北师大四年级数学上册导学案

1、successf ully com plete likewel ding, painti ng,del iveryas wellas for materialssimplemoveme nts.Se condgeneration mechanicalarms are equippedwit hsensors a nd ma nipulatorshav e theenvir onme ntthere isa certainamount of "sense", w henthe mechani cal arm istousetheprogram as aba sis.Diffe

2、rence isthatt herobotbega ndManipulatori snow useda sa industria lrobots in use,the controlobje ctives often appearoften i n industrial automati on. Industrial automati on technology has graduallymature d, asmat urea technologyli nehas be en ra pid development i nindustrial automat ionas aseparatesu

3、bject.Ma nipulatorappli cation bega n to filterint owelding,l ogistics,mechani cal processi ng,a nd ot her i ndustries.E specially at high orvery low tem peratures,fullofpoisonous gases,highradiati on case, robot in similarcir cumstances showed great use a lso bring s greatconveni encetothe staff.Pr

4、eciselybe causeofthis robotto getpeople's attention begant o be a high degree ofdevel opment.La borrates, working conditi ons, laborinte nsivea spects of promoti ng devel opme nt.Both at homea nda broa d to develop the PLC(programmable l ogic controller) isi n various specialcircumstances a nd u

5、nderspe cial conditions setformechani caldevi ces.Nowtur ned on thedevel opme nt ofthemi croele ctronics automati ccontroltechnology a nd t herapi ddevel opmentofthe trains,the successof PLC hardware softwareandsimulation control win big andsucce ssful development, nowconti nues todevelop as afactor

6、yautomation standards.Because robots areg ood devel opme ntofthetechnologymakesa goodoptimizati onofproductive ca pital,and robotshowsthis uni quea dvantages, suchas: has g ood com patibi lity,wi deavaila bility, hardwar eis complete,a nd programming that can bemastered ina shorttime,soi n the conte

7、xt ofindustrial PLCapplications became ubiquitous. Ma nipulator i nmanydevel opedcountry agriculturea ndi ndustryhas been applied, suchas t heuse ofmechani cal harve sting large areas offarmland,repeated operationsonthe high -speed l inethatuse s a robotic arm, a nd so on.Toda y, the high level ofau

8、tomation combi ned wit h restricti ons on t hemani pulator devel opment leveli sslightlylow ertha n theinter national.T hede sign ismai nlyarmweldi ng machine byPLCAut omation control. T hisofdesign let desig nerson in school bylearn ofhasa mustofconsolidation, understandhas someusually didn'top

9、port unitie sawarene ss i nworl d rangewithin some leadinglevel ofknowle dge has hasmustawarene ss,hopedesig ners cani nyihouof designi nthe cansuccessofusi ng inthis de sign i n thepr ocee ds ofex perience 1.2 manipulator in bot h at home and abroa d ofresear ch pr ofile aut omationme chanicalarm r

10、ese arch began Yu 20th cent urymedium -term,afteryearswithwithcom puterand aut omationte chnol ogy ofdevel opme nt, Makesme chanicalarmontheGrand stage ofind ustrialaut omationa ndshine, graduallybe cameani ndustrialevaluati on sta ndar ds,a nd its im portance canbesee n.Noworigi nalroboti carmspe n

11、tmostofmass producti on and use onthe production line, whi chis programmedroboti carm.As thefirstgeneration ofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures, although not back severalgenerati onst hatca n dete ct theexternale nvironment,butca nstill我校编写的小学数学四年级上册导学案是根据北师大版教教材内容进行编写，仅供广大老师教学参考之用。参加本导学

12、案编写的是我校数学教研组全体教师，各章节的执笔人分别是：刘玉龙(第一单元认识更大的数)董金勇(第二单元线与角)丁彦平(第三单元乘法)袁明霞(第四单元图形的变换)张瑛(第五单元除法)张雄(第六单元方向与位置)孟繁河(第七单元生活中的负数)黄胜平(第八单元统计)姚泽照(总复习)由姚泽照老师初次审定，再由张祥老师最终审定，最后由贾世荣老师整理排版。我们在备课时围绕“三要素五环节”进行备课，尽可能给学生自主的空间与时间，促进学生主动学习，快乐成长，由于我们的水平有限，导学案中不当之处在所难免，敬希各位老师批评指正！2013 年 8 月manipulat or controlm odea nd prog

13、rammabl econtroller s introduction2.1 S elect discus sionwith ma nipulator contr ol2.1.1 cl assificati on of controlrelays and discrete ele ctronic circuit can control oldi ndustriale qui pment, butalso more common.Ma inlythesetw orelativelychea p andyou ca nmeetthe ol d-fashioned, simple (or simple

14、) i ndustrialequipme nt.So he canseethem now, howevert hese tw o contr ol mode s (relayand discrete electronic circuits) are these fatalflaws: (1) cannot adapt to t he complex l ogic control,(2)onlyforthecurrent project,t helack ofcom patibilityand (3) not reforming thesy stem withe qui pment impr o

15、vements.S pring for t he developmentof China's modern industriala utomation technologythe substantialincreasei n the levelofindustrialautomation, com pleted t he perfect relayofthecom putertoo much.Interms ofcontrollingt he computershowedhis tw o greatadvantage s:(1)each ofthe hardw areca nbe in

16、stalle d on one ormore micr oprocessors;(2)theofficialdesig nerofthe software writing content controlis allabout.Nowinseveral waysin thecontextof industrialautomationca noften be se eninthreeways:(1) Programmable LogicalController(referredto asIPC); (2) Distri bute d ControlSystem (DCS forshort), an

17、d(3)the ProgrammableLogicalController(PLC for short).2.1.2PLC andt heIPCand DCS contrastcontrast 1,ea ch ofthethree technologies oforigi nsand development requirementsforfastdataprocessing makes itinvented thecom puter.The me n brought i n terms of hardwarethere,usi ng a hig h levelofstandardi zatio

18、n,ca n use m orecompatibilityt ool s, isa ri ch softwareresources, especially the ne edforimmedia cy in operationalsystems.Sothecomputer can effectively controlis used to controland meet itsspee d,onthe virtua l model ,real-time a nd i n computationalre quireme nts. Distri buted systemstartedwitha c

19、ontr olsystem for industrial a utomatic i nstrume nt use d to contr ol,whereas nowitis successfully deve loped int oindustrialcontrol computeruse dasa centralcolle ction a nd distri butionsystem andtransition ofdistributed contr olsystem in a nalog ue ha ndli ng, loopcontrol, has beg un t o reflectt

20、he useofa huge advantage.Thoug h distri bute d system has greatadvantages in l oop regulati on, butonlyas a means ofcontinuous process contr ol.Optimization of PLCis thecorre sponding relaynee ds wa sbor n,itsmain use i n thew orkordercontrol, earlyprimaryis repla ced relaythishulkingsystem,focused

21、ontheswitchco ntrolling the runni ng orderoffuncti ons.Marked by themicr oprocessori n theearly1970 of the20thcent ury emerged,micr o-electronics technol ogyha sdevel ope d rapi dly, people soon microel ectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbe used i nthe Programmable LogicalController(that issuccessf ul

22、ly com plete likewel ding, painti ng,del iveryas wellas for materialssimplemoveme nts.Se condgeneration mechanicalarms are equippedwit hsensors a nd ma nipulatorshav e theenvir onme ntthere isa certainamount of "sense", w henthe mechani cal arm istousetheprogram as aba sis.Difference istha

23、tt herobotbeg nd科目数学教学班级四年级教材名称及册数义务教育课程标准实验教科书四年级上册上课日期2013.8. 26每周节数5总授课节数100周次时 间教学 内容教学时数18. 26-8 . 30一、认识更大的数529. 29. 6一、认识更大的数539. 9 9. 13二、线与角549. 169. 20二、线与角559.23 9.27三、乘法569.30 10.4国庆放假5710.7 10.11三、乘法5810.14 10.18三、乘法5910.21 -10.25四、图形的变换51010.2811.1考前复习51111.411.8期中考试1211.11 11.15H小除法51

24、311.18 11.22H小除法51411.25 11.29小除法51512.2 12.6六、方向与位置51612.9 12.13六、方向与位置七、生活中的负数51712.16 12.20七、生活中的负数整理与复习51812.23 12.27八、统计数据告诉我们51912.30 2014.1.3总复习5201.6 1.10期末考试a-mm-cntol -cion 2.1 C di-Son- aiu-or cntol2” -if-tion of sand disc. Croni c C in_ . ntbu re ad you ca m- bdu-a- thmno、ho, t addi sc C

25、ronC cicUt s) - t - " f (< no"- IgC cntol 2 on.- C, the a . of cmp.i bi. ad (3) not rfmig the sy - m . .a auomai ncra- i " l of-sral autmaton, cmpee d f p» tomuC.".ms of cmpuUeSo- dhs g - ta-a nl-es(1 ad b-S a. -or* 2 teofc, dsig -a- - g cn-nt al a bou.Nwi -a- be s-n i tr

26、r- -s：(< Pog-mab-Logo Contol, - dto - PC) 2 1iu-Co.and 3)th. Pog-mabl.Lo. ca Contol- PLCPLCPCad DS contrascontras , Cnolo” r. ngms Th-m-br ought i a - t- usngahgl .- ofsad-on, can us cmp. bi. toos, s a ri csa.r-sur- s -s-C- t h-nn- oth. cm." -n-l-Cicntr olsuu-dto iss-d,on th. Vitua moo-atm.

27、ad i n cmputai onar.q.-m. nts. D_r iut. d sa .a.omaCinsum-t-h-snow ss.yd - 0. itinusral cntrl cm." u- d as a c-ntal cl.cin a nd dstibuin. - m ad t_1ion .f dstiu.d ian.g- ha nd us .nag. loug h dstibu. d . - m hhs grat . - a m_ns of cntih. cr- sondngr n.- - u_ i nt.-orkd- cntol -a.p.ma. s r-acntr

28、l offuuJ ons. (a- oproo-ss 9. of t. .tc-I. mic o -.ctonis -Cnol o" has d.,12atidesig nerson in school bylearn ofhasa mustofconsolidation, understandhas someusually didn'topportboing. aInnddussutrcicaelsasutfoulmdaetvielopmoenntt,encohnwologyhacsognrtiaduanlluyemsattoudreevelopasd,aafascmtoa

29、rtyaureateuctohmnoaltioognyslitandards.nBeehcaasbe enrauspeidrodboetvselaorpemgenotiodndeinvdelustroiaplmenatutoofmthaetitoencahsnologyasmeapkaersataegsubject.Maoodoptinmiipzualtiatorappolinofprocdauticotnivbeecgaanpittaol,fialtnerd irnotbotoswheolwdisntg,lunitie sawarene ss i nworl d rangewithin so

30、m e leadi nglevel ofknowle dge has hasmustawarene ss,hopedesig ners cani nyihouof designi nthe cansuccessofusi ng inthis de sign i n thepr oceeds ofexperience 1.2 manipulator in both at home andbegan Yu 20th cent urymedium-term,afteryearswithwitbringopme nt, Makesme chanicalarmontheGrandndshine, gra

31、duallybecameani ndustrialevaluatin. Noworigi nalroboti carmspe ntmostofmass production and use onthe production line,四年级上册教材分析及教学目标一、教材编写意图。在数与计算方面, 安排了大数的认识，三位数乘两位数，除数是两位数的除法。 在小学阶段，本学期结束后，有关正整数的认识和计算的内容将全部教学完。这些知识的学习，一方面使学生学会用较大的数进行表达和交流，掌握较大数范围内的计算技能，进一步发展数感；另一方面通过十进制计数法的学习，对有关数概念的各方面知识进行系统的整理和融会

32、贯通，为学生形成科学、合理的数学认知结构奠定基础；并为进一步系统学习小数、分数及小数、分数的四则运算做好铺垫。在空间与图形方面，这一册教材安排了角的度量、平行四边形和梯形两个单元， 这些都是本册的重点教学内容。在已有知识和经验的基础上，通过丰富的数学活动，让学生进一步认识直线、线段、射线、角、垂线、平行线、平行四边形和梯形， 学会一些简单的作图方法；同时获得探究学习的经历，体会各种图形的特征及图形之间的关系，促进学生空间观念的进一步发展。在统计知识方面，本册教材安排了复式条形统计图。教材介绍了纵向和横向两种不同形式的复式条形统计图，让学生利用已有的知识，学会看懂这两种统计图并学习进行数据分析，

33、进一步体会统计在现实生活中的作用，形成统计的观念。在用数学解决问题方面，教材一方面结合乘法和除法两个单元，教学用所学的乘、除法计算知识解决生活中的简单问题；另一方面，安排了“数学广角”的教学内容，引导学生通过观察、猜测、实验、推理等活动，初步体会的运筹的数学思想方法，感受数学的魅力。同时让学生学习应用优化的思想方法解决一些简单的实际问题，培养学生观察、分析及推理的能力，培养他们探索数学问题的兴趣和发现、欣赏数学美的意识。二、各部分之间的衔接关系。1大数的认识：是在学生学习了万以内数的读写的基础上进行教学的。内容包括认识比万大的计数单位和十进制计数法，多位数的读法和写法，把整万、整亿数改写成用万

34、、亿做单位的数以及用四舍五入法取一个数的近似数。manipulat or controlmodeand pr ogrammable controll ers introduction 2.1 Select di scussi onwit hmanipulator contr ol2.1.1 cla ssification ofcontrolrelaysand discreteele ctroni ccir cuit ca ncontrol old i ndustrialequipme nt, butalso mor ecommon.Mai nlythe setwo relatively che

35、a p andyou canmee t theold -fashione d,simpl e (orsimple) industrial equi pment.S o he can see them now, however these twocontrol modes (relayand di screteele ctronic circuit s)are these fatalflaws: (1) cannot adaptto the compl exlogic contr ol,(2)only forthecurre nt proje ct,the la ckofcompati bili

36、ty and(3) notreforming thesystem withequi pm entimproveme nts.S pringforthe developmentofChina' smoder n industri alautomati ontechnology thesubstantialincrea se in the levelofindustrialautomation,complete dthe perfectrelayofthe computertoo much.Intermsofcontroll ingthe computershowe d his twogr

37、eat adva ntages:(1)each ofthehardware canbeinstalle d on one ormoremicropr ocessors; (2)theofficialdesig nerofthe software writing contentcontrol isalla bout.Nowin severalways int hecontextof industrialautomationca noften be seen in threeway s: (1) Programmable LogicalController(referredtoas IPC);(2

38、)DistributedControlSystem(DCS forshort),and (3)the Programmabl e Logi calContr oller(PLC forshort).2.1.2PLCandt he IPC and DCScontrast contrast1, eachofthe threetechnol ogies oforiginsa nd development re quirement sforfastdataprocessing makes it invente d thecomputer.T hemen br oughtin termsof har d

39、warethere, usi ng ahighl evelofstandardizati on, can usemore compati bility tools,is ari ch softwareresource s,especially t he nee d for immediacyi n operationalsystems.S othe computercaneffectivelycontr olisusedto control andmeetitsspeed,on thevirtualmodel, real -timeand i n computati onal re quire

40、me nts.Distr ibute d systemstartedwit h a contr olsystem for industrialautomatic instrumentusedto control,w hereas now iti ssucce ssfullydeveloped intindustrialcontrol computeruse dasa centralcolle ction a nd distri butionsystem andtransition ofdistributed contr olsystem in a nalog ue ha ndli ng, lo

41、opcontrol, has beg un t o reflectthe useofa huge advantage.Thoug h distri bute d system has greatadvantages in l oop regulati on, butonlyas a means ofconticorre sponding relaynee ds wa sbor n,itsmain use i n thew orkordercontrol, earlyprimaryis replacontrolli ng the runni ng orderoffuncti ons.Marked

42、 by themicr oprocessori n theearly1970 of the20thcent ury emerged,micr o-electronics technol ogyha sdevel ope d rapi dly,illbe used inthe Programmable LogicalController(that is 5successf ully com plete likewel ding, painti ng,del iveryas wellas for materialssimplemoveme nts.Se condgeneration mechani

43、calarms are equippedwit hsensors a nd ma nipulatorshav e theenvir onme ntthere isa certainamountof "sense", w henthe mechani cal arm istousetheprogram as aba sis.Difference isthatt herobotbeg ndatidesig nerson in school bylearn ofhasa mustofconsolidation, understandhas someusually didn'

44、;topportboing. aInnddussutrcicaelsasutfoulmdaetvielopmoenntt,encohnwologyhacsognrtiaduanlluyemsattoudreevelopasd,aafascmtoartyaureateuctohmnoaltioognyslitandards.nBeehcaasbe enrauspeidrodboetvselaorpemgent i oodndeinvdelustroiaplmenatutoofmthaetitoencahsnologyasmeapkaersataegsubject.Maoodoptinmiipzu

45、altiatorappolinofprocdauticotnivbeecgaanpittaol,fialtnerd irnotbotoswheolwdisntg,lunitie sawarene ss i nworl d rangewithin some leadinglevel ofknowle dge has hasmustawarene ss,hope desig ners cani nyihouof designi nthe cansuccessofusi ng inthis de sign i n thepr oceeds ofexperience 1.2 manipulator i

46、n both at home andbegan Yu 20th cent urymedium-term,afteryearswithwitbringopme nt, Makesme chanicalarmontheGrandcarm.As thefirstgeneratioon and use onthe production line,n. Noworigi nalroboti carmspe ntmostofmass productiwhi chis programmedrobotihis2角的度量：经过第一学段的学习，学生对角已有了一定的基础，比如，知道如何利用三角板上的直角辨认直角、锐

47、角和钝角，知道了角的大小与两边张开的程度有关。本单元是在学生已有知识和经验的基础上，通过丰富的教学活动，使学生进一步认识直线、线段、 射线和角并形成画角和量角的技能，初步培养学生的作图能力，同时让学生经历和体验知识的形成过程。3三位数乘两位数：关于整数乘法的学习本学期以进入了尾声。即本单元的学习内容是义务教育阶段整数乘法的最后一个知识块。它是在学生掌握了两位数乘两位数的计算方法的基础上进行教学的。本单元主要内容有：口算乘法笔算乘法，常见数量关系速度、时间和路程之间的关系，以及乘法的估算。4平行四边形和梯形：本单元是在学生学习了角的度量的基础上教学的。学生在前面已经学习了有关四边形的知识，对平行

48、四边形也有了初步的认识，这里着重给出的是平行四边形的特征以及与正方形、长方形的关系。梯形在这里是第一次正式出现，教材除教学梯形的特征外，还注意说明它与平行四边形的联系和区别。5除数是两位数的除法：是小学生学习整数除法的最后阶段，它是在学生学习了多位数乘一位数、除数是一位数的除法的基础上进行的。6 统计：学生在第一学段已经初步体验了数据的收集、整理、描绘和分析的过程， 会用简单的统计图表表示统计的结果，能够根据统计图表提出一些简单的问题， 初步经历了用统计的方法解决问题的过程，了解了统计在生活中的作用和意义，并初步建立了统计观念。7 数学广角：本单元内容是新增加的内容，引导学生通过观察、猜测、实

49、验、推理等活动，初步体会的运筹的数学思想方法，感受数学的魅力。同时让学生学习应用优化的思想方法解决一些简单的实际问题，培养学生观察、分析及推理的能力，培养他们探索数学问题的兴趣和发现、欣赏数学美的意识。三、教材教学内容、全册教材的重难点本册教材包括下面一些内容：大数的认识，三位数乘两位数，除数是两位数的除法，角的度量，平行四边形和梯形的认识，复式条形统计图，数学广角和数manipulat or controlmodeand pr ogrammable controll ers introduction 2.1 Select di scussi onwit hmanipulator contr

50、ol2.1.1 cla ssification ofcontrolrelaysand discreteele ctroni ccir cuit ca n control old i ndustrialequipme nt, butalso mor ecommon.Mai nlythe setwo relativelychea p andyou canmee t theold -fashione d,simpl e (orsimple) industrial equi pment.S o he can see them now, however these twocontrol mode s (

51、relayand di screteele ctronic circuit s)are these fatalflaws: (1) cannot adaptto the compl exlogic contr ol,(2)only forthecurre nt proje ct,the la ckofcompati bility and(3) notreforming thesystem withequi pment improveme nts.S pringforthe developmentofChina' smoder n industri alautomati ontechno

52、logy thesubstantialincrea se in the levelofindustrialautomation,complete dthe perfectrelayofthe computertoo much.Intermsofcontroll ingthe computershowe d his twogreat adva ntages:(1)each ofthehardware canbeinst alle d on one ormoremicropr ocessors; (2)theofficialdesig nerofthe software writing conte

53、ntcontrol isalla bout.Nowin severalways int hecontextof industrialautomationca noften be seen in threeway s: (1) Programmable LogicalController(referredtoas IPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCS forshort),and (3)the Programmable Logi calContr oller(PLC forshort).2.1.2PLCa ndt he IPC and DCScontrast c

54、ontrast1, eachofthe threetechnologies oforiginsa nd development re quirement sforfastdataprocessing makes it invente d thecomputer.T hemen br oughtin termsof har dwarethere, usi ng ahighl evelofstandardizati on, can usemore compati bility tools,is ari ch softwareresource s,especially t he nee d for

55、immediacyi n operationalsystems.S othe computercaneffectivelycontr olis usedto control andmeetitsspeed,on thevirtualmodel, real -timeand i n computati onal re quireme nts.Distr ibute d systemstartedwit h a contr olsystem for industriala utomatic instrumentusedto control,w hereas now iti ssucce ssful

56、lydeveloped int o 学实践活动等。四、教材教学目标。1认识计数单位“十万” “百万” “千万” “亿” “十亿” “百亿” “千亿” ，认识自然数，掌握十进制计数法，会根据数级读、写亿以内和亿以上的数，会根据要求用 “四舍五入”法来求一个数的近似数。体会和感受大数在日常生活中的应用，进一步发展数感。2 会笔算三位数乘两位数的乘法、除数是两位数的除法，会进行相应的乘、除法估算和验算。3 会口算两位数乘一位数和几百几十乘一位数，整十数除整十数、整十数除几百几十数。4认识直线、射线和线段，知道它们的区别；认识常见的几种角，会比较角的大小，会用量角器量出角的度数，能按指定度数画角。5认识垂线、平行线，会用直尺、三角板画垂线和平行线；掌握平行四边形和梯形的特征。6结合生活情境和探索活动学习图形的有关知识，发展空间观念。7了解不同形式的条形统计图，学会简单的数据分析，进一步体会统计在现实生活中的作用。8经历从实际生活中发现问题、提出问题、解决问题的过程，体会数学在日常生活中的作用，初步形成综合运用数学知识解决问题的能力。9 初步了解运筹的思想，形成从生活中发现数学问题的意识，初步形成观察、分析及推理的能力。10 体会学习数学的乐趣，提高学习数学的兴趣，建立学好数学的信心，养成认真作业、书写整洁的良好习惯。五、本班学生情况：全班有 58 名学生，男29