英语翻译chapter 3

1、 前一章中讨论了词义的选择。应该说，在翻译前一章中讨论了词义的选择。应该说，在翻译过程中，绝大部分单词都已具备了所需的词义，过程中，绝大部分单词都已具备了所需的词义，只要用上面的方法去选，把恰当的词义选出来只要用上面的方法去选，把恰当的词义选出来就行了。但也有一部分单词，翻译时在英语字就行了。但也有一部分单词，翻译时在英语字典中找不到恰当的词义或其词面意义不足以确典中找不到恰当的词义或其词面意义不足以确切的表达原意，需要把词义引申一下才能确切切的表达原意，需要把词义引申一下才能确切表达。这种情况叫词义引申。需要引申的可能表达。这种情况叫词义引申。需要引申的可能是单词、词组或整个句子。下面讨论一

2、下引申是单词、词组或整个句子。下面讨论一下引申的方法和引申的注意点。的方法和引申的注意点。 Extension means developing the original meaning either from specific to general or from concrete to abstract, and vice versa bottleneck=瓶颈-交通狭口-阻塞； brain trust=脑托拉斯-智囊团； brain drain=脑排干-人才外流-人才流失； 1 将表示具体的形象的词译成该形象所代表的将表示具体的形象的词译成该形象所代表的属性：属性： 例1：There i

3、s a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists. 解析：这里的tiger(老虎）和ape(猿）这两个具体形象引申为这两个形象所代表的属性：“残暴”和“狡猾”。 译文：帝国主义者的性格既残暴、又狡猾。 2将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的表的概念概念的词：的词： 例2：See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the news for the next four weeks was never di

4、stinct. 解析：See-sawing是see-saw(跷跷板)转化而来的动词，本作“玩跷跷板”解，这里却要根据上下文来加以引申。 译文：在那以后的四个星期内，消息时而部分有所好转，时而又有点不妙，两种情况不断地交替出现，一直没有明朗化。 1) Every life has its roses and thorns. 2) Electric power became the servant of man only after the motor was invented. 3) The invention of machinery had brought into the world a

5、new age- the Industrial Age. Money had become king. 4) George bush bares the iron teeth behind his smile 5) The use of nanometer technology is still in its infancy now. 6) We would like to build a colorblind society where all men can have full opportunity. 7) The electrical age has been with us for

6、many years. 8) We are at the dawn of space age and, it seems, yesterdays fantasies will be tomorrows reality. 9) It is universally accepted that only those who master the mathematical ideas and reasoning become the father of science. III From the general to specific (from the abstract to concrete) 1

7、 将抽象概念或属性的词具体化：将抽象概念或属性的词具体化： 例3：While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.(99年真题）年真题） 解析：practice如译成常见的“实践、练习”等都不准确。 译文：几乎每个史

8、学家都有自己的界定，但现代史学家们的观点都趋向于认为史学家是试图重现并阐明过去发生的重大事件。 2 有些词在特定的上下文中含义清楚，但汉语要有些词在特定的上下文中含义清楚，但汉语要作具体化的引申，否则就不够清楚：作具体化的引申，否则就不够清楚： 例4：The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green. 解析：green在英文中一看便明白含义，但译成汉语就不能说是“绿色的”了，就要加以引申。 译文：我前头的那辆停住了，我错过了绿灯。 1) We should by no means neglect the evaporation of w

9、ater. 2) We were all greatly moved by his loftiness. 3)There had been too much violence in that region. 4) 他每天都要处理许多棘手的问题 ）这个男孩真粗心，他的书本都已经折角了 Chapter III Exercise 1 Translate the following English into Chinese 1) I hope all these possibilities will enable us to round the corner. 2) The wedding, whic

10、h Hayward still remember with pride, was attended by Whos Who of Boston Society. 3) A creative person will almost never follow a set pattern in developing an idea. To do so would tend to structure his thinking and limit the creation of possible solutions. 4) Man for field and women for the health; M

11、an for the sword and for the needle she, Man with the head and women with the heart; Man to command and women to obey 2 Translate the following passage from English into Chinese. Basketball Legend Michael Jordan Retires Chicagos most famous figure before the 1980s was the gangster，Al Scar-face Capon

12、e But in the last two decades Chicago Bulls basketball star Michael Jordan has knocked the legendary crime boss from his pedestal. Almost single-handedly, Jordan turned Chicagos image on its head, as the city on the shore of Lake Michigan moved from crime capital to basketball capital of America. Jo

13、rdan is widely regarded as the sports greatest player, and his retirement announcement in early 1999 came as a blow to the sport and to his millions of fans in American and around the world. His athleticism and fierce competitiveness frightened his opponents, but his graciousness made him an America

14、n and international icon. He is most famous as the face of Nike, the athletics shoe and clothing company whose products he has endorsed for the past decade. Jordan quickly became a multi-millionaire, thanks to lucrative product endorsement deals such as his Nike promotion. As his fortune grew he put

15、 money back into the community, creating a foundation to fund athletics facilities and other projects for children form the inner city of Chicago, his adopted home. Jordan is reported to be the celebrity with whom most American children feel most comfortable, and American adults once placed him fifth on a list of all-time most respected newsmakers. Over his career, Jordan captured 10 consecutive scoring titles. His jumping ability at goal was matched by excellent c