英语单词的音节及读音规则

1、英语单词的音节及读音规则1 .音节概念在英语单词中元音特别响亮，一个发音的元音就可以构成一个音节，所以英语单词的音节是以发音的元音来确定的。只有一个发音的元音构成的单词称为单音节词，有两个发音的元音构成的单词称为双音节词，三个以上发音的元音构成的单词称为多音节词。例：双音节词：go,he,stand,think,please,Jake,_some,what,_glad,smoke,_child,_taught双音节词：teacher,brother,Sunday,neighbor,_darkness,breakfast,comment,_open多音节词：exercise,holiday,se

2、parate,celebrate,institute,opportunitymodernization注：一个单词音节数的多少弁不是按组成单词字母的多少来划分的。2 .单词重音在英语的双音节以上的单词中，有一个或两个读得特别响亮的音节，我们称为重读音节，国际音标上标有“'”这样的重读符号。一般说来一个单词只有一个重音。例：Sunday's?ndibeginbi'gn3 .开音节开音节一共有两种:一种叫绝对开音节，即直接以发音的元音字母结尾的单词。例：go（?,hehi:,non?,wewi:,whohu:另一种叫做相对开音节，即发音的元音字母后有一个辅音字母（r除外）再

3、加一个不发音的字母e。例：makemeik,noten?t,theseei:z,likelaik,useju:z4 .闭音节发音的元音字母后面有一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）时，这个元音字母构成的音节叫闭音节。如果单词重音在这个音节上，该闭音节就叫做重读闭音节。例：badb?d,thankf?_?k,deskdesk,sitsit,stickstik,fog_f?,shop?p;suns?n,mustm?st5 .兀首字母在开首节中的一般发首Aaei,Eei:,liai,Oo?,Uuju:例：taketeik,lateleit,hehi:,theme0:m,timetaim,nicenais,n

4、on?;jokej?k,tunetju:n,cutekju:t;6 .元音字母在重读闭音节中的一般发音Aa?,Eee,lii,Oo?,Uu?例：lampl?mp,planpl?n,wellwel,bestbest,millmil,wishwi?,hoth?t;dropdr?p,clubcl?b,butb?t7 .各兀首在开首节和闭首节的读首规则1)Aa开音节中多读ei字母本身的音。词例：name,plane,cake,take;但have中却发?重读闭音节中多读?。词例：bad,lamp,tank,cat,mapa的前面是辅音w时读作?。词例：want,wash,what,qualitya的后

5、面是ss,st,sp,sk,th,f,n时常读作a:。词例：class,fast,grasp,ask,bath,staff,dance,command2)Ee开音节中多读i:字母本身的音词例：he,she,be,these重读闭音节中多读e。词例：pen,yes,well,desk,best3) Ii(y)开音节中多读ai字母本身的音词例：like,time,bike,why,但give和live中却发i重读闭音节中多读i。词例：stick,ship,big,mill词尾是-nd和-ld时，i可读作ai词例：kind,find,child4) Oo开音节中多读?字母本身的音词例：no,home

6、,joke,smoke,joke但to,do,who,move,shoe中去口发u:重读闭音节中多读?。词例：hot,fog,shop,long,drop词尾是-st和-ld时，o可读作?词例：most,post,bold,cold,例外both,combo的后面是m,n,v,th时，可读作?词例：son,some,come,one,donelove,glove,mother,brother5)Uu开音节中多读?字母本身的音词例：use,tune,cute,muleu在辅音字母l,r,j后面时读作u:词例：blue,rule,true,June重读闭音节中多读?或u。词例：sun,but,cl

7、ub,must,full,put但truth,busy中却发u:8 .-r首节-re首节的读首规则ar常读作a:词例：car,park,large,star;但war,warm,ward却读?:er常读作3词例：verb,term,serve,stern;ir常读作3词例：girl,first,shirt,birdor常读作?:词例：horse,short,north,sport;但word,work,world却读:are常读作e?词例:ere常读作i?或e?ore常读作?:词例:ire常读作ai?词例:ur常读作:词例：burn,nurse,hurt,furcare,dare,stare,

8、rare词例：mere,here,there,were;但were却读3more,wore,sore,storefire,tire,hire,mireure常读作ju?或u?词例：pure,cure,manure,sure9 .元音字母组合的读音规则1)a+其它字母al常读作?:词例：ball,walk,talk,walk,also,其后有f或m时可读a:例：half,calm,palmau和augh常读作?:词例：cause,fault,launch;taught,daughter例外：laugha:aw常读作?:词例：law,saw,claw,awfulai和ay常读作ei词例：wait,

9、main;day,playair和are常读作e7词例：hair,pair,chair;fare,care,dare,stare,share2)e+其它字母ea常读作i:或e词例：meat,please,peace,clean;head,dead,lead,bread例外：great,break读彳乍eiee常读作i:词例：meet,three,steel,green,tree,street,needei和ie常读作i:词例：field,piece,ceiling,receive有时ei和ey一样。读作ei词区eight,neighbor;prey,grey例外：friend,读作eheigh

10、t读作ai,review读彳乍ju:ew常读作ju:词例：new,few,dew.ew在辅音字母l,r,j后面读作u:词例：blew,crew,Jewear常读作i?词例：hear,dear,tear;有时读e?词仞bear,wear,pear后面有辅音字母时读作3词例：learn,pearl,early,earth例外：heart,读作a:year读作j?eer常读作i7词例：deer,cheer,beer,pioneer,engineer3)o+其它字母oa常读作?词仞coat,boat,soap,floatoi和oy常读作?i词例：oil,voice,point;boy,joyoul常读

11、作?词例：could,would,shouldoo常读作u:词例：food,tooth,spoon,school,moon例外：foot,good,stood,读彳?;blood,flood读作?oo后面是k时读作?词例：book,look,cook,brook00r和oar常读作?:词例：door,floor;board,coarse例外：poor,读作u?ou常读作au或?词例：loud,house,mouth;young,touch,country,trouble例外：group,读作u:,youth读作ju:,soul,读作?ough常读作?:词例：bouught,fought,tho

12、ught例外：though,读彳?,through读作u:our常读作?:或au?词例：four,course,pour;our,hour,sour,flourow常读作au或?词例：now,how,town,down;slow,show,grow,snowowe或ower常读作au?词例：towel,vowel;power,flower4)i+其它字母ig或igh常读作ai词例：sign,design;sigh,light,night,bright,eightia,ie或io常读作ai?词仞dialogue,reliable;quiet,science;violet,violence5)u+

13、其它字母ui常读作ju:词例：suit,nuisanceui的前面有辅音字母l,r,j时，读作u:词例：sluice,fruit,juice例外：build读作i注：以上都是元音字母、-r音节和元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音规则。在非重读音节中基本上所有都弱化成短元音?。10 .辅音字母在单词中的读音规则1)Be常读作b或位于词尾不发音。词例：bed,book,bright;comb,lamb,tomb,climb2)Cc常读作k,s词例：cold,cleancat;nice,city,decide有时读作?词例：social,musician,precious3)Dd常读作d词例：day,d

14、esk,add,动词加-ed时-ed的读法- ed前是清辅音时(t除外)阳t词例：walked-kt,jumped-pt,missed-st,washed-?t- ed前是浊辅音时(d除外)，读作d词例：played-eid,robbed-bd,closed-zd,begged-J- ed前是t和d时，读作id词例：wanted-tid,needed-did4)Ff常读作f词例：five,wife,four,leaf有时读作?词例：social,musician,precious个别情况读作v词例：of?v或?v- )Gg常读作g|词例：girl,game,give,big,ago有时读作d?

15、尤其是在元音字母e前时此时词尾的ge读作d?,词例：large,page,college,village6)Hh常读作h词例：hot,house,head,handh有时不发音。词例：hour,honor,exhibit,rhyme7)Jj常读作d?词例：jam,joke,June,judge8)Kk常读作k词例：cake,week,kite,sky9)Ll常读作l词例：land,milk,belt,schooll有时不发音。词例：walkw?k,calmka:mio)Mm常读作m词例：name,meet,mother,comeii)Nn常读作n词例：line,nine,nicen在辅音音素k

16、和g之前读作?o词例：bank,think,uncle,finger,language12)Pp常读作p词仞pen,sleep,spring,picture13)Qq该字母一般很少单独出现，它常和元音字母u组成qu字母组合。常读作kw词例：question,quite,queeni4)Rr常读作r词例：road,right,read其次是构成r音节或re音节。15)Ss在词首时常读作s词例：sit,soap,skys在两个元音字母间常读作z词例：music,season,prisons在两个兀音字母和不发音的e之间有两种读法动词常读作z词例：close,lose,raise名词或形容词词常读作

17、s词例：base,case,close,coarses前或后是清辅音时常读作s词例：lamps,looks,waits;list,desk,husbands在辅音字母t之后常读作ts词例：students,streetss在辅音字母d之后常读作ds词仞beds,comrades,prides注s的读音规则较复杂，还得在具体的学习中去把握。16)Tt常读作t词例：tell,meet,ten,letter17)Vv常读作v词例：voice,love,vote,leave18)Ww常读作w词例：wait,sweet,wall,twin.有时不发音。词例：sword,answer19)Xx常读作ks词

18、例：box,exercise,text,excellentx后面是元音，而且又是重读音节时，常读作展词仞exam,exist,exact20)Yy出现在单词开头时常读作j词例：yes,year,yellow但出现在词尾时可能发ai或i的音，词例：satisfy,beautify,country。与元音字母构成组合时可能发元音ei词例：day,play21)Zz常读作z词例：zoo,maze,doze,zone11 .辅音字母组合的读音1) ch,tch读作t?词例：child,chart,teach,match,catch,watchch有时读作k词例：school,chemistry,character,stomach2)ck常读作k词例：neck,black,stick,pocket3)cc常读作k词仞accept,accident,success;according,accuse4)ce常读作s词例：nice,accept,rice,piece5)dge常读作d?词例：bridge,judge,lodge6)gu,gue常读作词例：guide,league,guess,dialogue7)ng,常读作?词例：sing,strong,sp