初中英语情态动词讲解_练习与答案

1、情态动词考点、热点回顾【词汇辨析】1. sometimes/ some times/sometime/ some time:sometimes:"有时”=at times. He is sometimes late for school.some times:"几次" I have been to Nanjing some times.sometime:“某时亥I bought it sometime last spring.We' ll meet again sometime next week.some time:"段时间“We have t

2、o stay here for some time.2. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little(1)many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词；都表示许多。例如：许多书许多牛奶(2)a few和a little 都表示"有一点儿"，侧重于肯定，相当于 "some",但a few修饰可数名词，a little修饰不可数名词，例如：He has a few friends in London.-Would you like some coffee?-Yes, just a little.(3)few和little

3、表示"几乎没有",侧重否定。few后接可数名词，little后接不可数名词。例如：He is a strange man. He has few words.Hurry up, there is little time left.【固定搭配】加-ingbe busy doing sth. 忙于做 eg: Mother is busy cooking.look forward to + doing sth. 期待做 eg: Tom looks forward to seeing his father again.Thank you for (doing) sth.为了 感谢你

4、eg: Thank you for your help.(have fun doing sth愉快地做某事eg: I had great fun playing in the water.=have a good time doing stheg: I had a good time playing in the water.have problem/trouble/difficulty (in)doing sth.做某事有困难eg: I have difficulty finishing my homework in 2 hours.【情态动词】又叫情态助动词。它们具有以下特点: 它们必须与

5、其他动词连用，即：情态动词+动词原形表示说话人对所述动作的看法，如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等。绝大多数情态动词没有人称和数的变化,即第三人称单数不加-s(以be和have开头的情态动词短语除外)。在意义上，情态动词具有“多义性”。例：can既可表示能力，又可表示可能、允许等意义。【情态动词的基本用法】1. can的基本用法：表示体力或智力上的能力，即“ 能够，会:可与be able to 转换=例： He can speak English. = He is able to speak English. Can you play basketball?-No, I can ' t.如果表

6、示 将来 具备的能力，要用 will be able to 。例：If I have a good sleep, I will be able to do the problem. 表示许可，主要用于口语，书面语一般用may。例： Can we go home now, please?-No, you can ' t.You can only smoke in this room.You can ' t keep the library books for more than a month.表示“可能”，与may同义，但一般用在疑问句中。例： What can he poss

7、ibly want?在否定句中，否定形式can ' t表示推测“不大可能”。例： Anybody can make mistakes.The news can ' t be true.与第一、二人称连用时，还可以就可能的解决问题的方式或可能的行为提出建议。在这里，也可用could使语气婉转。例：Can / Could we meet again next week?下周我们可以再见面吗？ What shall we do?我们怎么办呢？我们可以请露茜帮忙试试看。 你可以帮我做饭。-We can / could try asking Lucy for help. You can

8、/ could help me with the cooking.2. may的基本用法表示“许可”，用can比较口语化。例：You may / can come if you wish.如果你想来，你就来。You may not pick flowers in this park.本公园内不许摘花。（may not表示按规定不许可，如果用 mustn ' t则表示说话人不许可。-May | I smoke here?我可以在这里抽烟吗？一 No, you mustn ' t. |不行。（ mustn '表示明确的禁止。）肯定句中表示推测，“可能”。例：It may r

9、ain tomorrow.明天可能会下雨。The news may not be true.这个消息可能不会是真的。注意：如果在疑问句中表示“可能”，通常用 画。例：Can it be true?那会是真的吗？Who can he be?,他究竟是谁呢？【注意】：一May I/we ?Yes , you may |./ No , you mustn ' f.3. must 的基本用法 表示必须，强调说话人的主观意志。例：I must go now, or I 'll be late.You must be here by _ ten o ' clock.【注意】：表示&

10、quot;必须"时， must的否定式为needn ' t ,或don ' t have to，而不是mustn ' t。也就是：一Must I/we do it now ?Yes , you must . | No , you |needn ' t / don ' t have to .例:一Must I go with them? No, you 表示推丽，一般只用于 肯画恋句，表示非常肯定。例：She didn ' t look at me. She must be angry.她不朝我看，一定是生气了。He is good at

11、 English. He must know the word.他英语好，准知道这个词。You must be Mr. Jones.想必您就是琼斯先生吧。4. have to 的基本用法:have tohave to可视为情态动词，但它与其他情态动词在用法上稍有不同。其他情态动词没有人称和数的变化，而 却有人称和数的变化，要视主语的不同而变化。例：I / You / We / They have to .He / She / It has to .You don ' t have to .Does she have to ?have to =have got to , 意思是“必须，不

12、得不 “。和must不同之处：must强调主观需要have to强调客观需要。例：Sorry, I have to leave now.对不起，现在我得走了。I' ve got to go to a meeting. 我得去参加一个会议。Will he have to work deep into the night?他将不得不工作到深夜吗？5. need 的基本用法：need的基本词义是“需要”，它既可作情态动词，又可作实义动词。need用作情态动词时，只用于否定句和疑问句。它只有一种形式，后接动词原形。例：I don ' t believe you need worry.我

13、相信你没有必要焦急。 Need we go so soon?我们需要这么早就去吗？一Yes, we must . / No, we needn ' t.是的，必须。/不，不必。So I needn ' t tell him, need I?所以我不需要告诉他，对吧？请比较以下两句话的不同意思：You needn ' t buy the coat.你没有必要买那件外衣。（你还没买）You needn : t hqvebought the coat.你没有必要买这件外衣的。（而你却买了）注意 : Need | I/we ?Yes . you must I./ No, you

14、 needn ' t 1/ don ' t have to .need用作第义动词可,有时态、人称和数的变化。如果人作主语，一般后接带 to的动词不定式。即 need to do sth 如果 物作主语，一般后用 need to be done 或 need doing sth-。例如：I need to look up this word in the dictionary.My watch needs mending / to be mended .我的手表需要修理了。We don ' t need to work today. (= We needn '

15、t work today.) Does he need to go right now? (= Need he go right now?)6. had better的基本用法：had bette r常略作:d better 。现代语法认为它是一个助动词，因为它后接不带 to的动词不定式。 had better do sth 度思是“最好做某事；还是做某事比较好”。例：You' d better get some sleep.你最好睡一会儿。You ' d better not do that again.你最好别再做那件事。What had we better do now?

16、我们现在怎么做才好呢？Hadn ' t we better tell her the truth?我们是否最好不告诉她真相？注意:| You' dbetter.表示劝告或委婉的命令，对长辈不宜使用。7. could, should, would, might表示推测:.must多用于肯定句中表示 把握性极大的推测，意思为“ 一定、肯定”。如：You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.你已辛苦工作一整天了 ，一定累了。The book must be his. His name is on the cover.这本书一定是他的

17、，封面上写着他的名字。【注意】must不表推测时，在肯定句中意思为“必须（强调内在的职责）”否定句中意思为“不许、禁止”，以它开头的疑问句否定回答常用 needn ' t或don ' t （doesn ' t） have to如:We must obey the traffic rules. 我们必须遵守交通规则。Cars mustn ' t be parked here. 此处严禁停车。 Must we hand in the papers this week?我们必须本星期交论文吗？- No, you needn '不,你们不必（本星期交）。.can

18、 / could多用于否车句、疑问句 或感叹句中表示推测、怀疑，两者在时间上没有差别。用 can时不相信的程度更强一些，can，11常常译为| “不可能”。如：The man under the tree can' t be Tom. He ' s gone to England.人不可能是 Tom,他已经去英国了。Can it be true that he was fooled by a five-year-old boy?他被一个五岁的孩子愚弄了，这能是真的吗？Could this be an excuse?这会不会是个借口 ？How can you be so care

19、less! 你怎么这样粗心 ！.may / might 多用来表示 把握性不大的推测，意思为"也许、可能"，might比may的把握性更小一些。may not |在否定句中常常译为| “可能不口？（注意区分“不可能”与“可能不” 在把握性大小上的差异。）如:Mr. Wang may know Professor Li ' s telephone amber.王先生也许知道李教授的电话号码。This might be the key Tom has been looking for.这可能就是汤姆一直在找的钥匙。She may not be there today.今

20、天她可能不在那儿。:、典型例题【中考链接】()1. Who is the man over there? Is it Mr. Li?D.needn ' tD. can'tNo, it be him. Mr. Li is much taller.A. mustn ' t B. may noC. can ' t( )2.- Must I go with them tomorrow ?No , youA. mustn'tB. shouldn'tC. needn't ( )3. 一 I take some photos in the hall?N

21、o, you.A. Can, needn ' t B. M ust, mustn ' t C. Could, won ' t D. May, mustn ( )4.- Dad, must I finish my homework today?No, you. You may do it tomorrow.A. needn ' tB. mustn ' tC. don ' tD. won ' t ( )5.- The lake is said to be dry. Is that true?It.Look, some kids are swi

22、mming in it.A. must be trueB. can ' t be true C. may not be true( )6.- What is your mother going to do this Saturday?一I ' m not sure. She go to see my grandmother.A. canB. mustC. may( )7.- Susan has bought a large house with a swimming pool.It be very expensive. I never even dream about it.A

23、. mustB. mightC. can ' tD. shouldn ' t( )8. Listen! Is Professor Johnson giving a report in the hall?No, it be him. He has gone to Japan.A. needn ' t B. may notC. mustn ' tD. can ' t()9 . Let ' s go to the West Hill Park by taxi.Oh, it is not far away from here. We take a tax

24、i.A. couldn ' t B. mustn ' tC. needn ' tD. can ' t()10 . Can you play the piano?Yes, I. I often practice it on weekends.A. needn ' t B. needC. can ' tD. can三、课后练习、 用 can, may, must, need, have to, had better的适当形式填空：1. You return the library book on time.2. I(not) find the way

25、 to the hospital.you show me the way?3. 一 I finish the work right now?No, you(not). You do it later.4. He said he(not) come tonight.5. Her mother was ill. She stay at home and look after her.6. It ' s time for class. You stop playing football or you be late for class.7. We start right now, or th

26、ey would get there first.8. The cloud is lifting, so it(not) be a rainy day tomorrow.二、选择填空Yes, youA. must B. canC. mayD.need,Doctor?( )1. Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon?( )2.- Must I be in hospital for a week-No, you A. mustn ' t.You can go back home tomorrow.B. needn '()3

27、. The desk is not dirty. YouA. mustn ' tB. shouldn '()4. May I watch TV for a whiletC. must_clean it.tC. needn' t?C. canNo, you A. shouldn.You have to finish your homework first.'t B. needn ' tC. mustn 'D. won ' t( )5.Is Jessica giving us a speech this evening?-No, it A.

28、mustn) A. ) A.6. Itcanbe her. She 't; has gone's the library! So youB. mustto Japan.B. mustn ' t ;has beenC. canknow shouting is not allowed here.C. needD. mayt ;has goneD. can ' t ;has been7. Boys and girls, don can ' t finish B. can't forget your report . It't be finish

29、edtoday.C. should finishD. should be finished( )8. Mr Smith must have been to your home this morning.一No, heA. couldn,because he didn'tB. can ' t't know my address.C. mustnD. may not( )9. Must I mop up the window now?No, you.A. needn ' tB. can ' tC. shouldnD. mustn ' t()10. I

30、s Lucy knocking at the door? No. ItA. neednbe Lucy. She is in Japan now.B. mustC. can ' t()11. Another cup of coffee? No, thanks. Ibe off. Mary is waiting for me.A. can()12. 一 I '_ WeA. canB. may m a little tired. Let take a taxi. ItB. mustnC. mustD. might's go to the zoo by taxi.'s

31、not far from here.()13. If the traffic light is red, youA.don ' tB. mustn ' ttC. couldn cross the road. It C.needn 'D. needn ' t's very dangerous.D. wouldn ' t( )14. Must I finish watering the flowers now?No, youA. mustB. won' tC. needn 'D. can ' t( )15. I can 

32、9; t give up smoking, doctor.For your health, I' m afraid you.A. mayB. canC. have toD. must( )16. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it be rather cold sometimes.A. mustB. canC. shouldD. would( )17. Our class won the English speaking contest.Congratulations! You be very proud of it.A

33、. canB. needC. wouldD. must( )18. Excuse me, where are we going to have our class meeting? 一I ' m not sure. Ask our monitor, please. Heknow.A. canB. mayC. needD. shall( )19. I borrow these magazines? Sorry, only the magazines over there can be borrowed.A. MustB. WouldC. MayD. Need()20. If the tr

34、affic light is red, you_ cross the road. ItA.don ' tB.needn ' tC. mustn ' tD. wouldn ' ts dangerous.情态动词典型例题例 1 答案 C 分析：表示否定的猜测用can t 。 must 表示推测时，意为“一定”，只能用于肯定句，而must 的否定 must not ( mustn't )表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“不准”、“禁止”等。例 2 答案 C 分析：在回答带有must 的问句时，否定式常用need not (= needn't) ，表示“不必”，而不用 must not ，因为 must not 表示“不可以”。例 3 答案 D 分析：本题第一句是请求对方的允许，需要用May ，其否定式为mustn t 。例4答案A。对于以情态动词 must提问的疑问句，否定回答要用"主NO, +needn '