph 5 means "_".4. The word "delay" in Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by "_".5. The word "passionate" in the middle of the passage is the closest in meaningto "_".真题重现 :例 1:. For many centuries and in all countries, people have studied the weathe

9、r and tried to make weather forecasting. Rings around the sun are a sign of wet weather. That many people feel their joints (关节 ) hurt is a sign of wet weather. Some birds fly high if fine weather is coming, but they fly near the ground if rainy or stormy weather is on the way. If you see a rain-bow

10、 during rainy weather, this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine. Such rainbows come in the evening . (宿迁市中考题阅读理解 A 篇)Which of the following can be used here to replace (取代 ) the underlined phrase "on the way"?A. awayB. goneC. disappearingD. coming解析 :在本段第四句的前半句我们得知当好天气来临的

11、时候 ,一些鸟会飞得很高。 后半句用一个转折词表示反义 ,即坏天气的时候这些鸟会有怎样的表现。因此 ,我们可以推断出后半句的 on the way 和前半句的 coming 意思是一样的。因此 ,正确答案为 D。例 2:One day when some government officials were rebuilding a barn(谷仓 ), they found a mouse hole in a corner and used smoke to force the mice inside the hole to come out. A while later they indee

12、d saw mice running out, one after another. Then, everyone thought that all the mice had escaped. But just as they began to clean up, they saw two mice squeezing (挤 ) out at the mouth of the hole. With some efforts, the mice finally got out. However, it was strange that after they came out of the hol

13、e, they did not run away immediately. Instead, one chased after the other near the mouth of the hole. Itseemed that one was trying to bite 咬() the tail of the other. Everyone was puzzled, so they stepped nearer to take a look. They realized that one of the mice was blind and could not see anything,

14、and the other was trying to allow the blind mouse to bite on his tail so that he could pull the blind one with him to escape. After seeing whathappened, everyone was speechlessand lost in thought. During the meal time, the group of people sat down in a circle and started to chat about what happened

15、to the two mice. One serious American official said, "I think the relationship between those two mice was that of king and guard." The others thought for a while and said, "That was why!" A smart French said, "I think the relationship between the two mice was that of husband

16、 and wife." Again the others thought for a while, and all felt it madesense .武(汉市中考题阅读理解C 篇)"it made sense" probably means _.A. it was correct B. it was strange C. it was funny D. it was sweet 解析 :根据前面两段的描述 ,我们可以推测出这两只老鼠的关系很密切。 在第四段一位美国官员猜测它们是皇帝和侍卫的关系 ,其他官员表示有这种可能。接着 ,在第五段一位法国官员推测它们是夫

17、妻关系 ,这也是有可能的。这时 ,我们就可以猜测出 it made sense和前面的 that was why 有相似的意思 ,即都表示有这种可能。因此 ,正确答案为 A 。例 3:In every little girl s toy box, there might be a Barbie Doll. Barbie is 50 years old this year. It was designed in 1959 by an American businesswoman named Ruth Handler. She and her husband Elliott started the

18、 toy company Mattel. She named the new doll after their daughter Barbara. The first Barbie Doll appeared at the toy fair 交(易会 ) inNew York on March 9th, 1959. This date is used as Barbie -day.Mattelsbirthsold three hundred thousand Barbie Dolls in the first year at a price of three dollars. Today, a

19、 fifty-year-old Barbie in good condition might cost more than twenty-seven thousand dollars. Mattel says 90% of the girls in the United States aged from three to ten own at least one Barbie Doll. And girls aged three to six own average 平(均 ) of about twelve. When Mattel created Barbie Dolls half a c

20、entury ago, they never thought this dollwould become a legend. Now Barbie Dolls are famous all over the world. They are sold in one hundred and fifty countries, and every second three Barbie Dolls are sold around the world.( 福州市中考题阅读理解 B 篇 )What does the underlined word "legend" mean in th

21、e passage?A. 传播B. 传奇C. 传承D. 传述解析 :根据前面几段的叙述 ,由 Barbie Dolls 诞生到现在的销售、购买者的年龄以及它经久不衰的流行度可推知这是个传奇。因此,正确答案为 B。小试牛刀You should have many things to have a good life. Motivation is an important one.What is motivation? Motivation is something that allows you to go after and get what you want in life. You need motivation when you do many things in life. For example, if you want to change your character, to start a new habit or to be-come a better child, you need motivation.So how can you develop motivation? Here are a few things that you should do:1You should make sure that you