语法补充--动名词+反意疑问句

1、读书破万卷下笔如有神动名词1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语1）作主语。例如： Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。2）作宾语a. 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如：admit 承认appreciate 感激avoid 避免complete 完成consider 认为delay 耽误deny否认detest 讨厌endure 忍受enjoy 喜欢escape 逃脱fancy 想象finish完成imagine 想象mind 介意miss 想念postpone 推迟practice 训练recall 回忆resent

2、 讨厌resume 继续resist 抵抗risk 冒险suggest 建议face 面对include 包括stand 忍受understand 理解forgive 宽恕keep 继续例如： Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如：admit toprefer tobe used tolead

3、 todevote oneselfobject totostick tono goodno usebe fond oflook forward tobe proud ofbe busycan't helpbe tired ofbe capable ofbe afraid ofthink ofburst outkeep oninsist oncount onset aboutput offbe good attake upgive upbe successful in3）作表语，对主语说明、解释。例如：Her job is washing, cleaning and taking car

4、e of the children.她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。比较： She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.4）作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如：a writing desk=a desk for writing写字台a swimming pool=a pool swimming游泳池有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如：boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil沸点a walking tracto

5、r=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it手扶拖拉机2 worth 的用法worth, worthy, worthwhile都是形容词，意为" 值得 "。1. worth ： be worth + n.当名词为金钱时，表示" 值得 "常见的有Its worth while to do./ It（someoneworths） while doingbe worth doing sth." 某事值得被做 "The question

6、is not worth discussing again and again.这问题不值得反复讨论。2. worthy ： be worthy of +n.当名词为抽象名词时表示" 值得 "be worthy to be done " 某事值得被做"The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again.3. worthwhile ： be worthwhile to do sth" 值得做某事 "It is worthwhile to ask him to join t

7、he club.值得邀请他加入俱乐部。典型例题It is not _ to discuss the question again and again.A. worthB. worthyC. worthwhileD. worth while答案 C. 由 worth 的用法可知，此句只适合词组be worthwhile to do sth. 。选 C。反意疑问句1）陈述部分的主语是I ，疑问部分要用aren't I。例如：I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I?我跟你姐一样高，对吗？读书破万卷下笔如有神2）陈述部分的谓语是 wish ，疑

8、问部分要用 may +主语。例如：I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想与你说句话，行吗？3）陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little 等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。例如： Some plants never blown （开花） , do they ? 有些植物从不开花，对吗？4）含有 ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't + 主语。例如：He ought to k

9、now what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he? 他应该知道该做什么，对吗？5）陈述部分有 have to +v. （ had to + v. ），疑问部分常用 don't +主语（ didn't + 主语）。例如：We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we? 我们要在明天早上八点到达那儿，是吗？6）陈述部分的谓语是 used to 时，疑问部分用 didn't + 主语或 usedn't +主语。例如：He used to take pictu

10、res there, didn't he? / usedn't he? 他以前常在那儿拍照，是吗？7）陈述部分有 had better + v. 疑问句部分用 hadn't you? 例如：You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you? 你最好自己去读，好吗？8）陈述部分有 would rather +v. ，疑问部分多用 wouldn't + 主语。例如：He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 他宁可读十遍也

11、不愿意背诵，是吗？9）陈述部分有 You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用 wouldn't + 主语。例如：You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 你想和我们一块去，对吗？10）陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。例如：He must be a doctor, isn't he? 他肯定是医生，是吗？You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?你一定读过三年英语，对吗？H

12、e must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?他肯定是在昨天完成任务的，是吗？11）感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。例如：What colors, aren't they? 多漂亮的颜色，是吗？12） 陈述部分由 neither nor, either连or接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 你不是工程师，我也不是，对吗？13）陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用 it

13、 。例如：Everything is ready, isn't it?一切就绪，是吗？14）陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。例如：Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?史密斯先生曾几次去过北京，按理说他现在应该在中国，是吗？b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。例如：He said he wanted to vis

14、it Japan, didn't he? 他说他想去日本看看，他是那样说的吗？c. 陈述部分主句为第一人称，谓语是 think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine 等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。例如：I don't think he is bright, is he?我认为他并不聪明，是吗？We believe she can do it better, can't she? 我们相信她能做得更好，她能吗？15） 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody,

15、no one 等，疑问部分常用复数例如： Everyone knows the answer, don't they?（ does he?） 人人都知道答案，是这样吧？Nobody knows about it, do they?（does he?） 没人知道这件事，是吧？16）带情态动词dare 或 need 的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用need （ dare ） +主语。例如：We need not do it again, need we ? 我们不必重做一遍，是吗？He dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢这样说，是吗？当 dare, need 为实义动词时

16、，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。例如：She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she? 她不敢独自回家，是吗？17）省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you 。例如：Don't do that again, will you?别再这样做，好吗？Go with me, will you / won't you ?跟我走吧，好吗？注意： Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?例如：Let's go and listen to the musi

17、c, shall we?一起去听音乐，好吗？Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?你让我们在阅览室等你，好吗？18）陈述部分是 "there be" 结构的，疑问部分用there 省略主语代词。例如：There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?你的表有问题，对不对？There will not be any trouble, will there?不会有麻烦吧，是吗？they，有时也用单数he。19）否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用

18、否定形式。例如：读书破万卷下笔如有神It is impossible, isn't it?这不可能，是吗？He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?他不会对他同学使坏，是吗？20） must 在表 " 推测 "时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。例如：He must be there now, isn't he? 他现在肯定在那儿，是吧？It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?明天肯定要下雨，是吗？特殊情况1. Learning how to repair m

19、otors takes a long time, doesn （非谓语动词作主语t用it? it。）2 I don t think that sheres,ca does he? (陈述句是转移否定，反意疑问句的主语和谓语必须和从句一致。)3 Open your books, would you/won(陈t述you?句对第二人称的祈使句，简略问句可用 will you? Won t you?ouldW you? Can you?或 can t you?)4 Don t forget to write a letter to me, will you? （在否定祈使句中，只用will you?

20、 ）5 Let s go to the station shall we?(Let 包括听话者，所s以用 shall we?)6 Let us go for a walk, will you?/won t 不you?(Let包括听话us者，而是向听话者提出建议或要求。)7We must study all the subjects well, needn在这t里we?(must不表示“必须 ”，只表示 “有必要 “， 所以不重复 must, 要用 need.)8 It must be Xiao Wang, isn t it?(must在这里be表示推测，要用be 的适当形式 )9 You mu

21、st have made the mistake, haven当must+you?(不定式的完成式表示对过去事情的推测时，用have。 )10. The boys mustn t play with fire, may they?(当must 表示 “禁止 ”时，反意问句要用 may.)11. He used to get up early, didn t he/（当usedn陈述句含有t he?used to时，简略问句用 did, 也可重复 used.）12 We usually have breakfast at seven, don（当 havet 不we?作 “有 ”解而用作行为动词

22、时，简略问句用do 适当形式）13., We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we? ( 陈述部分的谓语包含have to, has to, had to时，疑问部分要用 do 的适当形式。)14.Nothing can stop us now, can it?( 陈述部分用 everything, nothing 作主语时，疑问部分主语用it.)15.I am a three- good student, aren陈述t部I?(分用 I am时，疑问部分用aren t I.)16.There is something wrong

23、with your TV set, isn陈述部分为tthere?(there+be 结构，疑问部分用there,省略主语代词。 )17.I wish to have a word with you, may I?(当陈述句是主语结构 I wish,用以征求对方意见，简略问句用may I.)18. Tom has been reading novels, but he didn t read this afternoon,(陈述句是did并列he?句， 简略问句的主谓语应和后一个分句一致。)19.She dislikes smoking, doesn如果t陈she?(述部分里出现表示否定意义的

24、某些词如 never, hardly, few, little, nothing, nobody等，简略问句要用肯定式；但是，如果谓语是通过加前缀构成的否定词，简略问句用否定。)20.That China is a great socialist country is well known, isn(不定式短语，动名词短t语it?或主语从句作主语，简略问句的主语用 it.)21.This is my pen, isn陈述部t分it?(的主语this ,that,简略问句用 it: 陈述部分的主语these, those,简略问句的主语用 they.)22.None of it is here, is it?（在 ” none of”结构中，如 of 后的名词或代词是单数，后面的主语也为单数，这种情况，主要由于 of 后的名词或代词为不可数名词）23.In our class each of the students passed the exam, didn陈述部分如是the/th“ey?(ach of 结构”作主语，若强调个别，简略问句