大学英语英国文学lecture1EnglishPoetry

1、1. What is poetry? A literary form Written in lines Rich imagery Great artistic appeal Beautiful harmony Compressed content StarIfyouareAlovecompassionate,Youwillwalkwithusthisyear.Wefaceaglacialdistance,whoarehereHuddldAtyourfeetMore accurateText in rhythmic or metric form, often employing rhyme; u

2、sually shorter and more concentrated in language and ideas than either prose or drama.Danti: Divine Comedy神曲Milton: Paradise Lost 失乐园Homer: Iliad伊利亚特; Odyssey奥德赛 3) Dramatic Poems（戏剧诗）（戏剧诗） 2) Narrative Poems（叙事诗）（叙事诗） 1) Lyrical Poems（抒情诗）（抒情诗） 2. Kinds of PoetryIn terms of content :Songs（韵文) odes

3、（颂诗） Elegy（挽诗）Epics (史诗) ( heroic poems) ballads（民谣）lyre (里拉)usu. in dialogue; in blank verse2. Kinds of PoetryIn terms of metre:1) Metrical Poems（格律诗）（格律诗）Regular Rhyme; Regular Rhythm; Definite Number of Lines2) Free Verse（自由诗）（自由诗）Irregular Rhyme and Rhythm; Irregular Number of Lines3) Blank Vers

4、e（无韵诗）（无韵诗）Without Rhyme ; With Rhythm1)elementspeculiar/essentialtopoetry:meter,rhyme,soundpatterns(assonance,consonance,alliteration),formofpoetry2)elementsimportanttopoetry:imagery,symbols,metaphor,simile,diction(connotative)3)otherelements:tone,style,character,setting,pointofview,allusionetc.3.

5、elements of poetry: Alliteration:phantom fathom ; psychology simplea) To give emphasis:might and main ; fit as a fiddleb) To connect ideas:Please pick up the pretty pink pills for pale people.c) To connect actions:The fighter fled into the field, and, foremost fighting , fell.The sun is not abed whe

6、n I At night u pon my pil low lie 4. Foot（音步)thebasicmetricalorrhythmicalunitwithinalineofpoetry.Afootofpoetrygenerallyconsistsofanaccentedsyllableandoneormoreunaccentedsyllablesarrangedinavarietyofpatterns.ThefourstandardfeetdistinguishedinEnglishpoetryare: 1) Iambus（抑扬格）or: Iambic Foot（抑扬音步）( Iamb

7、ic Tetrametre or 4 - foot Iambus)（四步抑扬格）（四步抑扬格）The stream will not flow, and the hill will not rise, And the co lours have all passed away from her eyes! ( Anapaestic Tetrametre or 4 - foot Anapaest)（四步抑抑扬格）（四步抑抑扬格）4. Foot（音步） 1) Iambus（抑扬格）2) Anapaest（抑抑扬格）(Trochaic Tetrametre or 4 - foot Trochee)（

8、四步扬抑格）（四步扬抑格）4. Foot（音步） 1) Iambus（抑扬格） 2) Anapaest（抑抑扬格）Or: Trochaic Foot（扬抑音步）3) Trochee（扬抑格）Shake your chains to earth like dew , Which in sleep had fallen on you - You are many - they are few .or: Dactylic Foot（扬抑抑音步）a) Take her up tenderly , Lift her with care; b) This is a galloping measure a

9、hop and a trot and a gallop ( Dactylic Hexametre or 6 - foot Dactyl )（六步扬抑抑格）（六步扬抑抑格）4. Foot（音步） 1) Iambus（抑扬格） 2) Anapaest（抑抑扬格） 3) Trochee（扬抑格） 4) Dactyl（扬抑抑格）( Dactylic Bi-metre ) （两步抑抑格）（两步抑抑格）4. Foot（音步） 1) Iambus（抑扬格）2) Anapaest（抑抑扬格）3) Trochee（扬抑格）4) Dactyl（扬抑抑格）6) Spondee（扬扬格）（扬扬格）7) Pyrric（

10、抑抑格）（抑抑格）5) Amphibrach（抑扬抑格）For the dear God who loveth us （扬扬格）（抑抑格）（抑扬抑格）5.Metre(格律):regularizedrhythm;anarrangementoflanguageinwhichtheaccentsoccuratapparentlyequalintervalsintimeMono-metre Bi-metre Tri-metre Tetrametre Pentametre Hexametre Heptametre Octametre The Traditional Metrical Form in En

11、glish Verse Meter 按重度音节和非重读音节的排列方式按重度音节和非重读音节的排列方式 a.抑扬格（抑扬格（theIambicFoot):非重非重+重重 b.扬抑格（扬抑格（theTrochaicFoot):重重+非重非重 C.扬抑抑格（扬抑抑格（Dactyl）：重）：重+非重非重+非重非重 D.抑抑扬格抑抑扬格(Anapaest)：非重：非重+非重非重+重重按音步数量：按音步数量：monometer;bimeter;trimeter;tetrameter;pentameter;hexameter(Alexandrine);heptameter(Fourteener);Iambi

12、cpentameterIambic Pentametre ( 5 - foot Iambus)（ 五五 步步 抑抑 扬扬 格）格）Shall I compare thee to a sum mers day a Thou art more love ly and more tem perate. b Rough winds do shake the dar ling buds of may, a And sum mers lease hath all too short a date. b Metre:6. Rhythm （节奏）：）： Twinkle, twinkle, little sta

13、r, How I wonder what you are! “movementstmarkedbytheregulatedsuccessionofstrongandweakelements7. Rhyme:（韵）:repetitionatregularintervalsinalineorlinesofpoetryofsimilaroridenticalsoundsbasedonacorrespondencebetweenthevowelsandsucceedingconsonantsoraccentedsyllables;Home foam ; chair therea) Internal r

14、hyme:I am the daughter of the Earth and Water. (Shelley)We plough and sow-were so very, very low. (Ernest Jones)Ah, distinctly I remember it as in the bleak December. ( Poe ) b) Masculine Rhyme（阳韵）: :If all be true that I do think. There are five reasons we should drink :c) Feminine Rhyme（阴韵）: :(1)

15、What is fame? An empty bubble. Gold? A transient, shining trouble.(2) Rise like lions after slumber, In unvanguishable number.(3) Oh! ye immortal Gods! what is theogony? Oh! thou, too, mortal man! what is philanthropy?d) Monosyllabic Rhyme（单音节韵）（单音节韵）: : Hour tour ; now know ; dear bear ; save have

16、e) Bi-syllabic Rhyme （双音节韵）（双音节韵） : :f) Tri-syllabic Rhyme （三音节韵）（三音节韵） : :e) Eye rhyme（眼韵）（眼韵）: :I / fly ; fool / rule ; write / fight ; again / remain /sustainborrow / sorrow ; daughter /water ; conversation /compensation Roman / no man ; know it / show it beautiful / dutiful ; think of it / drink

17、 of it8. Rhyme Scheme:（韵律结构）anyfixedpatternofrhymescharacteringawholepoemoritsstanzas1) aabb（连续韵）（连续韵）: :Work while you work, and play while you play, a For that is the way to be happy and gay. a All that you do, do with your might, b Things done by halves are never done right. b2) abab（交叉韵）（交叉韵）: :

18、How do you like to go up in a swing. a Up in the air so blue? b Oh, I do think it the pleasantest thing a Ever a child can do! bThecurfewtollstheknellofpartingday,Thelowingherdwindslowlyoerthelea,Theplowmanhomewardplodshiswearyway,Andleavestheworldtodarknessandtome.-ThomasGray(1716-1771):ElegyWritte

19、ninaCountryChurchyard晚钟殷殷响，夕阳已西沉。晚钟殷殷响，夕阳已西沉。群牛哞叫归，迂回走草径。群牛哞叫归，迂回走草径。农夫荷锄归，倦倦回家门。农夫荷锄归，倦倦回家门。唯我立旷野，独自对黄昏。（丰华瞻译）唯我立旷野，独自对黄昏。（丰华瞻译）Shedweltamongtheuntroddenways(a)BesidethespringsofDove,（b）AMaidwhomtherewerenonetopraise（a）Andveryfewtolove.（b）balladThe1stand3rdlinesareiniambictetrameterthe2rdand4thline

20、sareiniambictrimeter;Rhymescheme:abab3) abba（首尾韵）（首尾韵）: :I hold it true , whateer befall ; a I feel it when I sorrow most ; b Tis better to have loved and lost b Than never to have loved at all. a4) abcb（二四韵）（二四韵）: :Spring is green, a Summer is bright, b Autumn is gold , c Winter is white. b ShallIc

21、omparetheetoasummersday?（a）Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.（b）RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay.（a）Andsummersleasehathalltooshortadate.（b）Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,（c）Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmd;（d）Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,（c）Bychance,ornatureschangingcourse,untrimmd;（

22、d）Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade（e）Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouowst.（f）NorshallDeathbragthouwandrestinhisshade（e）Whenineternallinestotimethougrowst.（f）Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee,（g）Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.（g）-WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)能不能让我来把你比拟作夏日？能不能让我来把你比拟作夏日？你可是更加温和，

23、更加可爱：你可是更加温和，更加可爱：狂风会吹落五月里开的好花儿，狂风会吹落五月里开的好花儿，夏季的生命又未免结束得太快：夏季的生命又未免结束得太快：有时候苍天的巨眼照得太灼热，有时候苍天的巨眼照得太灼热，他那金彩的脸色也会被遮暗；他那金彩的脸色也会被遮暗；每一样美呀，总会离开美而凋落，每一样美呀，总会离开美而凋落，被时机或者自然的代谢所摧残；被时机或者自然的代谢所摧残；但是你永久的夏天决不会凋枯，但是你永久的夏天决不会凋枯，你永远不会失去你美的仪态；你永远不会失去你美的仪态；死神夸不着你在他的影子里踯躅，死神夸不着你在他的影子里踯躅，你将在不朽的诗中与时间同在；你将在不朽的诗中与时间同在；只要

24、人类在呼吸，眼睛看得见，只要人类在呼吸，眼睛看得见，我这诗就活着，使你的生命绵延。（屠岸译）我这诗就活着，使你的生命绵延。（屠岸译）英雄双行体（heroiccouplets）：Arhymingcoupletofiambicpentameter,often“closed”,i.e.,containingacompletethought,therebeingafairlyheavypauseattheendofthefirstlineandastillheavieroneattheendofthesecond.Commonlythereisaparallelorantithesiswithinal

25、ine,orbetweenthetwolines.ItisheroicbecauseinEngland,especiallyintheeighteenthcentury,itwasmuchusedforheroic(epic)poems.十音节双韵体，每个音步有两个音节，第一是轻音，第二是重音（即，五步抑扬格）。 Sonnet:1) Italian Sonnet（意大利体十四行诗）（意大利体十四行诗）2) Spenserian Sonnet（斯宾塞体十四行诗）（斯宾塞体十四行诗）3) Shakespearian Sonnet（莎士比亚体十四行诗）（莎士比亚体十四行诗） A stanza is

26、a group of lines ( of any number of lines, most frequently of four lines ) bound together by an end rhyme. 1) Italian Sonnet Francesco PetrachThe poetry of earth is never dead : a When all the birds are faint with the hot sun, b And hide in cooling trees, a voice will run b From hedge to hedge about

27、 the new-mown mead; a That is the Grasshoppers - he takes the lead a In summer luxury, - he has never done b With his delights; for when tired out with fun b He rests at ease beneath some pleasant weed. aThe poety of earth is ceasing never : c On a lone winter evening, when the frost d Has wrought a

28、 silence, from the stove there shrills e The Crickets song, in warmth increasing ever, c And seems to one in drowsiness half lost, d The Grasshoppers among some grassy hills. e an octave + a sestet2) Spenserian SonnetEdmund Spenser For loe my love doth in her selfe containe b All this worlds riches

29、that may farre be found. c If saphyres, loe her eyes be saphyres plaine: b If rubies, loe her lips be rubies sound; c 3 quatrains + a coupletIf pearls, her teeth be pearls both pure and round; c If yvorie, her forehead yvory weene; d If gold, her locks are finest gold on ground; c If silver, her fair hands are silver sheene. d But that w