八年级语法复习课件

1、八年级英语语法复习资料八年级英语语法复习资料行为动词的一般过去时1过去式的构成：a.动词过去式的变化可速记为“直”、“去”、“双”、“改”四字诀。一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed.如：wanted，played.以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ed.如：hoped，lived.重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed.如：stopped.以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-ed.如：studied，worried.b.不规则动词变化，要逐一熟记。 2实义动词过去式的句式。肯定式：主语肯定式：主语+ +动词过去式动词过去式+ +其它。其它。如：They had a good

2、time yesterday. 否定式：主语否定式：主语+did not+did not（didntdidnt）+ +动词原形动词原形+ +其它。其它。 如：They didnt watch TV last night. 一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Did+Did+主语主语+ +动词原形动词原形+ +其它？其它？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语+did. 否定回答：No，主语+didnt.如：Did they have a meeting two days ago？ Yes，they did. / No，they didnt. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+did+主语主语+ +动

3、词原形动词原形+ +其它？其它？ 如：What time did you finish your homework？ 3一般过去时的用法：a.a.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。My father worked in Shanghai last year.b.b.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与oftenoften，alwaysalways等等 表示频度的时间状语连用。表示频度的时间状语连用。I often went to school on foot.c.c.与与whenwhen等连词引导的状语从句连用。等连词引

4、导的状语从句连用。When he got home，he had a short rest.4一般过去时的时间状语：a moment agoa moment ago（刚才），（刚才），yesterday morningyesterday morning，last night/ last night/ weekweek，the day before yesterdaythe day before yesterday（前天），（前天），just nowjust now（刚才），（刚才），in 2006, three days agoin 2006, three days ago等等用所给动词的正确

5、形式填空 1. I _ ( go) to school yesterday. 2. She_ ( play ) football last week. 3. Look! Jack _ ( sing ) now. 4.You_(read)the new paper the day before yesterday. 5. I _ ( see ) Jack in the zoo last weekend. 6. I _ (do) my homework last night 7.She _(open)the mailbox the day after tomorrow. 8. I _ _ _ (

6、help ) the little baby drink the milk the next morning. 9. The farmers _ (work) on the farm next week. 10. My parents_ ( watch) TV last Monday.wentplayedis singingreadsawwentwill openwill helpwill workwatched句型转换1. I went to the party last Friday. （改为一般疑问句）_ you _ to the party last Friday?2. I had a

7、 nice time last Sunday. （改为一般疑问句）_ you _ nice time last Sunday?3. We went to London two years ago. （对划线部分提问）_ _ you_ to London?4. He did his homework in the morning. （改为否定句）He_ _ his homework in the morning.DidgoDidhaveWhendidgodidnt do 现在完成时考点分析现在完成时考点分析一、现在完成时的基本知识一、现在完成时的基本知识（一）构成：现在完成时由“助动词have

8、/ has +动词的过去分词”构成。Have 和has 无词义，在人称代词后面have和has可分别缩写 ve 和 s 。过去分词同过去式一样，一般在动词词尾加 ed。不规则变化则要牢记在心。（二）用法：（1）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与alreadyalready (已经), everever (曾经),yet yet ,justjust (刚刚), beforebefore (以前) 等词连用。如： We have alreadyalready read the book 我们已经读过这本书了。 表示过去发生的动作持续到了现在，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用。如

9、：MrGreen has lived in Being for three years格林先生住在北京三年了。 二、现在完成时的标志词二、现在完成时的标志词 是否使用现在完成时不仅可以通过了解句子的汉语意思套用其基本用法，还可以通过观察时间标志词。和现在完成时态连用的时间状语主要有以下三种：1.1.句中出现句中出现 justjust，nevernever， everever， alreadyalready， yetyet等词时句子一般使用现在完成时。等词时句子一般使用现在完成时。例如： I have alreadyalready had my lunch. He hasnt found the

10、 answer to the question yetyet.2.for 2.for 一段时间或一段时间或sincesince点时间或引导时间状语点时间或引导时间状语从句从句（一（一 般多为过去时）。般多为过去时）。例如：He has been a teacher for 20 years. I have known him since we were little-boys. 3.so far(3.so far(到目前为止到目前为止) )，in the past/lastin the past/last表示一段时间表示一段时间的词语。的词语。例如： I havent seen him so

11、far. He hasnt talked with me in the past/three days.(一)考查现在完成时的一般用法 ( )1Kitty, will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening? No，I wontI_it already Asaw Bhave seen Csee Dwill see ( )2Gone with the Wind is a wellknown novelShe_ it twice Aread Bis reading Creads Dhas read ( )3How long_ you_ h

12、ere? For about two years so far A. have; studied B. did; live C. do; stay D. have changedABD（二）考查非延续性动词与一段时间连用的表达方式( )1OhMrsking, your dress looks nice Is it new?No，I_ it since two years ago. Ahad Bhave had Cbought Dhave bought( )2Jeff borrowed a history book from his friendHe_it for a weekAhas borr

13、owed B.has lent C.has kept Dlend( )3.The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer_for half an hour Ahas left Bhas gone C. has been away D. has gone awayBCC (三)考查havehas been to，havehas gone to与havehas been in的区别( )1Wheres your father?He_ ShanghaiHell be back next week Ahas gone to Bhas been

14、 to Chave gone to Dhave been to( )2Where is David? He_to England on business Ais going Bhas gone Chas been Dgoes ( )3._ you ever_ to the United States? -Yes, twiceAHave; gone BHave; been CDo；go DWere; goingABB(四)考查for与since接时间状语时的区别( )1What a nice dog! How long have you had it?-_two years AFor BSinc

15、e C. In( )2Miss Gao has taught in this school_ 1993A. for Bat Cin Dsince (五)考查现在完成时与一般过去时的区别( )1-He has already gone to England -When_ he_ there? Awill; go Bis; going Cdid; go Dhas; gone( )2Have you read this book?yes, I_it two weeks ago.Aam reading Bhave read Cwill read DreadADCD(六)现在完成时在特定语境下的使用(

16、)1Helen，I told you to do your home-work as carefully as you can?Yes，but Ifewer mistakes than I usually doAwas making Bhave made Cwill make Dhad made( )2Has the match started? Started? Finished！Guo Yue_Ais winning Bwins Cwill win Dhas won( )3. Xiao Wang_ English for thirteen years. So he can speak qu

17、ite good English.A. had learned B. has learned C. will be learning D. learnsBD B ( )4. The film_for half an hour. A. has begun B. has been begun C. has been on D. began ( )5. You dont have to describe her. I_her several times. A. had met B. have met C. meet D. met ( )6. Miss Yang is not at home. She

18、_to the school library. A. went B. has been C. goes D. has gone ( )7. He has never visited the Great Hall of the People._? A. hasnt he B. has he C. does he D. doesnt heBCDB过去进行时的用法过去进行时的用法 概念概念 表示在过去的某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态表示在过去的某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态1 was cooking at five yesterday afternoon昨天下午五点钟我正在做饭。My mot

19、her was doing some housework at this time last week上周的这个时候我妈妈在做家务。判断依据 时间状语at this time yesterday, at that time at this time yesterday, at that time last weeklast week，at nine yesterday eveningat nine yesterday evening，from seven to ten from seven to ten last nightlast night等，when或while引导时间状语从句的主、从复

20、合句。My sisters were doing their homework from seven to ten from seven to ten last night.last night.昨晚七点到九点我的妹妹们在做她们的家庭作业。 My father was watching TV at nine yesterday eveningat nine yesterday evening 昨晚九点我父亲在看电视。 1 was reading a newspaper when he came in when he came in 他进来时，我正在看报。 While I was walking

21、 homeWhile I was walking home, I met Mr Green. 我步行回家时遇到了格林先生. My father was reading a newspaper while my mother was while my mother was cooking. cooking. 妈妈做饭时爸爸在看报。注：1.含when或while 的主、从复合句中一般过去时与过去进行时连用，一般过去时往往表示某一个时间点，过去进行时表示一个时间段，该时间点包含在该段时间内。2. while 引导时间状语从句的主、从复合句，两个过去进行时并用，表示动作同时发生，常表示对比。 肯定式主

22、语主语+was/ were+v-ing +was/ were+v-ing +其它其它。过去进行时中与现在进 行时中的动词的ing形式构成方式相同，单数主语用was+v-ing, 复数主语和you用were+v-ing。 He was sleeping when she arrived. 她到达时他正在睡觉。 We were washing our clothes at nine oclock last Sunday morning 我们上星期天的上午九点在洗衣服。否定式主语主语+ was+ waswere not +v- ing+were not +v- ing+其它其它。 He wasnt

23、practicing the violin at eight oclock yesterday evening 昨天晚上八点他不在练小提琴。 They were not planting trees at nine yesterday morning. 昨天早上九点他们不在植树。特殊疑问式 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+was+waswere+were+主语主语+v -ing +v -ing +其它其它?What was Peter doing at that time?那个时候彼特在于什么? Why were you talking to that mall all the time while 1

24、 was waiting here?我在这儿等时为什么你一直在与那个人讲话?一般疑问式及回答 WasWasWere+Were+主语主语+v-ing +v-ing +其它其它?肯定回答：Yes，主语+waswere否定回答：No，主语+waswere not Was he playing football when you rang me? 你打电话给我时他正在踢足球吗? No，he wasnt不是。Were they playing on the playground when you left? 你离开时，他们仍然在操场上玩吗? Yes，they were是的。 Was it raining

25、 when you went out 0f the cinema? 你们走出电影院时正在下雨吗?Yes。it was是的。反意疑问式主语主语+was+waswere (not)+v-ingwere (not)+v-ing形式，形式，waswaswere(not)+were(not)+作主语的代词作主语的代词？- - Y o u r b r o t h e r w a s s w i m m i n g a t t h i s t i m e yesterdaywasnt he?你弟弟昨天的这个时候正在游泳，对吗?Yes，he was是的。一-You were not reading Engli

26、sh at six yesterday morning，were you?你们昨天早晨六点不在读英语，对吗? Yes，we were不，我们在读。 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.You_ (have) a meeting at 9 last Monday morning2.They_ (play)football when I passed3.She_ (take)a walk when we had a talk4._they _ (try)to draw horses on the blackboard when the teacher came in?5. The students _

27、(1isten)to the teacher carefully while he was teaching 。were havingwere playingwas taking Weretryingwere listening 反意疑问句语法归纳 反意疑问句是由两部分组成的，前一部分是对事物的陈述（即陈述句），后一部分是简短的提问（即简短疑问句），中间用逗号隔开。如果前一部分用肯定句，后一部分就用否定疑问句；如果前一部分用否定句，后一部分就用肯定疑问句。两部分的人称和时态要一致。其回答是用yes或no来表示。一、陈述句部分有陈述句部分有bebe动词、助动词、动词、助动词、情态动词情态动词，反

28、问句也用相，反问句也用相应的应的bebe动词、助动词、动词、助动词、情态动词。情态动词。例如1。 You areare from America, aren arent t you? 2.Your parents arent arent going to have a party .this Sunday, areare they? 3.The girls werewere singing when the teachercame in, weren werent t they? 4You cancan speak French, cancant t you?5。 Ann could swim

29、 when she was six, couldncouldnt t she?6。 Mr. Smith willwill visit our school next week, wonwont t he? 7You havehave been to Shanghai before, havenhavent t you? 8 Jack hasnt done his homework, has he? 二、陈述句部分谓语为行为动词时，陈述句部分谓语为行为动词时，反问句要根据动词时反问句要根据动词时态用相应的助动词。态用相应的助动词。一般现在时一般现在时用用do/ doesdo/ does 一般过去

30、时一般过去时用用diddid 1.You often watchwatch TV in the evening,dontdont you? 2.The students dontdont study hard, do do they? 3。Mary studiesstudies Chinese hard, doesntdoesnt she? 4.The boy doesntdoesnt often go to school by bike, doesdoes he? 5You watchedwatched TV last night, didndidntt you? 2. 6.Jims par

31、ents didntdidnt go to Hong Kong last month, diddid they? 三、祈使句用于反意疑问句中 这种类型较特殊，前一部分是祈使句，后一部分是肯定疑问形式。句型句型1 1: Lets+动词原形+其它，shall we?Lets go for a walk, shall weshall we? Good idea! 句 型句 型 2 2 : 其 它 形 式 的 祈 使 句 ， w i l l y o u ?Come into the classroom, will you will you? Please be careful, will you?Do

32、nt panic,will you?注意：注意：There beThere be句型句型 1。There isis an old picture on the wall, isnisnt t there? 2. There arentarent any children in the room, areare there? 3.There wasntwasnt a telephone call for me, was was there?4There werewere enough people to pick apples, werenwerent t there?5There will b

33、e a basketball match tomorrow, wont there? 值得注意的是有时英语的谓语动词并不用否定式（ 即 没 加 上 n o t ） ， 而 是 用 上 了“never, little, few, hardly, nothing, nobodynever, little, few, hardly, nothing, nobody”等词，这时该陈述句也属于否定句，因此，反意疑问句的后半部分应用肯定疑问式。 You have nevernever been to Beijing, have you? Mr. Fat has fewfew friends here, d

34、oes he? There is littlelittle milk in the bottle, is there? He could do nothingnothing, could he? 完成下列反意疑问句： 1 1. Mary listened to pop music,_ _?Mary listened to pop music,_ _?2. He has never been to Shanghai_ _?2. He has never been to Shanghai_ _?3.He has few friends at school,_ _?3.He has few frie

35、nds at school,_ _?4.The music sounds beautiful,_ _?4.The music sounds beautiful,_ _?5.You cant dance to jazz,_ _?5.You cant dance to jazz,_ _?6.They werent at the concert,_ _?6.They werent at the concert,_ _?7.Lets stop writing,_ _?7.Lets stop writing,_ _?8.Dont be late,_8.Dont be late,_ _?_ _?didnt

36、 didnt sheshehas hehas hedoes hedoes hedoesnt doesnt ititcan youcan youwere therewere thereshall weshall wewill youwill you动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式是初中英语初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为to+动词原形，to为动词不定式动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式动词不定式具有两大特点： 1.具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式动词不定式短

37、语。2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。一、一、动词不定式动词不定式作主语作主语( )1. Its hard for us _English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning( )2. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to简析动词不定式动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词i

38、t作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +名词(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth. C CD D句式(1)中常用nicenice， kindkind， cleverclever， goodgood， rightright， wrongwrong， foolishfoolish， carelesscareless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语

39、的属性或性质；句式(4)中常用hardhard， difficultdifficult， easyeasy， importantimportant等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。二、二、动词不定式动词不定式作宾语作宾语( )1. He wants _ some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys( )2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking(

40、 )3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep 简析在wantwant， likelike， agreeagree， hopehope， wishwish， learnlearn， beginbegin， startstart， decidedecide， hatehate， choosechoose， forgetforget， rememberremember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。C

41、 CA AD D三、动词不定式作宾语补足语三、动词不定式作宾语补足语( )1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with( )2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked简析不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不

42、定式作宾语补足语的动词有：askask， teachteach， expectexpect， telltell， allow allow 等。B BC C四、动词不定式作状语四、动词不定式作状语( )1. She went _ her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing( )2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns简析gogo， comecome， trytry，

43、do / try ones do / try ones bestbest等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。A AC C( )3. Im sorry _ that.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear( )4. Im sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled( )5. My mother was very glad _ her old friend.A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets简析be +be +形容词形容词+

44、to do sth+ to do sth结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。C CB BA A五、动词不定式作定语五、动词不定式作定语( )1. Would you like something _? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks( )2. I have a lot of homework _. A. do B. doing C. did D. to do( )3. He is not an easy man _. A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with简析不定式

45、作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。短语动词相当于及物动词。C CD DD D六、不带六、不带toto的动词不定式的动词不定式( )1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs. A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered( )2. So much work usually makes them _ very tired. A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel( )3. Your father is sleeping. Youd better_. A. not wake up him B. not to wake up him C. not wake him up D. not to wake him upB BD DC C简析1.在seesee， watchwatch， hearhear