东北林业大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析-

1、 东北林业大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whoseproductivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States andEurope.But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of thetraditional work-moral values.Ten years ago young people were Gengduo yuan xiao wan zh

2、eng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lianxi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi hard-workingand saw their jobs as their primary reason for being,but now Japanhas largely fulfilled its economic needs,and young p

3、eople don't knowwhere they should go next.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of womeninto the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities ofteen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrificesinvolved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder t

4、o good schools andjobs.In a recent survey,it was found that only24.5percent ofJapanese students were fully satisfied with school life,comparedwith67.2percent of students in the United States.In addition,farmore Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs thandid their counterparts in

5、the10other countries surveyed.While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics,Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanicallearning over creativity and self-expression.“Those things that donot show up in the test scorespersonality,ability,courage or humanityare compl

6、etely ignored,”says Toshiki Kaifu,chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's educationcommittee.“Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.”Last year Japan experienced2,125incidents of school violence,including929assaults on teachers.Amid the outcry, many

7、conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education.Last year Mitsuo Setoyama,who was then education minister,raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World Warhad weakened the“Japanese morality of res

8、pect for parents.”But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles.“In Japan,”says educator Yoko Muro,“it's never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life,but only how much you can endure.”With economic growth has come centralization;fully76percent of Japan's119million ci

9、tizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated,two generation households.Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes(travels to and from workand crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken,the discomfort is be

10、ginning to tell.In the past decade,the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States,has increased by more than50percent,and suicides have increased by nearlyone-quarter.23.In the Westernerseyes,the postwar Japan was_. Aunder aimless developmentBa positive exampleCa rival t

11、o the WestDon the decline24.According to the author,what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?AWomen's participation in social activities is limited.BMore workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.CExcessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.DThe life-style ha

12、s been influenced by Western values.25.Which of the following is true according to the author?AJapanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladderBJapanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.CMore stress should be placed on the cultivation

13、 of creativity.DDropping out leads to frustration against test taking.26.The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that_.Athe young are less tolerant of discomforts in life.Bthe divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.Cthe Japanese endure more than ever beforeDthe Japanese appr

14、eciate their present life名师解析 23.In the Westernerseyes,the postwar Japan was_.在西方人看来,战后的日本是_。Aunder aimless development盲目发展Ba positive example一个积极的例子Ca rival to the West西方的竞争对手Don the decline在衰退中【答案】B【考点】事实细节题。【分析】文章第一段第一句就指出,“盲目性不是战后日本的特色,它的生产率和社会的和谐为美国和欧洲所羡慕。”也就是说是一个积极的正面的例子。A违反了第一句。C选项和D选项不是本文谈论的

15、话题。24.According to the author,what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?根据本文作者的观点,日本社会道德滑坡的主要原因是什么?AWomen's participation in social activities is limited.妇女参加社会活动受到限制。BMore workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.越来越多的工人对自己的工作感到不满。CExcessive emphasis has been pla

16、ced on the basics.过多地注重基础教育。DThe life-style has been influenced by Western values.生活方式受西方价值观的影响。【答案】D【考点】事实细节题。 【分析】文中第一段指出日本人正在逐渐经历传统工作道德价值观的日益滑坡,说“十年前,年轻人工作努力,将工作看作是生存(being的重要动力”,但是,日本目前在很大程度上满足了其经济发展的需要,年轻人反而不知道下一步的发展目标了。具体提到道德滑坡是在第三段,文中提到校园暴力,提到“保守党领导人正在力图重新重视战前那种道德教育”,“Mitsuo Setoyama”更是冒出“惊人之

17、语”(raise the eyebrows,他坚持认为二战后美国占领当局引进的自由改革削弱了“日本人尊敬父母的道德观”。而在下文,作者更是直接提出,“但是,这可能和日本人的生活方式关系更大。人们已经抛弃了社区和大家庭,而更加喜欢单门独户的两代人构成的家庭,旧的集体和家庭价值观被削弱”。由此可见,本题的答案就是D选项。25.Which of the following is true according to the author?在作者看来,以下哪一个是正确的?AJapanese education is praised for helping the young climb the soci

18、al ladder.日本的教育受人称道,因为它有助于年轻人攀登社会阶梯。BJapanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.日本教育的特点就是既有机械性的学习又有创造力的培养。CMore stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.应该更加强调创造力的培养上。DDropping out leads to frustration against test taking.辍学导致了对应试的挫折感。【答案】C 中国考博辅

19、导首选学校 【考点】 作者观点题。 【分析】 A说法是错误的，因为日本的教育受到外国人赞赏的原因是 “它强调整础教育”。B说法是错误的，因为文中提到“它强调考试和机 械学习而不是创造性和自我表现”。C是正确的，因为文中提到“它强调 考试和机械学习超过创造性和自我表现”。 “那些在考分中不能体现的东西 个性、能力、勇气或人性 完全被忽视了，”执政的自民党教育委 员会主席“Toshiki Kaifu”说，“这类事情造成的挫折致使孩子辍学以及 变得狂野”，这说明日本应该更加强调创造力的培养。D的说法是错误的， 因为文中说“这类事情造成的挫折致使孩子辍学以及变得狂野”， 该选项故 意混淆了原因和结果。

20、 26. The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that_. 日本人生活方式的变化体现在下面的 一个事实中。 A the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life 年轻人对现实生活中困苦的忍受力下降 B the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S. 日本的离婚率超过美国的 C the Japanese endure more than ever before 日本人忍受的东西比以前更多了 D the Japan

21、ese appreciate their present life 日本人欣赏他们目前的生活 【答案】 A 【考点】 事实细节题。 【分析】 文中提到教育家“Yoko Muro”。他说“在日本，你喜欢不喜 中国考博辅导首选学校 欢自己的工作和生活，这从来都不是问题，问题是你有多大的承受力”。 然 后在最后一段里面提到“家庭结构的改变，旧的集体和家庭价值观的削弱， 人们的不满凸现”。也就是说“日本人以前默默地忍受生活的困苦，但是， 现在年轻的日本人觉得这种牺牲太大，对此产生了逆反情绪”。因此可以判 定“日本人的生活方式的变化体现年轻人对现实生活中的困苦忍受力下 降”。B的说法是错误的，因为根据第

22、四段最后一句，“日本人的离婚率 仍然低于美国人的”。C在文中找不到很据。D可以根据“最近一次调查 发现只有24.5%的日本学生对学校生活完全满意，相比之下，美国学生的比 例是62.7%。此外，与被调查的其他10个国家的工人相比，对自身工作表示 不满的日本工人多得多”进行排除。 难句解析： 1. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are

23、already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japans rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. 【结构分析】 本句的主语有两个。一个是“The coming of age of the postwar baby boom”;另外一个是“an entry of women into the male-dominated job market”。谓语是“have limited”。宾语是“the opportunities of teen-ager

24、s”。“who” 引导一个定语从句修饰宾语。 “involved in climbing Japans rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs”是“personal sacrifices”的后置定语。 2. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the 中国考博辅导首选学校 American occupation authoritie

25、s after World War II had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents.” 【结构分析】 本句主句结构是“Mitsuo Setoyama raised eyebrows”。 插入语“who was then education minister”是主语的定语，“when” 引 导一个时间状语从句，“that”引导的从句做“argued”的宾语，该宾语从 句中主语是“liberal reforms”，谓语是“had weakened”，宾语是 “theJapanese morality of respect for parents”，“introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II”是“liberal reforms”的定语。 全文翻译： 盲目性不是战后日本的特色， 它的生产率和社会的和谐为美国和欧洲所 羡慕。 但是， 日本人正在逐渐经历传统工